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barbiturate
bar·bi·tu·rate B0072100 (bär-bĭch′ər-ĭt, -ə-rāt′, bär-bĭch′ə-wĭt)n. Any of a group of barbituric acid derivatives that act as central nervous system depressants and are used as sedatives or hypnotics.
[barbitur(ic acid) + -ate.]barbiturate (bɑːˈbɪtjʊrɪt; -ˌreɪt) n (Medicine) a derivative of barbituric acid, such as phenobarbital, used in medicine as a sedative, hypnotic, or anticonvulsantbar•bi•tu•rate (bɑrˈbɪtʃ ər ɪt, -əˌreɪt; ˌbɑr bɪˈtʊər ɪt, -eɪt, -ˈtyʊər-)
n. any of a group of barbituric acid derivatives, used in medicine as sedatives and hypnotics. [1925–30] bar·bi·tu·rate (bär-bĭch′ər-ĭt) Any of a group of drugs that reduce the activity of the nervous system and are used as sedatives. Barbiturates are highly addictive.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | barbiturate - organic compound having powerful soporific effect; overdose can be fatalamobarbital - a barbiturate with sedative and hypnotic effects; used to relieve insomnia and as an anticonvulsantbarbital, barbitone, diethylbarbituric acid, diethylmalonylurea, veronal - a barbiturate used as a hypnoticMebaral, mephobarbital - a long-acting crystalline barbiturate (trade name Mebaral) used as a sedative and as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsyNembutal, pentobarbital, pentobarbital sodium, yellow jacket - a barbiturate (trade name Nembutal) used as a sedative and hypnotic and antispasmodicred devil, secobarbital, secobarbital sodium, Seconal - barbiturate that is a white odorless slightly bitter powder (trade name Seconal) used as a sodium salt for sedation and to treat convulsionssedative-hypnotic, sedative-hypnotic drug - a sedative that depresses activity of the central nervous system and reduces anxiety and induces sleepLuminal, phenobarbital, phenobarbitone, sodium thiopental, purple heart - a long-acting barbiturate used as a sedativePentothal, thiopental, thiopental sodium, thiopentobarbital sodium - barbiturate that is a hygroscopic powder (trade name Pentothal) that is a strong barbiturate that acts rapidly; induces a relaxed state when injected as a general anesthetic |
Translationsbarbiturate
barbiturate (bärbĭch`ərāt'), any one of a group of drugs that act as depressantsdepressant,
any one of various substances that diminish functional activity, usually by depressing the nervous system. Barbiturates, sedatives, alcohol, and meprobamate are all depressants. Depressants have various modes of action and effects.
..... Click the link for more information. on the central nervous systemnervous system,
network of specialized tissue that controls actions and reactions of the body and its adjustment to the environment. Virtually all members of the animal kingdom have at least a rudimentary nervous system.
..... Click the link for more information. . High doses depress both nerve and muscle activity and inhibit oxygen consumption in the tissues. In low doses barbiturates act as sedativessedative,
any of a variety of drugs that relieve anxiety. Most sedatives act as mild depressants of the nervous system, lessening general nervous activity or reducing the irritability or activity of a specific organ.
..... Click the link for more information. , i.e., they have a tranquilizing effect; increased doses have a hypnotic or sleep-inducing effect; still larger doses have anticonvulsant and anesthetic activity. The mechanism of action on the central nervous system is not known. The barbiturates are all derivatives of barbituric acid, which was first prepared in 1864 by the German organic chemist Adolf von Baeyer. The drugs differ widely in the duration of their action, which depends on the rapidity with which they are distributed in body tissues, degraded, and excreted. Ultrashort-acting barbiturates such as thiopental sodium (Pentothal) are often used as general anesthetics. Secobarbital (Seconal) and pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) are short-acting barbiturates, amobarbital (Amytal) is intermediate in duration of action, and phenobarbital (Luminal) is a long-acting derivative. Barbiturates are used to relax patients before surgery, as anticonvulsants, and as sleeping pills. They also are commonly abused. Taken regularly, barbiturates can be psychologically and physically addictive (see drug addiction and drug abusedrug addiction and drug abuse,
chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for other than medically warranted purposes. Traditional definitions of addiction, with their criteria of physical dependence and withdrawal (and often an underlying
..... Click the link for more information. ). Barbiturate addicts must be withdrawn from the drug gradually to avoid severe withdrawal symptoms such as convulsions. Overdose can cause coma or death. In the United States the manufacture and distribution of barbiturates were brought under federal control by the 1965 Drug Abuse and Control Act, and they are legally available only by prescription. Bibliography See publications of the Drugs & Crime Data Center and Clearinghouse, the Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, and the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information. barbiturate[bär′bich·ə·rət] (pharmacology) Any of a group of ureides, such as phenobarbital, Amytal, or Seconal, that act as central nervous system depressants. barbiturate a derivative of barbituric acid, such as phenobarbital, used in medicine as a sedative, hypnotic, or auticonvulsant barbiturate
barbiturate [bahr-bich´er-it] any of a class of sedative-hypnotic agents derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid and classified into long-, intermediate-, short-, and ultrashort-acting classes. The ultrashort-acting barbiturates, such as thiopental, are used as intravenous anesthetics. The long-acting barbiturate phenobarbital is an important anticonvulsant used in treatment of epilepsy. Barbiturates should not be used as a routine medication for anxiety or insomnia. In addition to numerous side effects, the risk of dependency is great. Barbiturates should be used only by the person for whom they have been prescribed. Abrupt withdrawal is associated with seizure activity.
Barbiturate poisoning was one of the most common methods of suicide in the industrialized world prior to the introduction of benzodiazepines. Barbiturate overdose is often fatal and should be treated with utmost promptness. If it occurs in the home, a poison control center should be contacted, as well as a health care provider and emergency services. The victim should be made to vomit (only if awake) and should be kept warm with breathing facilitated by proper positioning and removal of constricting clothing.bar·bi·tu·rate (bar-bich'ūr-āt), Avoid the misspelling/mispronunciation barbituate.A derivative of barbituric acid (for example, phenobarbital) that act as CNS depressants and are used for their tranquilizing, hypnotic, and anti-seizure effects; most barbiturates have the potential for abuse.barbiturate (bär-bĭch′ər-ĭt, -ə-rāt′, bär-bĭch′ə-wĭt)n. Any of a group of barbituric acid derivatives that act as central nervous system depressants and are used as sedatives or hypnotics.barbiturate Any of a class of sedative/hypnotics derived from barbituric acid, which are divided based on their duration of action:
• Ultrashort—e.g., thiopental (Pentothal);
• Short and intermediate-acting—e.g., amobarbital (Amytal), pentobarbital (Nembutal), secobarbital (Seconal); or
• Long-acting—e.g., phenobarbital (Luminal), mephobarbital (Mebaral).barbiturate Downer Neuropharmacology Any sedative/hypnotic; they are derived from barbituric acid, are divided based on their duration of action into ultrashort, short, intermediate and long-acting–eg phenobarbital; barbiturates are the suicide drug of choice, or anticonvulsant, and among street drugs used as a 'downer'bar·bi·tu·rate (bahr-bich'ŭr-ăt) Any of various derivatives of barbituric acid used as sedatives, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants. barbiturate any UREIDE such as phenobarbital, amytal, seconal, etc. Barbiturates have a depressant effect on the CNS, usually producing sleep.BarbiturateA drug with hypnotic and sedative effects.Mentioned in: Anesthesia, Generalbar·bi·tu·rate (bahr-bich'ŭr-ăt) Avoid the misspelling/mispronunciation barbituate.Central nervous system depressant used for its tranquilizing, hypnotic, and antiseizure effects; most forms have potential for abuse. barbiturate
Related to barbiturate: barbiturate coma, barbiturate poisoningWords related to barbituratenoun organic compound having powerful soporific effectRelated Words- amobarbital
- barbital
- barbitone
- diethylbarbituric acid
- diethylmalonylurea
- veronal
- Mebaral
- mephobarbital
- Nembutal
- pentobarbital
- pentobarbital sodium
- yellow jacket
- red devil
- secobarbital
- secobarbital sodium
- Seconal
- sedative-hypnotic
- sedative-hypnotic drug
- Luminal
- phenobarbital
- phenobarbitone
- sodium thiopental
- purple heart
- Pentothal
- thiopental
- thiopental sodium
- thiopentobarbital sodium
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