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单词 shock
释义

shock


shock 1

S0354400 (shŏk)n.1. A violent collision, impact, or explosion, or the force or movement resulting from this: The shock of the explosion blew out windows of every building on the street.2. a. Something that suddenly causes emotional distress: The news of his death was a shock to all of us.b. A sudden feeling of distress: The shock of the news has not yet worn off.3. A massive, acute physiological reaction usually to physical trauma, infection, or allergy, characterized by a marked loss of blood pressure, resulting in a diminished blood flow to body tissues and a rapid heart rate.4. The sensation and muscular spasm caused by an electric current passing through the body or a body part.5. A sudden economic disturbance, such as a rise in the price of a commodity.6. A shock absorber.v. shocked, shock·ing, shocks v.tr.1. To surprise and disturb greatly: We were shocked by his admission of wrongdoing.2. To induce a state of physical shock in (an animal or person).3. a. To subject (an animal or person) to an electric shock.b. To administer electric current to (a patient) to treat cardiac arrest or life-threatening arrhythmias.c. To administer electroconvulsive therapy to (a patient).v.intr. Archaic To come into contact violently, as in battle; collide.
[French choc, from choquer, to collide with, from Old French chuquier, perhaps of Germanic origin.]

shock 2

S0354400 (shŏk)n.1. A number of sheaves of grain stacked upright in a field for drying.2. A thick heavy mass: a shock of white hair.tr.v. shocked, shock·ing, shocks To gather (grain) into shocks.
[Middle English shok.]

shock

(ʃɒk) vb1. to experience or cause to experience extreme horror, disgust, surprise, etc: the atrocities shocked us; she shocks easily. 2. to cause a state of shock in (a person)3. to come or cause to come into violent contact; jarn4. a sudden and violent jarring blow or impact5. something that causes a sudden and violent disturbance in the emotions: the shock of her father's death made her ill. 6. (Pathology) pathol a state of bodily collapse or near collapse caused by circulatory failure or sudden lowering of the blood pressure, as from severe bleeding, burns, fright, etc7. (Pathology) pathol pain and muscular spasm as the physical reaction to an electric current passing through the body[C16: from Old French choc, from choquier to make violent contact with, of Germanic origin; related to Middle High German schoc] ˈshockable adj ˌshockaˈbility n

shock

(ʃɒk) n1. (Agriculture) a number of sheaves set on end in a field to dry2. (Agriculture) a pile or stack of unthreshed cornvb (Agriculture) (tr) to set up (sheaves) in shocks[C14: probably of Germanic origin; compare Middle Low German, Middle Dutch schok shock of corn, group of sixty]

shock

(ʃɒk) na thick bushy mass, esp of hairadjrare bushy; shaggy[C19: perhaps from shock2]

shock1

(ʃɒk)

n. 1. a sudden or violent disturbance of the emotions or sensibilities. 2. a sudden and violent blow or impact. 3. a sudden or violent commotion. 4. gravely diminished blood circulation caused by severe injury or pain, blood loss, or certain diseases and characterized by pallor, weak pulse, and very low blood pressure. 5. the physiological effect produced by the passage of an electric current through the body. 6. shocks, shock absorbers, esp. in the suspension of an automobile. v.t. 7. to affect with intense surprise, horror, etc. 8. to give an electric shock to. 9. to strike against violently. v.i. 10. to undergo a shock. adj. 11. intended to scandalize or titillate an audience by breaking taboos, esp. by using vulgarity, obscenity, or ethnic slurs: shock radio; shock art. [1555–65; < Middle French choc armed encounter, n. derivative of choquer to clash (in battle) < Germanic; compare Dutch schokken to shake, jolt, jerk] shock′a•ble, adj. shock`a•bil′i•ty, n.

shock3

(ʃɒk)

n. 1. a thick, bushy mass, as of hair. adj. 2. shaggy, as hair. [1810–20]

shock

(shŏk)1. A life-threatening condition marked by a severe drop in blood pressure, resulting from serious injury or illness.2. An instance of the passage of an electric current through the body. The amount of injury caused by electric shock depends on the type and strength of the current, the length of time the current is applied, and the route the current takes once it enters the body.

shock

  • shock - An encounter between two charging hostile forces.
  • enfant terrible - Actually applies to young adults (generally male) who go out of their way to shock or embarrass but at the same time are considered talented.
  • perculsive - Describing something that gives you a shock.
  • ay, chihuahua - This interjection expresses surprise or shock—even dismay, annoyance, or resignation.

Shock

 pile or heap of sheaves of grain, wheat, rye, etc.; a bunch or bundle of things; a crowd of people; a lot of sixty pieces.Examples: shock of actors; of beans, 1862; of corns, 1584; of folks; of grain, 1584; of hair; of wheat, 1899.

Shock

 

See Also: CAUSE/EFFECT, SURPRISE

  1. As dazed as a man who has just been told he hasn’t long to live —Françoise Sagan
  2. Felt amazed, as if the clouds had blown away, as if the bare bones were finally visible —Louise Erdrich

    In Erdrich’s novel, The Beet Queen, the amazed feeling stems from a character’s realization that he is homosexual

  3. Felt as if I was being hit by a blast from a giant hair drier —Dominique Lapierre
  4. The first shock [of English society] is like a cold plunge —Robert Louis Stevenson
  5. He was white and shaken, like a dry martini —P. G. Wodehouse
  6. (Then the familiarity of the name … ) hit him like a contract cancellation —William Beechcroft
  7. [A brutal murder] shocked me and held onto me as if I’d shaken hands with a live wire —Jonathan Valin
  8. The shock … held everybody as in a still photo —Ray Bradbury
  9. The shock hit me like a fist under the ribs —David Brierly
  10. [Time awareness] shocking a douche of cold water —P. G. Wodehouse
  11. Shocking as the realization that you’re not invincible —Elyse Sommer
  12. Shocking realization … like a fist knocking the wind out of her —David Leavitt
  13. Shock [went through room] like the twang of a bow string —Iris Murdoch
  14. The shock numbed him out like a drug —George Garrett
  15. (She can) shock you like a lightning bolt at high noon —Aharon Megged
  16. Stunned … as if a good boxer had just caught me with a startling left hook and a stultifying right —Norman Mailer
  17. The sudden shock striking somewhere inside her chest like an electric bolt —William Styron

shock


Past participle: shocked
Gerund: shocking
Imperative
shock
shock
Present
I shock
you shock
he/she/it shocks
we shock
you shock
they shock
Preterite
I shocked
you shocked
he/she/it shocked
we shocked
you shocked
they shocked
Present Continuous
I am shocking
you are shocking
he/she/it is shocking
we are shocking
you are shocking
they are shocking
Present Perfect
I have shocked
you have shocked
he/she/it has shocked
we have shocked
you have shocked
they have shocked
Past Continuous
I was shocking
you were shocking
he/she/it was shocking
we were shocking
you were shocking
they were shocking
Past Perfect
I had shocked
you had shocked
he/she/it had shocked
we had shocked
you had shocked
they had shocked
Future
I will shock
you will shock
he/she/it will shock
we will shock
you will shock
they will shock
Future Perfect
I will have shocked
you will have shocked
he/she/it will have shocked
we will have shocked
you will have shocked
they will have shocked
Future Continuous
I will be shocking
you will be shocking
he/she/it will be shocking
we will be shocking
you will be shocking
they will be shocking
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been shocking
you have been shocking
he/she/it has been shocking
we have been shocking
you have been shocking
they have been shocking
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been shocking
you will have been shocking
he/she/it will have been shocking
we will have been shocking
you will have been shocking
they will have been shocking
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been shocking
you had been shocking
he/she/it had been shocking
we had been shocking
you had been shocking
they had been shocking
Conditional
I would shock
you would shock
he/she/it would shock
we would shock
you would shock
they would shock
Past Conditional
I would have shocked
you would have shocked
he/she/it would have shocked
we would have shocked
you would have shocked
they would have shocked

shock

The effect of lack of blood following an injury, including sudden lowering of blood pressure.

Shock

A number of bundles or armloads of stalks of grain such as wheat, oats, corn, or sorghum, set together vertically with the cut ends down. Such an arrangement allowed the stalks to dry and cure and kept the leaves pointed down to shed rain. Also, the act of making a shock.
Thesaurus
Noun1.shock - the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentallyshock - the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally; "his mother's death left him in a daze"; "he was numb with shock"daze, stuporstupefaction - a feeling of stupefied astonishment
2.shock - the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat; "the armies met in the shock of battle"impactfighting, combat, fight, scrap - the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; "a fight broke out at the hockey game"; "there was fighting in the streets"; "the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap"
3.shock - a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the bodyshock - a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body; "subjects received a small electric shock when they made the wrong response"; "electricians get accustomed to occasional shocks"electrical shock, electric shockinborn reflex, innate reflex, instinctive reflex, physiological reaction, reflex, reflex action, reflex response, unconditioned reflex - an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus
4.shock - (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor; "loss of blood is an important cause of shock"pathology - the branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseasescollapse, prostration - an abrupt failure of function or complete physical exhaustion; "the commander's prostration demoralized his men"cardiogenic shock - shock caused by cardiac arresthypovolemic shock - shock caused by severe blood or fluid lossobstructive shock - shock caused by obstruction of blood flowdistributive shock - shock caused by poor distribution of the blood flowinsulin reaction, insulin shock - hypoglycemia produced by excessive insulin in the system causing coma
5.shock - an instance of agitation of the earth's crust; "the first shock of the earthquake came shortly after noon while workers were at lunch"seismic disturbanceearthquake, quake, seism, temblor - shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity
6.shock - an unpleasant or disappointing surprise; "it came as a shock to learn that he was injured"blowsurprise - a sudden unexpected eventblip - a sudden minor shock or meaningless interruption; "the market had one bad blip today"; "you can't react to the day-to-day blips"; "renewed jitters in the wake of a blip in retail sales"
7.shock - a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field; "corn is bound in small sheaves and several sheaves are set up together in shocks"; "whole fields of wheat in shock"cumulation, heap, pile, agglomerate, cumulus, mound - a collection of objects laid on top of each other
8.shock - a bushy thick mass (especially hair); "he had an unruly shock of black hair"mass - an ill-structured collection of similar things (objects or people)
9.shock - a sudden jarring impactshock - a sudden jarring impact; "the door closed with a jolt"; "all the jars and jolts were smoothed out by the shock absorbers"jolt, jounce, jarblow, bump - an impact (as from a collision); "the bump threw him off the bicycle"
10.shock - a mechanical dampershock - a mechanical damper; absorbs energy of sudden impulses; "the old car needed a new set of shocks"cushion, shock absorberair spring, air cushion - a mechanical device using confined air to absorb the shock of motiondamper, muffler - a device that decreases the amplitude of electronic, mechanical, acoustical, or aerodynamic oscillationssuspension system, suspension - a mechanical system of springs or shock absorbers connecting the wheels and axles to the chassis of a wheeled vehicle
Verb1.shock - surprise greatlyshock - surprise greatly; knock someone's socks off; "I was floored when I heard that I was promoted"ball over, blow out of the water, floor, take abacksurprise - cause to be surprised; "The news really surprised me"galvanise, galvanize, startle - to stimulate to action ; "..startled him awake"; "galvanized into action"
2.shock - strike with disgust or revulsionshock - strike with disgust or revulsion; "The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends"appal, appall, outrage, scandalise, scandalize, offendchurn up, sicken, disgust, nauseate, revolt - cause aversion in; offend the moral sense of; "The pornographic pictures sickened us"
3.shock - strike with horror or terror; "The news of the bombing shocked her"alarm, horrify, appal, appall, dismay - fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised; "I was horrified at the thought of being late for my interview"; "The news of the executions horrified us"
4.shock - collide violentlyclash, collide - crash together with violent impact; "The cars collided"; "Two meteors clashed"
5.shock - collect or gather into shocks; "shock grain"gather, pull together, collect, garner - assemble or get together; "gather some stones"; "pull your thoughts together"
6.shock - subject to electrical shockscare for, treat - provide treatment for; "The doctor treated my broken leg"; "The nurses cared for the bomb victims"; "The patient must be treated right away or she will die"; "Treat the infection with antibiotics"galvanise, galvanize - stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock
7.shock - inflict a trauma upontraumatise, traumatizeinjure, wound - cause injuries or bodily harm to

shock

noun1. upset, blow, trauma, bombshell, turn (informal), distress, disturbance, consternation, whammy (informal, chiefly U.S.), state of shock, rude awakening, bolt from the blue, prostration The extent of the violence came as a shock.2. trauma, collapse, breakdown, daze, stupor, stupefaction He was found beaten and in shock.3. impact, blow, jolt, clash, encounter, bump, jarring, collision, jerk Steel barriers can bend and absorb the shock.4. start, scare, fright, turn, jolt It gave me quite a shock to see his face on the screen.5. mass, head, mop, tangle, cascade, thatch, mane a very old priest with a shock of white hairverb1. shake, stun, stagger, jar, shake up (informal), paralyse, numb, jolt, stupefy, shake out of your complacency Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.2. horrify, appal, disgust, outrage, offend, revolt, unsettle, sicken, agitate, disquiet, nauseate, raise someone's eyebrows, scandalize, gross out (U.S. slang), traumatize, give (someone) a turn (informal) They were easily shocked in those days.adjective1. surprise, surprising, unexpected, startling, unusual, extraordinary, remarkable, incredible, astonishing, astounding, jaw-dropping a shock defeatRelated words
fear hormephobia

shock 1

noun1. Violent forcible contact between two or more things:bump, collision, concussion, crash, impact, jar, jolt, percussion, smash.2. Something that jars the mind or emotions:blow, jolt.Psychiatry: trauma.verb1. To deprive of courage or the power to act as a result of fear, anxiety, or disgust:appall, consternate, daunt, dismay, horrify, shake.2. To affect with a strong feeling of moral aversion:scandalize.3. To inflict physical or mental injury or distress on:traumatize, wound.4. To cause to experience a sudden momentary shock:electrify, jolt, startle.

shock 2

nounA group of things gathered haphazardly:agglomeration, bank, cumulus, drift, heap, hill, mass, mess, mound, mountain, pile, stack, tumble.
Translations
休克打击电击震动震惊

shock1

(ʃok) noun1. a severe emotional disturbance. The news gave us all a shock. 震驚 震惊2. (often electric shock) the effect on the body of an electric current. He got a slight shock when he touched the live wire. 電擊 电击3. a sudden blow coming with great force. the shock of an earthquake. 強震 震动4. a medical condition caused by a severe mental or physical shock. He was suffering from shock after the crash. 休克 休克 verb to give a shock to; to upset or horrify. Everyone was shocked by his death; The amount of violence shown on television shocks me. 震驚 震惊ˈshocker noun a very unpleasant person or thing. This headache is a real shocker. 令人震驚的人或事 令人震惊的事或人ˈshocking adjective1. causing horror or dismay. shocking news. 令人震驚的 令人震惊的2. very bad. a shocking cold. 很糟的 很不好的ˈshockingly adverb1. very. shockingly expensive. 非常的 非常地2. very badly. It was shockingly made. 很糟地 很糟地ˈshock-absorber noun a device (in a motor car etc) for reducing the effect of bumps. 避震器 减震器

shock2

(ʃok) noun a bushy mass (of hair) on a person's head. 滿頭亂髮 乱蓬蓬的一堆(头发)

shock

休克zhCN, 打击zhCN

shock


be in for a shock

To be guaranteed to receive or experience an unexpectedly jarring outcome, especially a negative one. If you think being a parent is easy, then you're in for a shock! Mary's been so sheltered all her life that she'll be in for a shock when she has to start paying her own bills.See also: shock

culture shock

A sudden feeling of confusion or surprise when confronted by an unfamiliar situation or cultural environment. It is often a huge culture shock for American women traveling to the Middle East when they are expected to wear head scarves and be accompanied by a man at all times.See also: culture, shock

short sharp shock

A fast, severe punishment. Primarily heard in UK, Australia. He needs a short sharp shock to persuade him to change his ways and give up that life of crime.See also: sharp, shock, short

future shock

A sense of shock or anxiety experienced while trying to cope with rapid changes in society or technology. The phrase is attributed to American writer Alvin Toffler. I can't even imagine the future shock our grandparents' generation must feel with the breakneck pace of new technologies now.See also: future, shock

more than a little

Very; significantly. Usually said of a particular emotion. I'm more than a little disappointed that you won't be coming to the wedding, I must say. Tom is more than a little excited about starting his new job.See also: little, more

shock and awe

The use of shocking, impressive, or intimidating tactics in order to achieve a certain reaction from others. Sometimes hyphenated. It is by no means unusual for political candidates to use shock and awe in their ads to smear or discredit their opponents. The government's shock-and-awe campaign about the dangers of drunk driving was controversial, but it has reduced the number of roadside deaths by nearly 15%.See also: and, awe, shock

shock horror

Ironically used to indicate that something is not surprising or horrific in the slighted. The CEO's comments about women being better suited to raising children has led to—shock horror—a huge and scathing backlash against him across the internet. Shock horror, my kids weren't too keen to try my new kale and broccoli casserole.See also: horror, shock

short, sharp shock

1. A sudden and severe measure or punishment utilized to produce a quick and effective result. It is clear now that the policy of punishing young offenders with a short, sharp shock is much less effective than education and emotional training. The financial bailout was meant to be a short, sharp shock to the economy, but the country's sluggish recovery has meant it's been in place for far longer than intended.2. An experience that is brief but intense. Our latest recipe gives a short, sharp shock of flavor that dissipates into a more mellow, long-lasting taste.See also: sharp, shock

shell shock

1. dated Intense psychological damage or strain occurring as the result of prolonged combat engagement in warfare, resulting in myriad negative side effects such as nightmares, anxiety, emotional detachment, anger, and so on. The term was popularized during the First World War in reference to soldiers returning from combat; it is known in modern times as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and has expanded to cover the psychological damage caused by any kind of traumatic event. My brother came home with such terrible shell shock that I could no longer even converse with him as I had in the past. When you come back home with PTSD that doesn't line up with what they think shell shock ought to look like, it makes it hard for them to sympathize with you.2. By extension, a state of utter disbelief, confusion, grief, or shock caused by a powerful and upsetting event. The family has been dealing with shell shock after finding out their father had gambled away their life savings. The fans seemed to be stricken with shell shock after their team—heavily favored to win the championship—were robbed of victory in the final seconds of the game.See also: shell, shock

shell-shocked

1. In a state of intense psychological strain, distress, or trauma as a result of prolonged engagement in combat warfare. The term was popularized during the First World War in reference to soldiers returning from combat; it is more commonly known in modern times as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and has expanded to cover the psychological damage caused by any kind of traumatic event. My brother was lucky enough to come home from the war alive, but he was shell-shocked for the rest of his life. You come back from war a little bit more cynical, a little less inclined to smile, and everyone immediately thinks you're shell-shocked.2. In a state of utter disbelief, confusion, grief, or shock caused by a powerful and upsetting event. The family has been dealing with shell shock after finding out their father had gambled away their life savings. The fans seemed to be stricken with shell shock after their team—heavily favored to win the championship—were robbed of victory in the final seconds of the game.

shocks

The shock absorbers in a piece of machinery, especially a motor vehicle. The shocks are totally worn out on this old dirt bike. Whoever owned it last, they certainly weren't afraid of rough terrain. There must be a problem with the shocks, because I can feel every single bump in the road!See also: shock

sticker shock

Shock or disappointment upon discovering that something costs much more than one expected or imagined. The "sticker" refers to the price tag. It was my first time ever having to replace a boiler, so I had quite the sticker shock when I learned how much a brand-new one would cost. My dad said he would buy me a car for my birthday, but I think he got a bit of sticker shock when we went down to the dealership.See also: shock, sticker

the shock of (one's) life

An extreme and sudden sensation of shock, surprise, or fear. Often used after the verbs "get" or "give." Seeing the car swerve right in front of her gave Mary the shock of her life. I got the shock of my life when I noticed someone standing right behind me. Little did he know that he was in for the shock of his life when he crossed the threshold of the old mansion.See also: life, of, shock

*the shock of one's life

Fig. a serious (emotional) shock. (*Typically: get ~; have ~; give one ~.) I opened the telegram and got the shock of my life. I had the shock of my life when I won $5,000.See also: life, of, shock

culture shock

A state of confusion and anxiety experienced by someone upon encountering an alien environment. For example, It's not just jet lag-it's the culture shock of being in a new country. This term was first used by social scientists to describe, for example, the experience of a person moving from the country to a big city. It is now used more loosely, as in the example. [Late 1930s] See also: culture, shock

a short, sharp shock

BRITISHA short, sharp shock is a punishment that is severe but only lasts for a short time. Many parents believe that a short sharp shock is at times necessary for naughty children.See also: sharp, shock

shock horror

INFORMALPeople say shock horror to show that they are aware that people might be shocked or surprised by something they say. I felt intellectually superior despite — shock horror — my lack of qualifications. I even, shock horror, like the smell of fresh sweat on a woman. Note: This expression is used humorously. See also: horror, shock

future shock

a state of distress or disorientation due to rapid social or technological change. This phrase was coined by the American writer Alvin Toffler ( 1928–2016 ) in Horizon ( 1965 ), where he defines it as ‘the dizzying disorientation brought on by the premature arrival of the future’.See also: future, shock

shock and awe

a name given to a US military strategy, developed in the 1990s, that relies on rapidly deployed overwhelming force to cow an enemy.See also: and, awe, shock

shock horror

used as an ironically exaggerated reaction to something shocking. The expression encapsulates the hyperbole of newspaper headlines, especially those in tabloid papers. 2003 Film Inside Out She encourages one of the girls to consider a career in law—shock horror! – rather than deny her intellect and settle for homemaking. See also: horror, shock

short, sharp shock

1 a brief but harsh custodial sentence imposed on offenders in an attempt to discourage them from committing further offences. 2 a severe measure taken in order to effect quick results. The Home Secretary William Whitelaw advocated the short sharp shock as a form of corrective treatment for young offenders at the 1979 Conservative Party Conference; the deterrent value of such a regime was to be its severity rather than the length of time served.See also: sharp, shock

more than a little exˈcited, ˈshocked, etc.

quite or very excited, shocked, etc: Peter was more than a little disappointed not to be chosen for the team.I was more than a little surprised to see it still there two days later.See also: little, more

ˌshock ˈhorror

(British English, informal, often humorous) used when you pretend to be shocked by something that is not really very serious or surprising: Shock horror! You’re actually on time for once!See also: horror, shock

shocks

n. shock absorbers in an automobile. How much is a set of shocks for a buggy like this? See also: shock

sticker shock

n. the shock at seeing just how much something new, usually an automobile, costs as determined by looking at the price tag or sticker. I went to a car dealer today, and I am still suffering from sticker shock. See also: shock, sticker

sticker shock

Surprise at the high cost of an item. The term originated in the 1970s when government regulations substantially increased the cost of automobiles. It was soon transferred to any item or service regarded as unusually expensive. For example, “I had a case of sticker shock when I learned the annual cost of club membership exceeded $1,000.” See also: shock, sticker

shell shock

Psychological adverse reaction to combat. The phrase originated during World War I when intensive enemy artillery bombarding caused soldiers in the trenches to suffer from a variety of traumas that ranged from moderate panic attacks to physical and emotional paralysis. Changes in warfare and psychological lingo caused the phrase to be replaced during the Second World War by “battle fatigue” and more recently to “posttraumatic stress disorder.”See also: shell, shock

shock


shock,

any condition in which the circulatory systemcirculatory system,
group of organs that transport blood and the substances it carries to and from all parts of the body. The circulatory system can be considered as composed of two parts: the systemic circulation, which serves the body as a whole except for the lungs, and the
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 is unable to provide adequate circulation to the body tissues, also called circulatory failure or circulatory collapse. Shock results in the slowing of vital functions and in severe cases, if untreated, in death. It may be caused by inadequate pumping by the heart, by reduction of the blood volume due to dehydration or to loss of blood or plasma, or by reduced blood pressure resulting from dilation of the blood vessels. Inadequate pumping may occur as a result of various kinds of heart disease. Blood loss may result from injuries or from such internal conditions as bleeding ulcers. Burns produce extensive plasma loss from blood vessels into the burned area; crush injuries may result in loss of blood and plasma into the injured tissues. Dilation of blood vessels may be caused by injury to the nervous system, or by pain or emotional stress. Faintingfainting
or syncope
, temporary loss of consciousness caused by an insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain. It can be concurrent with any serious disease or condition, such as heart failure, hypertension (high blood pressure), arrhythmia, hemorrhage, injury to the
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 is a form of shock brought about by a sudden reduction of the blood supply to the brain. Symptoms of shock include weakness, pallor, cold and moist skin, and thirst. The arterial blood pressure is reduced, the pulse is weak and rapid, and the surface veins of the limbs may collapse. Emergency aid for shock victims includes maintaining a clear breathing passage, administering oxygen, controlling bleeding, and keeping the patient warm and in a supine position with legs elevated. Therapy may include blood or plasma transfusion to restore the normal circulation, as well as treatment of the underlying cause of shock. The term shock is also applied to a variety of other conditions such as electric shockelectric shock,
effect of the passage of a current of electricity through the body. Fatality may result from shocks of from 1 to 2 amperes and 500 to 1,000 volts. However, the effect of electric shock on the body depends not only on the strength of the current, but on such
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, allergic shock (see anaphylaxisanaphylaxis
, hypersensitive state that may develop after introduction of a foreign protein or other antigen into the body tissues. When an anaphylactic state exists, a second dose of the same protein (commonly an antibiotic such as penicillin, or certain insect venoms) will
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), and emotional shock. See first aidfirst aid,
immediate and temporary treatment of a victim of sudden illness or injury while awaiting the arrival of medical aid. Proper early measures may be instrumental in saving life and ensuring a better and more rapid recovery.
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.

Shock

 

a packed conical pile of hay or straw, usually put together where the harvesting takes place. The hay is collected from the fellings when they have a moisture content of 25 to 40 percent and is dried completely in shocks over a period of two to three days. Then the hay shocks are stacked into ricks in the open field, under an awning, or in a barn. About 0.75–2 centners are used to make a rick in areas with a damp climate, and about 2.5–4 centners in dry areas. Hay bucks and harvester-stackers are used to collect the hay into shocks. Gathering straw into a shock is done simultaneously with the combine harvesting of cereals; for this operation the combines are equipped with straw collectors.


Shock

 

a sudden life-threatening condition resulting from severe injury and characterized by progressive impairment of all the physiological systems of the body. The main characteristic of shock is the failure of capillary circulation in the tissues owing to impairment of cardiac output and arterial and venous tonus, capillary dysfunction, and changes in the rheological properties of blood. Shock can be brought on by an injury, burns, surgery (traumatic shock, burn shock, surgical shock), incompatible blood transfusion (hemolytic shock), anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock), functional cardiac disorders (cardiogenic shock), ischemia of tissues and organs, and excessive loss of blood. The condition was described in detail by the French surgeon H. F. Ledran (1737) and by the Russian physician N. I. Pirogov (1870), who described the symptoms of the erectile phase (brief transient excitement) and torpid phase (subsequent sharp functional inhibition) of shock. The clinical manifestations of shock vary considerably. Progressively increasing extreme weakness and a progressive drop in blood pressure are the most characteristic.

Many aspects of the mechanisms underlying the development of shock still remain unclear. From the neuroreflex viewpoint, the various dysfunctions are due to numerous pain impulses that produce sharp excitation and subsequent inhibition of the nervous system, including the vital centers of the medulla oblongata. From the hemodynamic viewpoint, the decrease in the volume of circulating blood, which leads to peripheral circulatory insufficiency, is the principal factor. From the toxemic viewpoint, shock is caused by the entry into the blood of biologically active substances of tissue origin that interfere with the local and systemic blood flow. It is reasonable to assume that each of these factors plays a part: the primary abrupt activation of the central nervous system by extreme nerve impulses (or toxic substances) increases the amount of catecholamines released into the blood, causing a redistribution of the volume of circulating blood—spasms of the blood vessels of the skin, muscles, kidneys, and abdominal cavity accompanied by the increased flow of blood through arteriovenous anastomoses with maintenance of the circulation in the heart and brain (centralization of the circulation). This period of shock is clinically manifested by pallor and clamminess of the skin, contraction of the pupils, cold perspiration on the face, decreased urine flow, and moderately rapid breathing. The blood pressure is normal or slightly lowered.

“Centralization” of the circulation under conditions of extremely severe and prolonged injury becomes the principal mechanism of circulatory failure and further aggravation of the patient’s condition. The decreased flow of blood to the tissues leads to the accumulation of the products of anaerobic metabolism, biogenic amines, kinins, and other substances. Upon entering the bloodstream, these products, along with other humoral factors, such as increased concentration of some hormones and reduced partial pressure of oxygen, further disrupt the regulatory functions of the nervous system.

The chief factors in the pathogenesis of shock in its late stages are hypoxia, decreased vascular tonus, dysfunction of the tissue microcirculation, and gross derangement of cell metabolism, which results in injury to the cell membranes. The transfer of intravascular fluid to the tissues causes a decrease in the volume of circulating blood. This stage is marked by cyanosis, rapid pulse, lowered blood pressure, and dilatation and slow reaction of the pupils.

The subsequent stage of shock is complicated by congestion in small blood vessels, intravascular agglutination of the erythrocytes, decreased blood flow to the heart, acute cardiac insufficiency, and functional impairment of the vital organs. This stage is clinically manifested by gray cyanosis, thready pulse, abrupt drop in blood pressure, rapid, shallow breathing, dilatation of the pupils, and unconsciousness.

In cases of shock, emergency therapeutic measures are undertaken, chosen according to the cause of the shock, stage of its development, and severity of the patient’s condition. Other measures include the administration of pain relievers, keeping the patient warm, the transfusion of blood and blood substitutes, the administration of oxygen, and the injection of hormones, vitamins, and cardiovascular and other agents.

The term “shock” is also applied to persons in an unusual mental state or persons with severe emotional disturbances (mental, or emotional, shock).

REFERENCES

“Problemy reaktivnosti i shoka.” Trudy 1-i Vsesoiuznoi konferentsii patofiziologov. Moscow, 1952.
Petrov, I. R., and G. Sh. Vasadze. Neobratimye izmeneniia pri shoke i krovopotere. Leningrad, 1966.
Weil, M. H., and H. Shubin. Moscow, 1971. Diagnostika i lechenie shoka. (Translated from English.)
Cannon, W. B. Traumatic Shock. New York-London, 1923.
Shires, G. T. Shock. Philadelphia, 1973.

S. A. DOLINA and T. M. OKSMAN

shock

[′shäk] (mechanics) A pulse or transient motion or force lasting thousandths to tenths of a second which is capable of exciting mechanical resonances; for example, a blast produced by explosives. (medicine) Clinical manifestations of circulatory insufficiency, including hypotension, weak pulse, tachycardia, pallor, and diminished urinary output.

shock

Pathol a state of bodily collapse or near collapse caused by circulatory failure or sudden lowering of the blood pressure, as from severe bleeding, burns, fright, etc.

shock


Shock

 

Definition

Shock is a medical emergency in which the organs and tissues of the body are not receiving an adequate flow of blood. This deprives the organs and tissues of oxygen (carried in the blood) and allows the buildup of waste products. Shock can result in serious damage or even death.

Description

There are three stages of shock: Stage I (also called compensated, or nonprogressive), Stage II (also called decompensated or progressive), and Stage III (also called irreversible).In Stage I of shock, when low blood flow (perfusion) is first detected, a number of systems are activated in order to maintain/restore perfusion. The result is that the heart beats faster, the blood vessels throughout the body become slightly smaller in diameter, and the kidney works to retain fluid in the circulatory system. All this serves to maximize blood flow to the most important organs and systems in the body. The patient in this stage of shock has very few symptoms, and treatment can completely halt any progression.In Stage II of shock, these methods of compensation begin to fail. The systems of the body are unable to improve perfusion any longer, and the patient's symptoms reflect that fact. Oxygen deprivation in the brain causes the patient to become confused and disoriented, while oxygen deprivation in the heart may cause chest pain. With quick and appropriate treatment, this stage of shock can be reversed.In Stage III of shock, the length of time that poor perfusion has existed begins to take a permanent toll on the body's organs and tissues. The heart's functioning continues to spiral downward, and the kidneys usually shut down completely. Cells in organs and tissues throughout the body are injured and dying. The endpoint of Stage III shock is the patient's death.

Causes and symptoms

Shock is caused by three major categories of problems: cardiogenic (meaning problems associated with the heart's functioning); hypovolemic (meaning that the total volume of blood available to circulate is low); and septic shock (caused by overwhelming infection, usually by bacteria).Cardiogenic shock can be caused by any disease, or event, which prevents the heart muscle from pumping strongly and consistently enough to circulate the blood normally. Heart attack, conditions which cause inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), disturbances of the electrical rhythm of the heart, any kind of mass or fluid accumulation and/or blood clot which interferes with flow out of the heart can all significantly affect the heart's ability to adequately pump a normal quantity of blood.Hypovolemic shock occurs when the total volume of blood in the body falls well below normal. This can occur when there is excess fluid loss, as in dehydration due to severe vomiting or diarrhea, diseases which cause excess urination (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, and kidney failure), extensive burns, blockage in the intestine, inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), or severe bleeding of any kind.Septic shock can occur when an untreated or inadequately treated infection (usually bacterial) is allowed to progress. Bacteria often produce poisonous chemicals (toxins) which can cause injury throughout the body. When large quantities of these bacteria, and their toxins, begin circulating in the bloodstream, every organ and tissue in the body is at risk of their damaging effects. The most damaging consequences of these bacteria and toxins include poor functioning of the heart muscle; widening of the diameter of the blood vessels; a drop in blood pressure; activation of the blood clotting system, causing blood clots, followed by a risk of uncontrollable bleeding; damage to the lungs, causing acute respiratory distress syndrome; liver failure; kidney failure; and coma.Initial symptoms of shock include cold, clammy hands and feet; pale or blue-tinged skin tone; weak, fast pulse rate; fast rate of breathing; low blood pressure. A variety of other symptoms may be present, but they are dependent on the underlying cause of shock.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of shock is based on the patient's symptoms, as well as criteria including a significant drop in blood pressure, extremely low urine output, and blood tests that reveal overly acidic blood with a low circulating concentration of carbon dioxide. Other tests are performed, as appropriate, to try to determine the underlying condition responsible for the patient's state of shock.

Treatment

The most important goals in the treatment of shock include: quickly diagnosing the patient's state of shock; quickly intervening to halt the underlying condition (stopping bleeding, re-starting the heart, giving antibiotics to combat an infection, etc.); treating the effects of shock (low oxygen, increased acid in the blood, activation of the blood clotting system); and supporting vital functions (blood pressure, urine flow, heart function).Treatment includes keeping the patient warm, with legs raised and head down to improve blood flow to the brain, putting a needle in a vein in order to give fluids or blood transfusions, as necessary; giving the patient extra oxygen to breathe and medications to improve the heart's functioning; and treating the underlying condition which led to shock.

Prognosis

The prognosis of an individual patient in shock depends on the stage of shock when treatment was begun, the underlying condition causing shock, and the general medical state of the patient.

Prevention

The most preventable type of shock is caused by dehydration during illnesses with severe vomiting or diarrhea. Shock can be avoided by recognizing that a patient who is unable to drink in order to replace lost fluids needs to be given fluids intravenously (through a needle in a vein). Other types of shock are only preventable insofar as one can prevent their underlying conditions, or can monitor and manage those conditions well enough so that they never progress to the point of shock.

Resources

Periodicals

Kerasote, Ted. "After Shock: Recognizing and Treating Shock." Sports Afield 217 (May 1997): 60+.

Key terms

Cardiogenic — Originating with the heart.Deprivation — A condition of having too little of something.Hypovolemic — Having a low volume.Perfusion — Blood flow through an organ or tissue.Sepsis — An overwhelming infection throughout the body, usually caused by bacteria in the bloodstream.

shock

 [shok] 1. a sudden disturbance of mental equilibrium.2. a condition of acute peripheral circulatory failure due to derangement of circulatory control or loss of circulating fluid. It is marked by hypotension and coldness of the skin, and often by tachycardia and anxiety. Untreated shock can be fatal. Called also circulatory collapse.
Mechanisms of Circulatory Shock. The essentials of shock are easier to understand if the circulatory system is thought of as a four-part mechanical device made up of a pump (the heart), a complex system of flexible tubes (the blood vessels), a circulating fluid (the blood), and a fine regulating system or “computer” (the nervous system) designed to control fluid flow and pressure. The diameter of the blood vessels is controlled by impulses from the nervous system which cause the muscular walls to contract. The nervous system also affects the rapidity and strength of the heartbeat, and thereby the blood pressure as well.

Shock, which is associated with a dangerously low blood pressure, can be produced by factors that attack the strength of the heart as a pump, decrease the volume of the blood in the system, or permit the blood vessels to increase in diameter.
Types of Circulatory Shock. There are five main types: Hypovolemic (low-volume) shock occurs whenever there is insufficient blood to fill the circulatory system. Neurogenic shock is due to disorders of the nervous system. Anaphylactic (allergic) shock and septic shock are both due to reactions that impair the muscular functioning of the blood vessels. And cardiogenic shock is caused by impaired function of the heart.Hypovolemic (Low-Volume) Shock. This is a common type that happens when blood or plasma is lost in such quantities that the remaining blood cannot fill the circulatory system despite constriction of the blood vessels. The blood loss may be external, as when a vessel is severed by an injury, or the blood may be “lost” into spaces inside the body where it is no longer accessible to the circulatory system, as in severe gastrointestinal bleeding from ulcers, fractures of large bones with hemorrhage into surrounding tissues, or major burns that attract large quantities of blood fluids to the burn site outside blood vessels and capillaries. The treatment of hypovolemic shock requires replacement of the lost volume.Neurogenic Shock. This type, often accompanied by fainting, may be brought on by severe pain, fright, unpleasant sights, or other strong stimuli that overwhelm the usual regulatory capacity of the nervous system. The diameter of the blood vessels increases, the heart slows, and the blood pressure falls to the point where the supply of oxygen carried by the blood to the brain is insufficient, which can bring on fainting. Placing the head lower than the body is usually sufficient to relieve this form of shock.Anaphylactic (Allergic) Shock. This type (see also anaphylaxis) is a rare phenomenon that occurs when a person receives an injection of a foreign protein but is highly sensitive to it. The blood vessels and other tissues are affected directly by the allergic reaction. Within a few minutes, the blood pressure falls and severe dyspnea develops. The sudden deaths that in rare cases follow bee stings or injection of certain medicines are due to anaphylactic reactions.Septic Shock. This type, resulting from bacterial infection, is being recognized with increasing frequency. Certain organisms contain a toxin that seems to act on the blood vessels when it is released into the bloodstream. The blood eventually pools within parts of the circulatory system that expand easily, causing the blood pressure to drop sharply. Gram-negative shock is a form of septic shock due to infection with gram-negative bacteria.Cardiogenic Shock. This type may be caused by conditions that interfere with the function of the heart as a pump, such as severe myocardial infarction, severe heart failure, and certain disorders of rate and rhythm.Pathogenesis of shock. (ARDS = adult respiratory distress syndrome, GI = gastrointestinal, IL = interleukin, TNF = tumor necrosis factor.) From Damjanov, 2000.
anaphylactic shock see anaphylactic shock.cardiogenic shock shock resulting from primary failure of the heart in its pumping function, as in myocardial infarction, severe cardiomyopathy, or mechanical obstruction or compression of the heart; clinical characteristics are similar to those of hypovolemic shock.colloidoclastic shock colloidoclasia.cultural shock feelings of helplessness and discomfort experienced by an outsider attempting to comprehend or effectively adapt to a different cultural group or unfamiliar cultural context.electric shock see electric shock.hypovolemic shock shock resulting from insufficient blood volume for the maintenance of adequate cardiac output, blood pressure, and tissue perfusion. Without modification the term refers to absolute hypovolemic shock caused by acute hemorrhage or excessive fluid loss. Relative hypovolemic shock refers to a situation in which the blood volume is normal but insufficient because of widespread vasodilation as in neurogenic shock or septic shock. Clinical characteristics include hypotension; hyperventilation; cold, clammy, cyanotic skin; a weak and rapid pulse; oliguria; and mental confusion, combativeness, or anxiety.insulin shock a hypoglycemic reaction to overdosage of insulin, a skipped meal, or strenuous exercise in an insulin-dependent diabetic, with tremor, dizziness, cool moist skin, hunger, and tachycardia; if untreated it may progress to coma and convulsions.respirator shock circulatory shock due to interference with the flow of blood through the great vessels and chambers of the heart, causing pooling of blood in the veins and the abdominal organs and a resultant vascular collapse. The condition sometimes occurs as a result of increased intrathoracic pressure in patients who are being maintained on a mechanical ventilator.septic shock shock associated with overwhelming infection, usually by gram-negative bacteria, although it may be produced by other bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It is thought to result from the action of endotoxins or other products of the infectious agent on the vascular system causing large volumes of blood to be sequestered in the capillaries and veins; activation of the complement and kinin systems and the release of histamine, cytokines, prostaglandins, and other mediators may be involved. Clinical characteristics include initial chills and fever, warm flushed skin, increased cardiac output, and a lesser degree of hypotension than with hypovolemic shock; if therapy is ineffective, it may progress to the clinical picture associated with hypovolemic shock.shell shock old term for posttraumatic stress disorder.spinal shock the loss of spinal reflexes after injury of the spinal cord that appears in the muscles innervated by the cord segments situated below the site of the lesion.

shock

(shok), 1. The condition in which the cells of the body receive inadequate amounts of oxygen secondary to changes in perfusion; most commonly secondary to blood loss or sepsis. 2. A sudden physical or biochemical disturbance that results in inadequate blood flow and oxygenation of an animal's vital organs. 3. A state of profound mental and physical depression consequent to severe physical injury or to emotional disturbance. 4. A state characterized by inadequacy of blood flow throughout the body to the extent that damage occurs to the cells of the tissues; if the shock is prolonged, the cardiovascular system itself becomes damaged and begins to deteriorate, resulting in a vicious cycle that leads to death. [Fr. choc, fr. Germanic]

shock

(shŏk)n.1. A massive, acute physiological reaction usually to physical trauma, infection, or allergy, characterized by a marked loss of blood pressure, resulting in a diminished blood flow to body tissues and a rapid heart rate.2. The sensation and muscular spasm caused by an electric current passing through the body or a body part.v. shocked, shocking, shocks v.tr.1. To induce a state of physical shock in (an animal or person).2. a. To subject (an animal or person) to an electric shock.b. To administer electric current to (a patient) to treat cardiac arrest or life-threatening arrhythmias.c. To administer electroconvulsive therapy to (a patient).

SHOCK

Cardiology A clinical trial–Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic shock comparing the efficacy of emergency revascularization and initial medical stabilization in managing Pts with MI complicated by cardiogenic shock. See Cardiogenic shock.

shock

A condition characterized by signs and Sx due to a cardiac output below that required to fill the arteries with blood of sufficient pressure to adequately perfuse organs and tissue Clinical Hypotension, poor peripheral perfusion, hyperventilation, tachycardia, oliguria, cyanosis, mental clouding, a sense of great anxiety and foreboding, confusion and, sometimes, combativeness Causes Trauma with major multiorgan system injury, septicemia, fluid loss–blood or intractible diarrhea, burns, high voltage electric current, abrupt loss of myocardial activity Classification Based on related mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction–pump failure, ↓ volume–loss of blood or extracellular fluid or changes in arterial resistance or venous capacity Pathogenesis Shock activates sympathetic nervous system via the carotic and aortic baroreceptors, ↑ catecholamines, vasoconstriction of 'non-essential' organs–intestine, kidneys, skin to maintain blood flow to vital organs–heart and brain; with time, hypotension becomes irreversible. See Anaphylactic shock, Bacteremic shock, Calcium shock, Cardiogenic shock, Cardiopulmonary obstructive shock, Culture shock, Heat shock, Hypotension, Hypovolemic shock, Insulin shock, Psychologic shock, Refractory septic shock, Septic shock, Spinal shock.

shock

(shok) 1. A sudden physical or mental disturbance. 2. A state of profound mental and physical depression consequent upon severe physical injury or an emotional disturbance. 3. A severe disturbance of hemodynamics in which the circulatory system fails to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs; may be due to reduction of blood volume (hemorrhage, dehydration), cardiac failure, or dilation of the vascular system in toxemia or septicemia. 4. The abnormally palpable impact, appreciated by a hand on the chest wall, of an accentuated heart sound. [Fr. choc, fr. Germanic]

shock

1. A syndrome featuring low blood pressure, a prejudiced blood supply to important organs such as the brain and heart, and low kidney output. Causes of shock include severe blood loss, burns, severe infection, allergy, heart damage from CORONARY THROMBOSIS and head injury. Untreated shock may be rapidly fatal. The main element in treatment is the rapid restoration of the circulating blood volume by transfusion and the use of the drug VASOPRESSIN to help to maintain the blood pressure. 2. A temporary state of psychological overburdening from severe mental distress, often associate with stupefaction.

shock

(shok) 1. State in which cells of body receive inadequate amounts of oxygen secondary to changes in perfusion; most commonly due to blood loss or sepsis. 2. Sudden physical or biochemical disturbance that results in inadequate blood flow and oxygenation of an animal's vital organs. 3. State of profound mental and physical depression consequent to severe physical injury or to emotional disturbance. [Fr. choc, fr. Germanic]

Patient discussion about shock

Q. SHOCK-WHAT IS IT? clinical anaphylactic shockA. shock is when the fluid volume in the blood decreases to a dangerous amount. then the body "panics" because most of the organs don't get oxygen and don't remove carbon dioxide and die. so the body start to shut down "unnecessary" organ's blood flow. like skin and such.
this is death closing in on you in minutes.

Q. I was shocked to note that vaccination in the children could cause autism too. Is that true? Very recently I have delivered a cute male baby and I could see a change in me after my delivery in the sense that I always think about him. My sister’s son who is 5 years old is diagnosed with Autism and I just can’t see the sufferings of my sister with him. She experiences difficulty in almost all dealings with him right from brushing, giving bah and making him to study….etc. Now I fear that my son should not get in to autism although I know that this is too early to think about disorder in my son. But as my sister’s son got in to this disorder, this has affected me a lot. Hope you can understand my feelings towards my baby. When I browsed through the net, I was shocked to note that vaccination in the children could cause autism too. Is that true? Can I get some idea…..A. Hey! I appreciate your care for the new born. But to be honest, fearing at this stage will only trouble you and your baby in the sense that your emotions could catch your baby especially when you breast feed. I want you to be cheerful so as to bring up a healthy child. The signs of autism in the new born are something which should not be thought about at this stage. All you may have to think is to bring up him nicely without any disease. As regards vaccinations that could create autism in children, there is no proof that a vaccine causes Autism. It is only a belief and all the children are vaccinated and not all get autism. It is not a fair idea to suspect vaccination as vaccinations are administered in a new born child after carrying out the necessary tests.

Q. Is electric shock efficient for ocd? Is it dangerous? My husband has OCD for 15 years now. He was also diagnosed with mania-depressia. He takes so many medications and nothing really helps. We were offered to try electric shock and I'm scared. Is it dangerous? What are the chances of this method to work for him?A. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is indeed considered effective for OCD, although it's not the first line of treatment. It does have its risks, including memory loss, disorientation and sort of confusion. There is also a change in the activity of the heart but it's rarely significant.
Generally it can be said that it's not an absolutely safe treatment, but it may help, especially if other drugs don't help.
You may read more here:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003324.htm

More discussions about shock

SHOCK


AcronymDefinition
SHOCKSpirit Hunters of Central Kentucky (est. 2007)

shock


Related to shock: septic shock, hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock
  • all
  • noun
  • verb
  • adj

Synonyms for shock

noun upset

Synonyms

  • upset
  • blow
  • trauma
  • bombshell
  • turn
  • distress
  • disturbance
  • consternation
  • whammy
  • state of shock
  • rude awakening
  • bolt from the blue
  • prostration

noun trauma

Synonyms

  • trauma
  • collapse
  • breakdown
  • daze
  • stupor
  • stupefaction

noun impact

Synonyms

  • impact
  • blow
  • jolt
  • clash
  • encounter
  • bump
  • jarring
  • collision
  • jerk

noun start

Synonyms

  • start
  • scare
  • fright
  • turn
  • jolt

noun mass

Synonyms

  • mass
  • head
  • mop
  • tangle
  • cascade
  • thatch
  • mane

verb shake

Synonyms

  • shake
  • stun
  • stagger
  • jar
  • shake up
  • paralyse
  • numb
  • jolt
  • stupefy
  • shake out of your complacency

verb horrify

Synonyms

  • horrify
  • appal
  • disgust
  • outrage
  • offend
  • revolt
  • unsettle
  • sicken
  • agitate
  • disquiet
  • nauseate
  • raise someone's eyebrows
  • scandalize
  • gross out
  • traumatize
  • give (someone) a turn

adj surprise

Synonyms

  • surprise
  • surprising
  • unexpected
  • startling
  • unusual
  • extraordinary
  • remarkable
  • incredible
  • astonishing
  • astounding
  • jaw-dropping

Synonyms for shock

noun violent forcible contact between two or more things

Synonyms

  • bump
  • collision
  • concussion
  • crash
  • impact
  • jar
  • jolt
  • percussion
  • smash

noun something that jars the mind or emotions

Synonyms

  • blow
  • jolt
  • trauma

verb to deprive of courage or the power to act as a result of fear, anxiety, or disgust

Synonyms

  • appall
  • consternate
  • daunt
  • dismay
  • horrify
  • shake

verb to affect with a strong feeling of moral aversion

Synonyms

  • scandalize

verb to inflict physical or mental injury or distress on

Synonyms

  • traumatize
  • wound

verb to cause to experience a sudden momentary shock

Synonyms

  • electrify
  • jolt
  • startle

noun a group of things gathered haphazardly

Synonyms

  • agglomeration
  • bank
  • cumulus
  • drift
  • heap
  • hill
  • mass
  • mess
  • mound
  • mountain
  • pile
  • stack
  • tumble

Synonyms for shock

noun the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally

Synonyms

  • daze
  • stupor

Related Words

  • stupefaction

noun the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat

Synonyms

  • impact

Related Words

  • fighting
  • combat
  • fight
  • scrap

noun a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body

Synonyms

  • electrical shock
  • electric shock

Related Words

  • inborn reflex
  • innate reflex
  • instinctive reflex
  • physiological reaction
  • reflex
  • reflex action
  • reflex response
  • unconditioned reflex

noun (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells

Related Words

  • pathology
  • collapse
  • prostration
  • cardiogenic shock
  • hypovolemic shock
  • obstructive shock
  • distributive shock
  • insulin reaction
  • insulin shock

noun an instance of agitation of the earth's crust

Synonyms

  • seismic disturbance

Related Words

  • earthquake
  • quake
  • seism
  • temblor

noun an unpleasant or disappointing surprise

Synonyms

  • blow

Related Words

  • surprise
  • blip

noun a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry

Related Words

  • cumulation
  • heap
  • pile
  • agglomerate
  • cumulus
  • mound

noun a bushy thick mass (especially hair)

Related Words

  • mass

noun a sudden jarring impact

Synonyms

  • jolt
  • jounce
  • jar

Related Words

  • blow
  • bump

noun a mechanical damper

Synonyms

  • cushion
  • shock absorber

Related Words

  • air spring
  • air cushion
  • damper
  • muffler
  • suspension system
  • suspension

verb surprise greatly

Synonyms

  • ball over
  • blow out of the water
  • floor
  • take aback

Related Words

  • surprise
  • galvanise
  • galvanize
  • startle

verb strike with disgust or revulsion

Synonyms

  • appal
  • appall
  • outrage
  • scandalise
  • scandalize
  • offend

Related Words

  • churn up
  • sicken
  • disgust
  • nauseate
  • revolt

verb strike with horror or terror

Related Words

  • alarm
  • horrify
  • appal
  • appall
  • dismay

verb collide violently

Related Words

  • clash
  • collide

verb collect or gather into shocks

Related Words

  • gather
  • pull together
  • collect
  • garner

verb subject to electrical shocks

Related Words

  • care for
  • treat
  • galvanise
  • galvanize

verb inflict a trauma upon

Synonyms

  • traumatise
  • traumatize

Related Words

  • injure
  • wound
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