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单词 physostigmine
释义

physostigmine

enUK

phy·so·stig·mine

P0278700 (fī′sō-stĭg′mēn′) also phy·so·stig·min (-mĭn)n. A crystalline alkaloid, C15H21N3O2, extracted from the Calabar bean, used in the form of its sulfate as a miotic and in the form of its salicylate as a cholinergic agent. Also called eserine.
[New Latin Phȳsostigma, genus name of the Calabar bean (Greek phūsa, bladder, from the appendage at the end of the stigma that was formerly thought to be hollow + stigma) + -ine.]

physostigmine

(ˌfaɪsəʊˈstɪɡmiːn) or

physostigmin

n (Elements & Compounds) an alkaloid found in the Calabar bean used esp in eye drops to reduce pressure inside the eyeball. Formula: C15H21N3O2. Also called: eserine [C19: from New Latin Physostigma genus name, from Greek phusa bladder +stigma mark]

phy•so•stig•mine

(ˌfaɪ soʊˈstɪg min, -mɪn)

n. an alkaloid, C15H21N3O2, used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to raise the level of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. [1860–65; < New Latin Physostigm(a) genus of plants yielding the alkaloid (< Greek phŷs(a) bladder, bellows + New Latin -o- -o- + stigma stigma) + -ine2]
Thesaurus
Noun1.physostigmine - used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and glaucomamedicament, medication, medicinal drug, medicine - (medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of diseasealkaloid - natural bases containing nitrogen found in plants
Translations

Physostigmine

enUK

physostigmine

[‚fī·sə′stig·mēn] (organic chemistry) C15H21O2N3 An alkaloid; poisonous, colorless-to-pinkish crystals; soluble in alcohol and dilute acids; melts at 86°C; used as a source of salicylate and sulfate forms. Also known as calabarine; eserine.

Physostigmine

 

(also eserine), C15H21O2N3, the chief alkaloid of Calabar beans, which are the seeds of the tropical African woody vine Physostigma venenosum. Physostigmine was discovered in 1864 by the German chemists Jobst and Hesse; the first synthesis of the alkaloid was carried out in 1935 by the American chemists P. Julian and J. Pikl. A weak base, the alkaloid yields salts that readily crystallize. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. The structural formula is

Physostigmine is highly poisonous. It is used in medicine, where it is classified as a reversible anticholinesterase. When administered medically, physostigmine blocks the enzyme cholinesterase, thereby protecting acetylcholine from a rapid hydrolytic breakdown. Physostigmine thus induces effects in the organism that are outwardly similar to those induced by acetylcholine and cholinomimetic agents (contraction of the pupils, slowed heartbeat, intensification of uterine contractions and of peristalsis in the stomach and intestine).

The protection of acetylcholine effected by physostigmine has made possible the discovery that acetylcholine is given off at the endings of the parasympathetic nerves and that nerve impulses are transmitted chemically. Physostigmine salicylate is used medically as an anticholinesterase. It is used mainly in ophthalmology, where in drop form it serves to contract the pupils and to reduce the intraocular pressure arising from glaucoma; in ointment form, it is effective against keratitis. Hypodermic injections of physostigmine are sometimes prescribed for neuromuscular diseases (myasthenia), enteroparesis, and paresis of the urinary bladder. Physostigmine is an antidote for atropine and curarine. Synthetic substitutes for physostigmine, for example, neostigmine, are available.

V. V. PARIN

physostigmine

enUK

physostigmine

 [fi″zo-stig´mēn] a cholinergic alkaloid having anticholinesterase activity, obtained from the dried ripe seed (Calabar bean) of Physostigma venenosum; used topically to produce miosis and to decrease intraocular pressure in glaucoma. It may also be applied parenterally to reverse the central nervous system effects produced by overdosage of anticholinergic drugs.

phy·so·stig·mine

(fī'sō-stig'mēn), An alkaloid of physostigma; it is a reversible inhibitor of the cholinesterases and prevents destruction of acetylcholine; used as a cholinergic agent, and experimentally to enhance the action of acetylcholine at any of its sites of liberation. Synonym(s): eserine

physostigmine

(fī′sō-stĭg′mēn′) also

physostigmin

(-mĭn)n. A crystalline alkaloid, C15H21N3O2, extracted from the Calabar bean, used in the form of its sulfate as a miotic and in the form of its salicylate as a cholinergic agent. Also called eserine.

physostigmine

A reversible antiacetylcholinesterase, used in Pts with Sx of an anticholinergic crisis Neurology Memory drug Physostigmine may improve working memory by ↑ efficiency and ↓ effort. See Working memory.

phy·so·stig·mine

(fī'sō-stig'mēn) A nonpolar carbamate antidote to anticholinergic compounds.

physostigmine

A CHOLINESTERASE inhibitor drug used to constrict the pupil of the eye and lower the pressure within the eye in GLAUCOMA. It is also used to treat poisoning with ANTICHOLINERGIC drugs. It is derived form the Calabar bean Physostigma venenosum . Also known as eserine.

physostigmine 

A reversible anticholinesterase drug used as a parasympathomimetic which, when used in the eye constricts the pupil. It may be used in solution of 0.25-1% or ointment 0.25-0.50% in the treatment of glaucoma, but because of its side-effects its usage is rare nowadays. It is sometimes combined with pilocarpine. Syn. eserine. See miotics; neostigmine; parasympathomimetic drug.

phy·so·stig·mine

(fī'sō-stig'mēn) Alkaloid used as a cholinergic agent, and experimentally to enhance action of acetylcholine at any of its sites of liberation.

physostigmine

enUK
  • noun

Words related to physostigmine

noun used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma

Related Words

  • medicament
  • medication
  • medicinal drug
  • medicine
  • alkaloid
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