| 单词 | titration | |||
| 释义 | titrationti·tra·tionT0238200 (tī-trā′shən)titration(taɪˈtreɪʃən)titration
titrationtitration(tītrā`shən), gradual addition of an acidic solutionsolution,in chemistry, homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The dissolving medium is called the solvent, and the dissolved material is called the solute. A solution is distinct from a colloid or a suspension. ..... Click the link for more information. to a basic solution or vice versa (see acids and basesacids and bases, two related classes of chemicals; the members of each class have a number of common properties when dissolved in a solvent, usually water. Properties ..... Click the link for more information. ); titrations are used to determine the concentrationconcentration, in chemistry, measure of the relative proportions of two or more quantities in a mixture. The concentration of a solute is very important in studying chemical reactions because it determines how often molecules collide in solution and thus indirectly determines ..... Click the link for more information. of acids or bases in solution. For example, a given volume of a solution of unknown acidity may be titrated with a base of known concentration until complete neutralizationneutralization, chemical reaction, according to the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases, in which a water solution of acid is mixed with a water solution of base to form a salt and water; this reaction is complete only if the resulting solution has neither acidic nor basic ..... Click the link for more information. has occurred. This point is called the equivalence point and is generally determined by observing a color change in an added indicator such as phenolphthalein. From the volume and concentration of added base and the volume of acid solution, the unknown concentration of the solution before titration can be determined. Titrations can also be used to determine the number of acidic or basic groups in an unknown compound. A specific weight of the compound is titrated with a known concentration of acid or base until the equivalence point has been reached. From the volume and concentration of added acid or base and the initial weight of the compound, the equivalent weightequivalent weight. The equivalent weight of an element or radical is equal to its atomic weight or formula weight divided by the valence it assumes in compounds. The unit of equivalent weight is the atomic mass unit; the amount of a substance in grams numerically equal to the ..... Click the link for more information. , and thus the number of acidic or basic groups, can be computed. Instead of adding an indicator to observe the equivalence point, one can construct a graph on which the pH (see separate article) at regular intervals is plotted along one axis and the number of moles of added acid or base at these intervals along the other axis; such a plot is called a titration curve and is usually sigmoid (S-shaped), with the inflection point, where the curve changes direction, corresponding to the equivalence point. From the pH at the equivalence point, the dissociation constant of the acidic or basic group can be determined (see chemical equilibriumchemical equilibrium, state of balance in which two opposing reversible chemical reactions proceed at constant equal rates with no net change in the system. For example, when hydrogen gas, H2, and iodine gas, I2 ..... Click the link for more information. ). If a compound contains several different acidic or basic groups, the titration curve will show several sigmoid-shaped curves like steps and the dissociation constant of each group can be obtained from the pH at its corresponding equivalence point. Titrationa method of volumetric analysis that involves the gradual addition of a solution of a known concentration (standard solution) to the solution being analyzed (the analyte) in order to determine the concentration of the analyte. Burettes are used to measure the volume of the solution added. The end point of titration is usually found by means of chemical indicators or through the use of instruments. titration[ti′trā·shən]titrationtitrationtitration[ti-tra´shun]ti·tra·tion(tī-trā'shŭn),titrationMedtalk The serial dilution of a substance of interest. See Checkerboard titration.ti·tra·tion(tī-trā'shŭn)ti·tra·tion(tī-trā'shŭn)titration
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