vault

vault¹top to bottom: barrel, groin, and rib vaults

vault¹

V0039100 (vôlt)n.1. a. An arched structure, usually of masonry or concrete, serving to cover a space.b. An arched overhead covering, such as the sky, that resembles the architectural structure in form.2. A room or space, such as a cellar or storeroom, with an arched ceiling, especially when underground.3. A room or compartment, often built of steel, for the safekeeping of valuables: a bank vault.4. A burial chamber, especially when underground.5. Anatomy An arched part of the body, especially the top part of the skull.tr.v. vault·ed, vault·ing, vaults 1. To construct or supply with an arched ceiling; cover with a vault.2. To build or make in the shape of a vault; arch.

[Middle English vaute, from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *volvita, volta, from feminine of *volvitus, arched, alteration of Latin volūtus, past participle of volvere, to roll; see wel- in Indo-European roots.]

vault²

V0039100 (vôlt)v. vault·ed, vault·ing, vaults v.tr. To jump or leap over, especially with the aid of a support such as the hands or a pole.v.intr.1. To jump or leap, especially with the use of the hands or a pole.2. To accomplish something suddenly or vigorously: vaulted into a position of wealth.n.1. The act of vaulting; a jump.2. A piece of gymnastic equipment with an upholstered body used especially for vaulting. Also called vaulting horse.

[Obsolete French volter, from Old French, from Old Italian voltare, from Vulgar Latin *volvitāre, frequentative of Latin volvere, to turn, roll; see wel- in Indo-European roots.]

vault′er n.

vault

(vɔːlt) n1. (Architecture) an arched structure that forms a roof or ceiling2. a room, esp a cellar, having an arched roof down to floor level3. a burial chamber, esp when underground4. a strongroom for the safe-deposit and storage of valuables5. an underground room or part of such a room, used for the storage of wine, food, etc6. (Anatomy) anatomy any arched or domed bodily cavity or space: the cranial vault. 7. something suggestive of an arched structure, as the skyvb8. (Building) (tr) to furnish with or as if with an arched roof9. (Building) (tr) to construct in the shape of a vault10. (intr) to curve, arch, or bend in the shape of a vault[C14: vaute, from Old French, from Vulgar Latin volvita (unattested) a turn, probably from Latin volvere to roll] ˈvaultˌlike adj

vault

(vɔːlt) vb1. to spring over (an object), esp with the aid of a long pole or with the hands resting on the object2. (intr) to do, achieve, or attain something as if by a leap: he vaulted to fame on the strength of his discovery. 3. (Horse Training, Riding & Manège) dressage to perform or cause to perform a curvetn4. the act of vaulting5. (Horse Training, Riding & Manège) dressage a low leap; curvet[C16: from Old French voulter to turn, from Italian voltare to turn, from Vulgar Latin volvitāre (unattested) to turn, leap; see vault¹] ˈvaulter n

vault¹

(vɔlt)
n. 1. an arched structure, usu. of stones, concrete, or bricks, forming a ceiling or roof. 2. a space, chamber, or passage enclosed by a vault or vaultlike structure, esp. one located underground. 3. a room or compartment for the safekeeping of valuables. 4. a burial chamber. 5. something likened to an arched roof: the vault of heaven. v.t. 6. to construct or cover with or as if with a vault. 7. to store in a vault. v.i. 8. to curve in the form of a vault. [1300–50; voute < Old French vou(l)te, volte « Latin volūta, of Latin volvere to turn (see revolve)]

vault²

(vɔlt)

v.i. 1. to leap, as to or from a position or over something: to vault over the net. 2. to leap with the hands supported by something, as by a horizontal pole. 3. to leap over a horse in gymnastics, using the hands for pushing off. 4. to achieve something as if by a leap: to vault into prominence. v.t. 5. to leap over: to vault a fence. 6. to cause to leap over or surpass others. n. 7. the act of vaulting. 8. a leap of a horse. [1530–40; < French volte a turn] vault′er, n.

vault

coping saw - A saw with a very narrow blade stretched across a u-shaped frame—for cutting curves, with cope meaning "vault, arch."
ossuary - From Latin os, "bone," it is any receptacle—urn, vault, etc.—for the bones of the dead.
camera - First meant "vault, chamber."
firmament - Means "vault of the sky," as a fixed structure.

vault

Past participle: vaulted
Gerund: vaulting

Imperative
vault
vault

Present
I vault
you vault
he/she/it vaults
we vault
you vault
they vault

Preterite
I vaulted
you vaulted
he/she/it vaulted
we vaulted
you vaulted
they vaulted

Present Continuous
I am vaulting
you are vaulting
he/she/it is vaulting
we are vaulting
you are vaulting
they are vaulting

Present Perfect
I have vaulted
you have vaulted
he/she/it has vaulted
we have vaulted
you have vaulted
they have vaulted

Past Continuous
I was vaulting
you were vaulting
he/she/it was vaulting
we were vaulting
you were vaulting
they were vaulting

Past Perfect
I had vaulted
you had vaulted
he/she/it had vaulted
we had vaulted
you had vaulted
they had vaulted

Future
I will vault
you will vault
he/she/it will vault
we will vault
you will vault
they will vault

Future Perfect
I will have vaulted
you will have vaulted
he/she/it will have vaulted
we will have vaulted
you will have vaulted
they will have vaulted

Future Continuous
I will be vaulting
you will be vaulting
he/she/it will be vaulting
we will be vaulting
you will be vaulting
they will be vaulting

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been vaulting
you have been vaulting
he/she/it has been vaulting
we have been vaulting
you have been vaulting
they have been vaulting

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been vaulting
you will have been vaulting
he/she/it will have been vaulting
we will have been vaulting
you will have been vaulting
they will have been vaulting

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been vaulting
you had been vaulting
he/she/it had been vaulting
we had been vaulting
you had been vaulting
they had been vaulting

Conditional
I would vault
you would vault
he/she/it would vault
we would vault
you would vault
they would vault

Past Conditional
I would have vaulted
you would have vaulted
he/she/it would have vaulted
we would have vaulted
you would have vaulted
they would have vaulted

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	vault - a burial chamber (usually underground)burial vaultburial chamber, sepulcher, sepulchre, sepulture - a chamber that is used as a gravecharnel, charnel house - a vault or building where corpses or bones are depositedcolumbarium - a sepulchral vault or other structure having recesses in the walls to receive cinerary urns
	2.	vault - a strongroom or compartment (often made of steel) for safekeeping of valuablesbank vaultbank building, bank - a building in which the business of banking transacted; "the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon"strongroom - a burglarproof and fireproof room in which valuables are kept
	3.	vault - an arched brick or stone ceiling or roofbarrel vault - the simplest form of vault; a single continuous archgroined vault - two barrel vaults intersecting at right anglesfenestella, lunette - oval or circular opening; to allow light into a dome or vaultribbed vault - vault that resembles a groined vault but has ribbed archesroof - a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building
	4.	vault - the act of jumping over an obstaclehurdlejumping, jump - the act of jumping; propelling yourself off the ground; "he advanced in a series of jumps"; "the jumping was unexpected"
Verb	1.	vault - jump across or leap over (an obstacle)overleapbound, jump, leap, spring - move forward by leaps and bounds; "The horse bounded across the meadow"; "The child leapt across the puddle"; "Can you jump over the fence?"hurdle - jump a hurdle
	2.	vault - bound vigorouslybound, jump, leap, spring - move forward by leaps and bounds; "The horse bounded across the meadow"; "The child leapt across the puddle"; "Can you jump over the fence?"

vault

¹noun1. strongroom, repository, depository The money was in storage in bank vaults.2. crypt, tomb, catacomb, cellar, mausoleum, charnel house, undercroft He ordered that Matilda's body should be buried in the family vault.3. arch, roof, ceiling, span the vault of a magnificent cathedral

vault

²verb jump, spring, leap, clear, bound, hurdle Ned vaulted over the low wall.

vault¹

nounA burial place or receptacle for human remains:catacomb, cinerarium, crypt, grave, mausoleum, ossuary, sepulcher, sepulture, tomb.

vault²

verbTo move off the ground by a muscular effort of the legs and feet:hurdle, jump, leap, spring.nounThe act of jumping:jump, leap, spring.

Translations

地下室墓穴拱顶撑杆跳穹窿状建筑

vault¹

(voːlt) noun1. (a room, especially a cellar, with) an arched roof or ceiling. the castle vaults. 穹窿状建筑，拱顶 2. an underground room, especially for storing valuables. The thieves broke into the bank vaults.地下室3. a burial chamber, often for all the members of a family. He was buried in the family vault.墓穴ˈvaulted adjective1. (of a roof or ceiling) arched. 穹窿状的，拱状的 2. (of a building etc) having an arched roof or ceiling. 拱顶的

vault²

(voːlt) noun a leap aided by the hands or by a pole. With a vault he was over the fence and away.撑杆跳 verb to leap (over). He vaulted (over) the fence.跳跃

vault

vault,

ceiling over a room, formed in any one of a variety of curved shapes.

Nature of Vaults

A vault is generally composed of separate units of material, such as bricks, tiles, or blocks of stone, so shaped or cut that when assembled they form a tightly wedged and stable construction whose weight can be concentrated upon the proper supports. Vaults are also formed in a homogeneous material, as when built in concrete. In modern work ceilings in the form of masonry vaults are often merely of plaster applied against a curved framework of wood or metal. Since antiquity vault surfaces have been enriched at various times in diverse ways—with coffers, carvings, plaster decorations, mosaics, or frescoes.

Engineering Considerations

Vaults constructed of numerous blocks of material pressing against one another exert not only the accumulated downward weight of the material and of any superimposed load but also a side thrust or tendency to spread. To avoid collapse, adequate resistance against this thrust must thus be concentrated at the haunches (lower portions) of the vault. The resistance may take the form of thickened walls at the haunches; of buttressesbuttress,
mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it. It is especially necessary when a vault or an arch places a heavy load or thrust on one part of a wall. In the case of a wall carrying the uniform load of a floor or roof, it is more economical to buttress it at
..... Click the link for more information. placed at points of concentrated thrust as in Romanesque and Gothic architecture; or of vaults so placed that their thrusts oppose and counteract. This necessity has controlled the evolution of masonry vaulting and its use in buildings.

History of Vaults

The Ancient World

In ancient Egypt brick vaulting was used, chiefly for drains. The Chaldaeans and Assyrians used vaults for the same purpose but seem also to have made architectural use of high domesdome,
a roof circular or (rarely) elliptical in plan and usually hemispherical in form, placed over a circular, square, oblong, or polygonal space. Domes have been built with a wide variety of outlines and of various materials.
..... Click the link for more information. and barrel vaults. The Greeks made no use of vaults.

Roman and Romanesque Styles

The vaulting technique of the Etruscans was absorbed by the Romans, who started in the 1st cent. A.D. the development of a mature vaulting system. Casting concrete in one solid mass, the Romans created vaults of perfect rigidity, devoid of external thrust, and requiring no buttresses. Thus vaults and domes could be easily erected over vast spaces, producing impressive and complex thermae, amphitheaters, and basilicas.

Roman vaults were the basis on which more complex and varied forms were developed in the Middle Ages. The tunnel (or barrel) vault spans between two walls, like a continuous arch. The cross, or groined, vault is formed by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults, producing a surface that has arched openings for its four sides and concentration of load at the four corner points of the square or rectangle. The semicircular arch was universally employed in Romanesque vaulting throughout Europe, and the Roman cross vault was the type used for covering square or rectangular compartments.

Gothic Vaulting

Ribs to strengthen the groins and sides of a cross vault were first employed in the Church of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan (11th cent.). When the system of using ribs to form a complete organic supporting skeleton was developed, it became one of the basic principles of perfected Gothic architecture. The use of ribs led to increasing complexity, beginning in the 12th cent., in vault forms.

The pointed arch, which was dominant in medieval architecture from the 13th cent. onward, helped to overcome the difficulties of vaulting oblong compartments exclusively with semicircular sections and to bring the various ribs of unequal spans to a crown at the same height. Some vaulting compartments or bays were divided by ribs into six segments and were known as sexpartite vaults, but the four-part vault generally prevailed. In England the multiplication of ribs for structural and decorative purposes culminated in the 15th cent. in the elaborate fan vault of the Perpendicular stylePerpendicular style,
term given the final period of English Gothic architecture (late 14th–middle 16th cent.) because of the predominating vertical lines of its tracery and paneling. It is also called rectilinear for the prevailing angularity of the designs.
..... Click the link for more information. .

Renaissance and Later Vaulting

The architects of the Renaissance and baroque periods abandoned Gothic methods and returned to Roman vault forms. New devices were added to these basic forms, including barrel vaults of semi-elliptical section, domes mounted on drums, and cross vaults with groins of elliptical section. In modern times reinforced concrete produces lightweight vaults devoid of thrust.

Bibliography

See J. Fitchen, The Construction of Gothic Cathedrals (1961).

Vault

An arched roof or ceiling or a continuous semicircular ceiling that extends in a straight line over a hall, room, or other partially enclosed space.

barrel and groin vault

A vault formed by two identical tunnel-shaped vaults that intersect in the middle.

barrel vault

A masonry vault resting on two parallel walls having the form of a half cylinder, sometimes called a tunnel vault.

compound vault

Any vault formed by the intersection of two or more vaults; types include cloister vault, domical vault, groin vault, and segmental vault.

conical vault

A vault having a cross section in the form of a circular arc, which is larger at one end than the other.

corbel vault

A continuous corbel arch over a space, used by the ancient Mayas of Yucatan; also known as a Mayan arch.

cross vault

A vault formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults which meet at right angles.

domical vault

A dome-shaped vault, where the ribs or groins are semicircular, causing the center of the vaulted bay to rise higher than the side arches.

double vault

A vault, usually domical, consisting of an inner shell separated from a higher outer shell.

fan vault

A concave conical vault, whose ribs, of unequal length and curvature, radiate from the springing like the ribs of a fan.

groined vault

One covering a square bay where two barrel vaults of equal diameter and height intersect.

hemispherical vault

Masonry dome with a semicircular cross section.

net vault

Vault where the ribs form a network of lozenges.

panel vault

A rib vault having a central square panel connected with diagonal ribs to the corners of the larger square it covers.

polygonal vault

A vault with more than four intersecting vault surfaces; typically octagonal in plan.

rampant vault

A vault whose two abutments are located on an inclined plane, such as a vault supporting or forming the ceiling of a stairway; the impost on one side is higher than the impost on the other side.

ribbed vault

A vault in which the ribs support, or seem to support, the web of the vault.

stellar vault

A vault where the ribs are so arranged as to form a star-shape.

tracery vault

A type of solid vaulting with decorative ribs forming patterns on the surface.

Vault

in architecture, an arched roof or ceiling. When used to support a load, a vault, like an arch, usually works on the principle of compression, transferring vertical stress to the supports. In many types of vaults horizontal stress is also transferred.

The simplest and most common type of vault is the barrel, or tunnel, vault, which rests on parallel supports, such as walls, rows of columns, and arcades. In cross section the barrel vault forms part of a circle, ellipse, or parabola.

A groin, or cross, vault is formed by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults of equal height. Groin vaults are often supported at the corners by freestanding columns. The parts of a barrel vault that rest on walls, arches, or beams along the entire perimeter of a vaulted building form a cloister vault. A mirror vault differs from a cloister vault in that its upper part is a flat slab.

The dome is derived from the vault. A sail vault is formed by the truncation of parts of the rounded surface of a dome along vertical planes.

Numerous variations of these basic forms of vaults may result from differences in the curves of intersection and in the number and shape of the pendentives. Such variations include pointed, inclined, annular, and honeycomb vaults.

The oldest type of vault is the corbel vault, consisting of horizontal rows of masonry that project one above the other and do not transfer the thrust (for example, the vault of the casemates of the acropolis of Tiryns, 13th century B.C.). Barrel vaults appeared in Egypt and Mesopotamia in the fourth and third millennia B.C. They were widely used in ancient Roman architecture, as were cloister vaults (for example, in the arcade of Tabularium, Rome, 79 B.C.) and groin vaults (for example, the basilica of Constantine, Rome, c. A.D. 315).

Barrel, sail, and groin vaults were used in Byzantine architecture, particularly in cruciform-domed churches. Pointed vaults were used primarily in the architecture of Azerbaijan, India, China, Middle Asia, and the Middle East. In medieval Western and Northern European architecture groin vaults were popular and acquired a pointed look owing to a basic structural element—the rib.

Since ancient times vaults have been constructed of natural stone and brick. In post-and-lintel construction the transverse strength of stone limited the span to about 5 m. The introduction of the vault made it possible to increase the span significantly, since in a vault, stone—working on compression rather than flexure—exhibits greater strength.

Since the late 19th century vaults have frequently been made of metal. The 20th century has seen the introduction of various types of reinforced-concrete monolithic and sectional thin-walled vault shells of complex construction, which are used as roofs for large-span buildings. Since the mid-20th century wooden vaults of bonded construction have come into wide use.

REFERENCES

Kuznetsov, A. V. Svodyiikhdekor. Moscow, 1938.
Hart, F. Kunst und Technik der Wölbung. Munich [1965].

What does it mean when you dream about a vault?

A vault in a dream is an indication of wealth and success. This could be an indication of prosperity, the fulfillment of one’s creative urges, or a future of great happiness.

vault

[vȯlt] (architecture) An arched masonry structure usually forming a ceiling or a roof. (biology) An anatomical structure that is arched or dome-shaped.

vault

vault: 1, barrel vault, 2, intersecting vault, 3, domed vault, 4, stilted vault 1. A structure based on the principle of the arch, often constructed of masonry; typically consists of an arrangement of arches that cover the space below; also see barrel vault, cradle vault, cylindrical vault, fan vault, groined vault, lierne vault, rampant vault, ribbed vault, segmental vault, sidewalk vault, stilted vault, tunnel vault, wagon vault, Welsh vault.2. A burial chamber, especially one under a church. 3. An underground chamber especially designed for maintaining electrical equipment. 4. A room for the safekeeping of valuables.

vault

¹1. an arched structure that forms a roof or ceiling 2. Anatomy any arched or domed bodily cavity or space

vault

² Dressage a low leap; curvet

vault

vault 1

vault 2

vault

vault

vault1

vault2

vault

vault

vault

vault

vault 1

vault 2

vault1

vault2

vault

vault over (someone or something)

vault into

vault into something

vault over someone or something

vault into

vault

vault,

Nature of Vaults

Engineering Considerations

History of Vaults

The Ancient World

Roman and Romanesque Styles

Gothic Vaulting

Renaissance and Later Vaulting

Bibliography

Vault

barrel and groin vault

barrel vault

compound vault

conical vault

corbel vault

cross vault

domical vault

double vault

fan vault

groined vault

hemispherical vault

net vault

panel vault

polygonal vault

rampant vault

ribbed vault

stellar vault

tracery vault

Vault

REFERENCES

What does it mean when you dream about a vault?

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VAULT

vault

Synonyms for vault

noun strongroom

Synonyms

noun crypt

Synonyms

noun arch

Synonyms

verb jump

Synonyms

Synonyms for vault

noun a burial place or receptacle for human remains

Synonyms

verb to move off the ground by a muscular effort of the legs and feet

Synonyms

noun the act of jumping

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