Spaatz, Carl

(1891–1974) aviator; born in Boyertown, Pa. A 1914 West Point graduate, he shot down three German aircraft as commander of the Thirty-first Aero Squadron in France during World War I. Along with Ira C. Eaker and several relief pilots, "Tooey" Spaatz established an air endurance record of 150-plus hours over Los Angeles in January 1929. His support of air power advocate William Mitchell slowed his progress through the grades, but by July 1941 he had risen to chief of air staff under George C. Marshall. Spaatz went on to command the air arm for Eisenhower in North Africa and Sicily, and became chief of the Strategic Air Force, Europe, in 1944. Blunt and forceful, he argued that air power alone could subjugate the Germans—a theory the Allied invasion of France rendered untestable. After the end of the European war, Spaatz commanded the air force in the Pacific, directing the firebombing and, in August 1945, the atomic bombing of Japanese cities. He became first chief of staff of the independent air force in 1947 and retired the following year.

单词	spaatz, carl
释义	Spaatz, Carl Spaatz, Carl (1891–1974) aviator; born in Boyertown, Pa. A 1914 West Point graduate, he shot down three German aircraft as commander of the Thirty-first Aero Squadron in France during World War I. Along with Ira C. Eaker and several relief pilots, "Tooey" Spaatz established an air endurance record of 150-plus hours over Los Angeles in January 1929. His support of air power advocate William Mitchell slowed his progress through the grades, but by July 1941 he had risen to chief of air staff under George C. Marshall. Spaatz went on to command the air arm for Eisenhower in North Africa and Sicily, and became chief of the Strategic Air Force, Europe, in 1944. Blunt and forceful, he argued that air power alone could subjugate the Germans—a theory the Allied invasion of France rendered untestable. After the end of the European war, Spaatz commanded the air force in the Pacific, directing the firebombing and, in August 1945, the atomic bombing of Japanese cities. He became first chief of staff of the independent air force in 1947 and retired the following year.
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