respiratory distress syndrome of newborn

Hyaline membrane disease, respiratory distress Neonatology A morbid process seen in up to 50% of neonatal deaths–40,000/yr Clinical Atelectasis, hypoventilation, hypotensive shock, pulmonary vasoconstriction, alveolar hypoperfusion, shut-down of cell metabolism; 60% of HMD occurs in infants, most are < 28 wks of age; 5% occur in infants > than 37 wks; HMD is more frequent in the 2^nd twin delivered, twin-to-twin transfusion recipient infant, ♂ infants, children of diabetic mothers and in C-sections; a vicious cycle begins where ↓ surfactant results in atelectasis, ↓ ventilation–↑ pCO₂, ↓ pH, ↓ O2 and hypoxia exacerbating the lack of surfactant, causing shock and more hypoxia Clinical Early onset of tachypnea, prominent grunting, intercostal retractions–air hunger, cyanosis; the infants may not respond to O₂; blood pressure and corporal temperature fall, asphyxia intervenes and causes death, or the Sx peak at 3 days and the infant recovers DiffDx Neonatal pneumonia, birth-related asphyxia, group B streptococcal sepsis, cyanotic heart disease Treatment Supportive–O₂, correct acidosis, surfactant.

单词	respiratory distress syndrome of newborn
释义	DictionarySeeinfant respiratory distress syndrome respiratory distress syndrome of newborn respiratory distress syndrome of newborn [′res·prə‚tȯr·ē di′stres ‚sin‚drōm əv ′nü‚bȯrn] (medicine) A disease occurring during the first days of life, characterized by respiratory distress and cyanosis; a hyaline membrane lines the alveoli when the disease persists for more than several hours. Abbreviated RDS. respiratory distress syndrome of newborn respiratory distress syndrome of newborn Hyaline membrane disease, respiratory distress Neonatology A morbid process seen in up to 50% of neonatal deaths–40,000/yr Clinical Atelectasis, hypoventilation, hypotensive shock, pulmonary vasoconstriction, alveolar hypoperfusion, shut-down of cell metabolism; 60% of HMD occurs in infants, most are < 28 wks of age; 5% occur in infants > than 37 wks; HMD is more frequent in the 2^nd twin delivered, twin-to-twin transfusion recipient infant, ♂ infants, children of diabetic mothers and in C-sections; a vicious cycle begins where ↓ surfactant results in atelectasis, ↓ ventilation–↑ pCO₂, ↓ pH, ↓ O2 and hypoxia exacerbating the lack of surfactant, causing shock and more hypoxia Clinical Early onset of tachypnea, prominent grunting, intercostal retractions–air hunger, cyanosis; the infants may not respond to O₂; blood pressure and corporal temperature fall, asphyxia intervenes and causes death, or the Sx peak at 3 days and the infant recovers DiffDx Neonatal pneumonia, birth-related asphyxia, group B streptococcal sepsis, cyanotic heart disease Treatment Supportive–O₂, correct acidosis, surfactant.
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