Born Oct. 22, 1844, in Paris; died there Mar. 26, 1923. French actress.

Bernhardt graduated from the drama class of the Paris Conservatoire in 1862 and worked in the following theaters: Comédie Française, Gymnase, Porte-Saint-Martin, and Odéon. In 1893 she acquired the Théâtre de la Renaissance and in 1898 a theater on the Place du Châtelet, which received the name Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt. Many outstanding figures in the theater—for example, K. S. Stanislavsky—considered Bernhardt’s artistry to be a model of technical perfection. However, virtuoso craftsmanship, refined technique, and artistic taste were combined in Bernhardt with a studied, affected quality and a certain artificiality in her acting.

Among Bernhardt’s best roles were the following: Doña Sol (Hugo’s Hernani), Marguérite Gautier (La Dame aux camélias by Dumas fils), Theodora (in Sardou’s play of that name), the Dream Princess (in Rostand’s play of that name), the Duke of Reichstadt (in Rostand’s L’Aiglon), Hamlet (Shakespeare’s tragedy of the same name), and Lorenzaccio (Musset’s play of that name). Beginning in the 1880’s, Bernhardt toured many countries in Europe and America, in addition to appearing in Russia (1881, 1892, and 1908–09). In 1922 she retired from the stage.