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DictionarySeemedicinepsychosomatic medicine
psychosomatic medicine (sī'kōsōmăt`ĭk), study and treatment of those emotional disturbances that are manifested as physical disorders. The term psychosomatic emphasizes essential unity of the psyche and the soma, a combination rooted in ancient Greek medicine. Common disorders caused at least partly by psychological factors include childhood asthmaasthma
, chronic inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by periodic attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, and a tight feeling in the chest. A cough producing sticky mucus is symptomatic.
..... Click the link for more information. , certain gastrointestinal problems, hypertension, endocrine disturbances, diabetes, and possibly even heart disease. In most psychosomatic conditions there is some interaction between psychological factors and physiological predisposition to the illness. Sigmund FreudFreud, Sigmund
, 1856–1939, Austrian psychiatrist, founder of psychoanalysis. Born in Moravia, he lived most of his life in Vienna, receiving his medical degree from the Univ. of Vienna in 1881.
His medical career began with an apprenticeship (1885–86) under J.
..... Click the link for more information. , at the end of the 19th cent., laid the scientific groundwork for psychosomatic study, with his theoretical formulations based on new methods of treating hysteriahysteria
, in psychology, a disorder commonly known today as conversion disorder, in which a psychological conflict is converted into a bodily disturbance. It is distinguished from hypochondria by the fact that its sufferers do not generally confuse their condition with real,
..... Click the link for more information. . His methods were reinforced by the psychobiology of the American psychiatrist Adolf Meyer and the research of the American physiologist W. B. Cannon on the physiological effects of acute emotion. The treatment of psychosomatic ailments may involve a medical regimen as well as some form of psychotherapypsychotherapy,
treatment of mental and emotional disorders using psychological methods. Psychotherapy, thus, does not include physiological interventions, such as drug therapy or electroconvulsive therapy, although it may be used in combination with such methods.
..... Click the link for more information. for the patient. In recent years, psychosomatic medicine has been subsumed under the broader field of behavioral medicine, which includes the study of a wider range of physical ailments. Understanding the psychological causes of various ailments is crucial: studies suggest that a large percentage of deaths are rooted in behavior. In the 1960s, concepts related to conditioning gained prominence, as researchers found that humans and animals could learn to control their autonomic nervous system responses, usually involved in psychosomatic complaints. Emerging from this research came the technique of biofeedback that provides individuals with information concerning their own physiological responses, which they may begin to alter through conscious techniques of control. The newest area of research related to psychosomatic medicine has been called psychoneuroimmunology, the study of the interactions of the endocrine system, central nervous system, and immune system. Researchers believe that studies of these biological systems can help to show how an individual becomes vulnerable to illness. Bibliography See J. M. Kuldau, ed., Treatment for Psychosomatic Problems (1982); C. P. Wilson and I. L. Mintz, ed., Psychosomatic Symptoms (1989). psychosomatic medicine
medicine [med´ĭ-sin] 1. any drug or remedy.2. the art and science of the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.3. the nonsurgical treatment of disease.alternative medicine see medicine" >complementary and alternative medicine.aviation medicine the branch of medicine that deals with the physiologic, medical, psychologic, and epidemiologic problems involved in flying.ayurvedic medicine the traditional medicine of India, done according to Hindu scriptures and making use of plants and other healing materials native to India.behavioral medicine a type of psychosomatic medicine focused on psychological means of influencing physical symptoms, such as biofeedback or relaxation.clinical medicine 1. the study of disease by direct examination of the living patient.2. the last two years of the usual curriculum in a medical college.complementary medicine (complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)) a large and diverse set of systems of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention based on philosophies and techniques other than those used in conventional Western medicine, often derived from traditions of medical practice used in other, non-Western cultures. Such practices may be described as alternative, that is, existing as a body separate from and as a replacement for conventional Western medicine, or complementary, that is, used in addition to conventional Western practice. CAM is characterized by its focus on the whole person as a unique individual, on the energy of the body and its influence on health and disease, on the healing power of nature and the mobilization of the body's own resources to heal itself, and on the treatment of the underlying causes, rather than symptoms, of disease. Many of the techniques used are the subject of controversy and have not been validated by controlled studies.emergency medicine the medical specialty that deals with the acutely ill or injured who require immediate medical treatment. See also emergency and care" >emergency care.experimental medicine study of the science of healing diseases based on experimentation in animals.family medicine family practice.forensic medicine the application of medical knowledge to questions of law; see also jurisprudence" >medical jurisprudence. Called also legal medicine.group medicine the practice of medicine by a group of physicians, usually representing various specialties, who are associated together for the cooperative diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.internal medicine the medical specialty that deals with diagnosis and medical treatment of diseases and disorders of internal structures of the body.legal medicine forensic medicine.nuclear medicine the branch of medicine concerned with the use of radionuclides in diagnosis and treatment of disease.patent medicine a drug or remedy protected by a trademark, available without a prescription.physical medicine physiatry.preclinical medicine the subjects studied in medicine before the student observes actual diseases in patients.preventive medicine the branch of medical study and practice aimed at preventing disease and promoting health.proprietary medicine any chemical, drug, or similar preparation used in the treatment of diseases, if such article is protected against free competition as to name, product, composition, or process of manufacture by secrecy, patent, trademark, or copyright, or by other means.psychosomatic medicine the study of the interrelations between bodily processes and emotional life.socialized medicine a system of medical care regulated and controlled by the government; called also state medicine.space medicine the branch of medicine" >aviation medicine concerned with conditions encountered by human beings in space.sports medicine the field of medicine concerned with injuries sustained in athletic endeavors, including their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.state medicine socialized medicine.travel medicine (travelers' medicine) the subspecialty of medicine" >tropical medicine consisting of the diagnosis and treatment or prevention of diseases of travelers.tropical medicine medical science as applied to diseases occurring primarily in the tropics and subtropics.veterinary medicine the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of animals other than humans.psy·cho·so·mat·ic med·i·cinethe study and treatment of diseases, disorders, or abnormal states in which psychologic processes resulting in physiologic reactions are believed to play a prominent role.psychosomatic medicine A “holistic” philosophy of healthcare, which assumes that an individual’s mental state is intimately linked to both the pathogenesis of disease and ultimately to its treatment.psy·cho·so·mat·ic med·i·cine (sī'kō-sŏ-mat'ik med'i-sin) The study and treatment of diseases, disorders, or abnormal states in which psychological processes resulting in physiologic reactions are believed to play a prominent role. psy·cho·so·mat·ic med·i·cine (sī'kō-sŏ-mat'ik med'i-sin) Study and treatment of diseases, disorders, or abnormal states in which psychologic processes resulting in physiologic reactions are believed to play a prominent role. 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