| 释义 |
pigment
pig·ment P0298200 (pĭg′mənt)n.1. A substance used as coloring.2. Dry coloring matter, usually an insoluble powder, to be mixed with water, oil, or another base to produce paint and similar products.3. A substance, such as chlorophyll or melanin, that produces a characteristic color in plant or animal tissue.tr.v. pig·ment·ed, pig·ment·ing, pig·ments To color with pigment.
[Middle English, spice, red dye, from Latin pigmentum, from pingere, to paint; see peig- in Indo-European roots.]
pig′men·tar′y (pĭg′mən-tĕr′ē) adj.pigment (ˈpɪɡmənt) n1. (Biology) a substance occurring in plant or animal tissue and producing a characteristic colour, such as chlorophyll in green plants and haemoglobin in red blood2. (Dyeing) any substance used to impart colour3. (Dyeing) a powder that is mixed with a liquid to give a paint, ink, etc[C14: from Latin pigmentum, from pingere to paint] ˈpigmentary adjpig•ment (ˈpɪg mənt)
n. 1. a dry insoluble substance, usu. pulverized, that when suspended in a liquid vehicle becomes a paint, ink, etc. 2. a coloring matter or substance. 3. any of various biological substances, as chlorophyll and melanin, that produce color in the tissues of organisms. v.t. 4. to color; add pigment to. v.i. 5. to acquire color. [1350–1400; Middle English < Latin pigmentum paint =pig- (s. of pingere to paint) + -mentum -ment] pig′men•tar′y, adj. pig·ment (pĭg′mənt)1. An organic compound that gives a characteristic color to plant or animal tissues and is involved in vital processes. Chlorophyll and hemoglobin are examples of pigments.2. A substance or material used as coloring.pigment - From Latin pingere, "paint," it is a chemical that absorbs only certain colors from white light.See also related terms for paint.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  pigment - dry coloring material (especially a powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint, etc.)chlorophyl, chlorophyll - any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms; there are four naturally occurring formsbacteriochlorophyll - a substance in photosensitive bacteria that is related to but different from chlorophyll of higher plantsphycobilin - water-soluble proteinaceous pigments found in red algae and cyanobacteriaphycoerythrin - red pigment in red algaephycocyanin - blue pigment in algaepaint, pigment - a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating; "artists use `paint' and `pigment' interchangeably"titania, titanic oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium oxide - a white powder used as a pigment for its high covering power and durabilitycobalt ultramarine, cobalt blue - greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of cobalt oxide and aluminaearth color - a colored mineral used as a pigmentmosaic gold, stannic sulfide - a yellow pigment sometimes suspended in lacquercarotenoid - any of a class of highly unsaturated yellow to red pigments occurring in plants and animalsanimal pigment - pigment occurring in animalscerulean blue - light greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of oxides of cobalt and tinchrome green - any of a class of green pigments consisting of chrome yellow and iron blueHooker's green - green pigment consisting of Prussian blue mixed with gambogechrome yellow - any of several yellow pigments consisting of normal lead chromate and other lead compoundsbister, bistre - a water-soluble brownish-yellow pigment made by boiling wood sootflavonoid - any of a large class of plant pigments having a chemical structure based on or similar to flavoneIndian red - a red pigment composed in part from ferric oxide which is often used in paints and cosmeticsivory black - a black pigment made from grinding burnt ivory in oilPrussian blue, iron blue - any of various blue pigmentsPayne's gray, Payne's grey - any pigment that produces a greyish to dark greyish bluecoloring material, colour, colouring material, color - any material used for its color; "she used a different color for the trim"alizarin, alizarine - an orange-red crystalline compound used in making red pigments and in dyeingbole - a soft oily clay used as a pigment (especially a reddish brown pigment)lake - any of numerous bright translucent organic pigmentslake - a purplish red pigment prepared from lac or cochinealorange - any pigment producing the orange colorwater-color, watercolour, water-colour, watercolor - water-soluble pigmentretinal, retinene - either of two yellow to red retinal pigments formed from rhodopsin by the action of lightParis green - a toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetatesepia - rich brown pigment prepared from the ink of cuttlefishesporphyrin - any of various pigments distributed widely in living tissueshaem, haemitin, hematin, heme, protoheme - a complex red organic pigment containing iron and other atoms to which oxygen bindshaemosiderin, hemosiderin - a granular brown substance composed of ferric oxide; left from the breakdown of hemoglobin; can be a sign of disturbed iron metabolismultramarine, ultramarine blue - blue pigment made of powdered lapis lazuliphotopigment - a special pigment found in the rods and cones of the retinacadmium yellow - pigment of cadmium sulfide and barium sulfate varying in hue from lemon yellow to orangecupric acetate, verdigris - a blue or green powder used as a paint pigmentceruse, lead carbonate, white lead - a poisonous white pigment that contains leadChinese white, zinc white - a white pigment used in house paints; consists of zinc oxide | | 2. | pigment - any substance whose presence in plant or animal tissues produces a characteristic colorcoloring material, colour, colouring material, color - any material used for its color; "she used a different color for the trim" | | 3. |  pigment - a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating; "artists use `paint' and `pigment' interchangeably"paintacrylic paint, acrylic - used especially by artistsantifouling paint - a paint used to protect against the accumulation of barnacles etc. on underwater surfacescoating, coat - a thin layer covering something; "a second coat of paint"coat of paint - a layer of paint covering something elsedistemper - paint made by mixing the pigments with water and a binderenamel - a paint that dries to a hard glossy finishencaustic - a paint consisting of pigment mixed with melted beeswax; it is fixed with heat after applicationfinger paint, fingerpaint - paint that has the consistency of jellyhouse paint, housepaint - paint used to cover the exterior woodwork of a houseoil paint - paint in which a drying oil is the vehiclesemigloss - a paint that dries with a finish between glossy and flatspray paint - paint applied with a spray gunwater-base paint - paint in which water is used as the vehiclecoloring material, colour, colouring material, color - any material used for its color; "she used a different color for the trim"pigment - dry coloring material (especially a powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint, etc.) | | Verb | 1. | pigment - acquire pigment; become colored or imbuedhue - take on color or become colored; "In highlights it hued to a dull silver-grey" | | 2. | pigment - color or dye with a pigment; "pigment a photograph"color, color in, colorise, colorize, colour in, colourise, colourize, colour - add color to; "The child colored the drawings"; "Fall colored the trees"; "colorize black and white film" |
pigmentnoun colour, colouring, paint, stain, dye, tint, tincture, colouring matter, colorant, dyestuff a wide range of natural pigmentspigmentnounSomething that imparts color:color, colorant, coloring, dye, dyestuff, stain, tincture.Translationspigment (ˈpigmənt) noun1. any substance used for colouring, making paint etc. People used to make paint and dyes from natural pigments. 顏料 颜料2. a substance in plants or animals that gives colour to the skin, leaves etc. Some people have darker pigment in their skin than others. 色素 色素ˌpigmenˈtation noun colouring (of skin etc). Some illnesses cause a loss of pigmentation. 色素沉澱 色素沉着
pigment
pigment, substance that imparts color to other materials. In paint, the pigment is a powdered substance which, when mixed in the liquid vehicle, imparts color to a painted surface. The pigments used in paints are nearly all metallic compounds, but organic compounds are also used (see lakelake,
in dyeing, an insoluble pigment formed by the reaction between an organic dye and a mordant. The color of a lake depends upon the mordant as well as the dye used. Generally, lakes are not as colorfast as many inorganic dyes, but their colors are more brilliant.
..... Click the link for more information. ). Most black pigments are organic, e.g., bone black (animal black or charcoal) and lampblack. Some of the metallic pigments occur naturally. The brilliant and beautiful coloring of the rock and soil in some parts of the United States, especially in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, the Painted Desert of Arizona, and Bryce and Zion canyons of Utah, is largely produced by such compounds, chiefly oxides. Yellow ocher, sienna, and umber are oxides of iron. Litharge is a yellow oxide of lead. Red lead is also an oxide of this metal. Lead chromate, or chrome yellow, is an important yellow pigment. White lead, or basic lead carbonate, is a pigment long in use; it is rendered more durable by mixture with zinc oxide. Cadmium yellow is a sulfide of cadmium. Ultramarine is an important blue pigment, as is Prussian blue (ferric ferrocyanide). Green pigment is produced by mixing Prussian blue and chrome yellow. Vermilion (mercuric sulfide) is red. Pigments occur in plant and animal bodies. The bright colors of plants, for example, are the result of the presence of such substances as chlorophyll (green) and xanthophyll (yellow), both of which are also found in some animals. Among others are carotene, the yellow of carrots and certain other vegetables, and anthocyanin, which imparts blue, red, and purple to flowers. Blood receives its color from the hemoglobin in the red corpuscles. Coloration of human skin is caused by the presence of pigments (see pigmentationpigmentation,
name for the coloring matter found in certain plant and animal cells and for the color produced thereby. Pigmentation occurs in nearly all living organisms.
..... Click the link for more information. ).Pigment (in biology), a coloring substance that is incorporated into body tissues. Pigments are colored by intramolecular chromophores, atomic groups that selectively absorb light in the visible part of the solar spectrum. Pigments play an important and varied role in the life processes of organisms, especially photobiologic processes. Occurrence. The most widespread pigments, porphyrins and carotenoids, are found in the majority of plants and animals. Porphyrins are included in the chlorophyll molecules of green plants, in bacteriochlorophylls of photosynthesizing bacteria, and in the respiratory pigments of animals, for example, hemoglobin, myoglobin, and chlorocruorin. Cytochromes, which, like hemoglobin, contain the iron-porphyrin complex heme, are very common. Carotenoids, which are unsaturated isoprenoid hydrocarbons, and their oxidized derivatives xanthophylls are yellow, orange, or red pigments and are present in green plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Blue-green and red algae contain auxiliary photosynthetic pigments, called phycobilins, whose nonprotein portion consists of a chain of four pyrrole rings; the blue phycobilin is phycocyanin, and the red—phycoerythrin. Structurally similar to the phycobilins is phytochrome, which is found in plants, and the animal-bile pigments, which are formed during the decomposition of hemoglobin. The large group of plant pigments called flavonoids encompasses substances that differ in chemical structure, color, and occurrence, for example, an-thocyanins and flavones. Flavonoids give color to flowers, fruits, and leaves. The eyes of animals contain visual pigment, which is structurally complex. Other common pigments of plant and animal tissues are the respiratory chromogens, which are derivatives of quinone, and the melanins, which are found in the skin, fur, and hairs of animals. Fungal and bacterial pigments display a wide variety of chemical structures. Pigments that are identical or close in chemical structure may be found in groups of organisms that are phylogenetically distant from each other. Pigments are usually contained in various cell structures and, less commonly, dissolved in body fluids. For example, chlorophyll is concentrated in chloroplasts, carotenoids in chromo-plasts and chloroplasts, hemoglobin in red blood cells, and flavonoids in the cell sap of plants. Pigments in combination with proteins and lipids are a structural part of biological membranes. Many animal and plant species have specialized pigment cells, or chromatophores. Biological role. The pigment system links metabolic processes to light from the environment. One of the most important functions of pigments in plants is participation in photosynthesis. The absorption of light by pigments also plays a role in the growth, development, and movement of plants. The most important function of pigments in animals is participation in visual processes. Hemoglobin and other pigments in the blood transport oxygen from the respiratory organs to the tissues. Cytochromes, respiratory chromogens, and certain other pigments act as enzymes in tissue respiration. Carotenoids and flavonoids in plants and melanins in animals protect the organism against the harmful effects of the sun’s ultraviolet light. Pigments account for coloration, an important feature of an organism’s adaptation to the environment. Coloration in plants serves to attract insect pollinators and birds who spread seeds; in animals it helps to protect against enemies and acts as camouflage while the animal stalks prey. Until the second half of the 19th century, plant and animal pigments, such as alizarin, indigo, and carmine, were widely used as dyes. Some pigments are used in the food-processing industry and medicine, for example, riboflavin, carotene, and antibiotic pigments. A. A. KRASNOVSKII In man. Disruption of any stage of pigment metabolism in man results in the accumulation of various metabolic products and in the development of certain diseases. A distinction is made between hereditary and acquired disturbances; the former are caused by hereditary defects in pigment synthesis and in the synthesis of the chemical precursors of pigments in the liver— red blood cells. Acquired disturbances in pigment metabolism can follow prolonged feverish periods, deficiencies of the vitamins folic and pantothenic acids, and liver diseases, including hepatitis, hepatic tumors, and obstructions of the biliary tract. They can also result from poisoning, Addison’s disease, or some blood diseases. Diseases of pigment metabolism occur at all ages with varying frequencies. The hereditary forms are generally seen in children. Three main groups of disturbances of pigment metabolism are recognized: hemoglobinopathies, hyperbilirubinemias, and porphyrias. IU. A. KNIAZEV REFERENCESTsvet, M. S. Khromofilly v rastitel’nom i zhivotnom mire. Warsaw, 1910.
Timiriazev, K. A. Solntse, zhizn’ i khlorofill (vol. 1 of Izbr. soch.). Moscow, 1948.
Prosser, L., and F. Brown. Sravnitel’naia fiziologiia zhivotnykh. Moscow, 1967. Chapters 8 and 19. (Translated from English.)
Biokhimiia rastenii. Moscow, 1968. Chapters 24, 26, and 28. (Translated from English.)
Konev, S. V., and I. D. Volotovskii. Vvedenie v molekuliarnuiu fotobiologiiu. Minsk, 1971.
Lemberg, R., and J. W. Legge. Hematin Compounds and Bile Pigments. New York-London, 1949.
Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigments. London-New York, 1965.
Photobiology of Microorganisms. London, 1970.pigment[′pig·mənt] (cell and molecular biology) Any coloring matter in plant or animal cells. (materials) A solid that reflects light of certain wavelengths while absorbing light of other wavelengths, without producing appreciable luminescence; used to impart color to other materials. Pigment A finely divided material which contributes to optical and other properties of paint, finishes, and coatings. Pigments are insoluble in the coating material, whereas dyes dissolve in and color the coating. Pigments are mechanically mixed with the coating and are deposited when the coating dries. Their physical properties generally are not changed by incorporation in and deposition from the vehicle. Pigments may be classified according to composition (inorganic or organic) or by source (natural or synthetic). However, the most useful classification is by color (white, transparent, or colored) and by function. Special pigments include anticorrosive, metallic, and luminous pigments. pigment1. A finely ground inorganic or organic powder which is dispersed in a liquid vehicle to make paint; may provide, in addition to color, many of the essential properties of a paint—opacity, hardness, durability, and corrosion resistance. 2. Coloring matter, usually in the form of an insoluble fine powder, used to color concrete, etc.pigment a substance occurring in plant or animal tissue and producing a characteristic colour, such as chlorophyll in green plants and haemoglobin in red blood pigment
pigment [pig´ment] 1. any coloring matter of the body.2. a stain or dyestuff.3. a paintlike medicinal preparation applied to the skin. adj., adj pig´mentary.bile pigment any of the coloring matters of the bile, derived from heme, including bilirubin, biliverdin, and several others.blood pigment (hematogenous pigment) any of the pigments derived from hemoglobin" >hemoglobin, such as hematoidin" >hematoidin, hematoporphyrin" >hematoporphyrin, hemofuscin" >hemofuscin, and methemoglobin." >methemoglobin.lipid pigment any of various pigments having lipid characteristics, some of which also contain protein or iron, the most important one being lipofuscin.respiratory p's substances, e.g., hemoglobin, myoglobin, or cytochromes, which take part in the oxidative processes of the animal body.retinal p's the photopigments in retinal rods and cones that respond to certain colors of light and initiate the process of vision.pig·ment (pig'ment), 1. Any coloring matter, such as that in the red blood cells, hair, or iris, or in the stains used in histologic or bacteriologic work, or that in paint. 2. A medicinal preparation for external use, applied to the skin like paint, or coloring agents used in paints. [L. pigmentum, paint] pigment (pĭg′mənt)n.1. A substance used as coloring.2. A substance, such as chlorophyll or melanin, that produces a characteristic color in plant or animal tissue.tr.v. pig·mented, pig·menting, pig·ments To color with pigment.
pig′men·tar′y (pĭg′mən-tĕr′ē) adj.pigment Dermatology A substance that imparts color to tissue–eg, skin, eyes, hair. See Accessory pigment, Bile pigment, Malarial pigment, Tattoo, Tyndall. pig·ment (pig'mĕnt) 1. Any coloring matter, as, for example, that of the red blood cells, hair, or iris, or the stains used in histologic or bacteriologic work, or that in paints. 2. A medicinal preparation for external use, applied to the skin like paint or coloring agents used in paints. [L. pigmentum, paint]pigment A coloured substance (e.g. haemoglobin, melanin) found in cells or tissue.
pigment dispersion syndrome See pigment dispersion syndrome.
pigment epithelium See retinal pigment epithelium.
macular pigment A yellow pigment, insensitive to light with a maximum absorption around 460 nm, and located in the inner layers of the macular area of the retina. It extends over an area of about 12º in diameter. Its density declines markedly with eccentricity. The major components of this pigment are the carotenoids: lutein and zeaxanthin. These yellow pigments absorb blue light maximally. The macular pigment has been thought to mitigate the effect of chromatic aberration and to protect the retina against short wavelength radiations. Moreover, lutein and zeaxanthin are antioxidants, which help protect the macula from oxidative stress, and larger plasma concentrations of these pigments may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration. See red filter; macula lutea; oxidative stress.
visual pigment Photosensitive pigment contained in the outer segments of both rods and cones. The chemical composition of the pigment in both cells is almost the same, there is only a slight difference in the protein opsin. The pigment in the rods is called rhodopsin. The cones contain three other types of pigments (one in each cone), which have spectral absorption curves with a maximum around 420, 530 and 560 nm. These three pigments form the basis of normal trichromatic colour vision. Syn. for cone visual pigments: cyanolabe, chlorolabe and erythrolabe, names sometimes used for the short-wave, middle-wave and long-wave sensitive cone pigments, respectively. Absorption of light by the visual pigments and the subsequent chemical changes that result in photoreceptor potentials represents the first stage in the visual process. Note: erythrolabe, meaning red pigment, has, in fact, its maximum spectral absorption around 560 nm, which is in the green-yellow portion of the visible spectrum. See bleaching; cone cell; rod cell; defective colour vision; retinal densitometry; iodopsin; porphyropsin; rhodopsin; photostress test; trichromatism; Young-Helmholtz theory; transduction.
| Table P4 Cone pigments in normal and congenital dichromatic colour vision defects (excluding cases due to anomalies of the central visual pathway) | | colour vision | | long-wave sensitive (around 560 nm) | | middle-wave sensitive (around 530 nm) | | short-wave sensitive (around 420 nm) | | normal | | present | | present | | present | | protanope | | absent or abnormal | | present | | present | | deuteranope | | present | | absent or abnormal | | present | | tritanope | | present | | present | | absent or abnormal |
pig·ment (pig'mĕnt) 1. Any coloring matter, such as that in the red blood cells, hair, or iris, or in the stains used in histologic or bacteriologic work, or that in paint. 2. A medicinal preparation for external use, applied to the skin like paint. [L. pigmentum, paint]pigment
Synonyms for pigmentnoun colourSynonyms- colour
- colouring
- paint
- stain
- dye
- tint
- tincture
- colouring matter
- colorant
- dyestuff
Synonyms for pigmentnoun something that imparts colorSynonyms- color
- colorant
- coloring
- dye
- dyestuff
- stain
- tincture
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