| 释义 |
thermocoupleenUK
ther·mo·cou·ple T0157200 (thûr′mə-kŭp′əl)n. A thermoelectric device used to measure temperatures accurately, especially one consisting of two dissimilar metals joined so that a potential difference generated between the points of contact is a measure of the temperature difference between the points.thermocouple (ˈθɜːməʊˌkʌpəl) n1. (General Physics) a device for measuring temperature consisting of a pair of wires of different metals or semiconductors joined at both ends. One junction is at the temperature to be measured, the second at a fixed temperature. The electromotive force generated depends upon the temperature difference2. (General Physics) a similar device with only one junction between two dissimilar metals or semiconductors[C19: from thermo- + couple]ther•mo•cou•ple (ˈθɜr məˌkʌp əl)
n. a device that measures temperature as a function of the electromotive force induced when heat is applied to two dissimilar metal wires joined at both ends. [1885–90] ther·mo·cou·ple (thûr′mə-kŭp′əl) A thermoelectric device used to make accurate measurements of temperatures, especially high temperatures. It usually consists of a circuit having two wires of different metals welded together. When one of the metals is heated, and the other left cold, the difference in temperature causes an electric current to flow through the circuit. Because the amount of electromotive force generated depends on the temperature difference between the two metals, a measurement of the force can be used to calculate the temperature of the heated metal. Thermocouples are also used in the generation of electricity and in refrigeration devices.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | thermocouple - a kind of thermometer consisting of two wires of different metals that are joined at both ends; one junction is at the temperature to be measured and the other is held at a fixed lower temperature; the current generated in the circuit is proportional to the temperature differencethermocouple junctionthermometer - measuring instrument for measuring temperature |
TranslationsthermocoupleenUK
thermocouple: see thermometerthermometer,
instrument for measuring temperature. Galileo and Sanctorius devised thermometers consisting essentially of a bulb with a tubular projection, the open end of which was immersed in a liquid.
..... Click the link for more information. ; thermoelectricitythermoelectricity,
direct conversion of heat into electric energy, or vice versa. The term is generally restricted to the irreversible conversion of electricity into heat described by the English physicist James P.
..... Click the link for more information. .Thermocouple A device in which the temperature difference between the ends of a pair of dissimilar metal wires is deduced from a measurement of the difference in the thermoelectric potentials developed along the wires. The presence of a temperature gradient in a metal or alloy leads to an electric potential gradient being set up along the temperature gradient. This thermoelectric potential gradient is proportional to the temperature gradient and varies from metal to metal. It is the fact that the thermoelectric emf is different in different metals and alloys for the same temperature gradient that allows the effect to be used for the measurement of temperature. The basic circuit of a thermocouple is shown in the illustration. The thermocouple wires, made of different metals or alloys A and B, are joined together at one end H, called the hot (or measuring) junction, at a temperature T1. The other ends, CA and CB (the cold or reference junctions), are maintained at a constant reference temperature T0, usually but not necessarily 32°F (0°C). From the cold junctions, wires, usually of copper, lead to a voltmeter V at room temperature Tr. Due to the thermoelectric potential gradients being different along the wires A and B, there exists a potential difference between CA and CB. This can be measured by the voltmeter, provided that CA and CB are at the same temperature and that the lead wires between CA and V and CB and V are identical (or that V is at the temperature T0, which is unusual). Such a thermocouple will produce a thermoelectric emf between CA and CB which depends only upon the temperature difference T1 - T0. See Temperature measurement, Thermoelectricity  Basic circuit of a thermocouple Letter designations and compositions for standardized thermocouples* | Type designation | Materials | | B | Platinum-30% rhodium/platinum-6% rhodium | | E | Nickel-chromium alloy/a copper-nickel alloy | | J | Iron/another slightly different copper-nickel alloy | | K | Nickel-chromium alloy/nickel-aluminum alloy | | R | Platinum-13% rhodium/platinum | | S | Platinum-10% rhodium/platinum | | T | Copper/a copper-nickel alloy | | *After T. J. Quinn, Temperature, Academic Press, 1983. | A large number of pure metal and alloy combinations have been studied as thermocouples, and the seven most widely used are listed in the table. The thermocouples in the table together cover the temperature range from about -420°F (-250°C or 20 K) to about 3300°F (1800°C). The most accurate and reproducible are the platinum/rhodium thermocouples, types R and S, while the most widely used industrial thermocouples are probably types K, T, and E. Thermocouple a temperature sensor consisting of two unlike electrically conductive elements—usually metal conductors but occasionally semiconductors—that are joined to one another. A thermocouple makes use of the Seebeck effect. If the junctions of the conducting elements (often called thermoelectrodes) are at different temperatures, a thermal electromotive force (emf) is generated in the circuit. The magnitude of the emf is unambiguously determined by the hot and cold terminal temperatures and the composition of the electrodes. Thermocouples are used in an extremely wide temperature range (see Table 1). The emf of a thermocouple using metal conductors is usually 5–60 millivolts. The accuracy of temperature indication is usually several degrees K; some thermocouples attain an accuracy of ~0.01°K. The emf’s of semiconductor thermocouples may be an order of magnitude higher, but they are quite unstable. | Table 1. Operating temperature ranges of some types of thermocouple |
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| Positive element | Negative element | Temperatures (°K) |
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| Gold-iron alloy | Copper or Chromel | 4–270 | | Copper | Constantan | 70–800 | | Chromel | Copel | 220–900 | | Chromel | Alumel | 220–1400 | | Platinized rhodium | Platinum | 250–1900 | | Tungsten | Rhenium | 300–2800 |
Thermocouples are used in temperature measurement equipment and in various automatic control and monitoring systems. A thermoelectric thermometer is produced by combining a thermocouple with an electrical measurement instrument, such as a millivoltmeter or potentiometer. The measurement instrument is connected to the ends of the thermoelectrodes or to a break in one of the electrodes. When making a temperature measurement, one of the junctions must be maintained at a reference temperature, usually 273°K. Thermocouples can be divided into a number of types, depending on their design and purpose. They may be of the submersible or surface type, and they may be unjacketed or with an ordinary, explosion-proof, moisture-proof, or other jacket, which may be sealed or unsealed. In addition, they may be shock-resistant or vibration-resistant and stationary or portable. REFERENCESosnovskii, A. G., and N. I. Stoliarova. Izmerenie temperatur. Moscow, 1970.D. N. ASTROV thermocouple[′thər·mə‚kəp·əl] (engineering) A device consisting basically of two dissimilar conductors joined together at their ends; the thermoelectric voltage developed between the two junctions is proportional to the temperature difference between the junctions, so the device can be used to measure the temperature of one of the junctions when the other is held at a fixed, known temperature, or to convert radiant energy into electric energy. thermocoupleA device consisting of two junctions of two dissimilar metals, in an electric circuit; when the two junctions are at different temperatures, a voltage is generated by the device; used for measuring temperature.thermocouple A device that converts thermal energy directly into electrical energy. In its basic form, it consists of two dissimilar metallic electrical conductors connected in a closed loop. Each junction forms a thermocouple. If the junctions are at different temperatures, an electrical potential difference proportional to the temperature difference will exist in the circuit; the value of the potential generated is different for various combinations of materials. This potential difference is indicated as temperature.thermocouple1. a device for measuring temperature consisting of a pair of wires of different metals or semiconductors joined at both ends. One junction is at the temperature to be measured, the second at a fixed temperature. The electromotive force generated depends upon the temperature difference 2. a similar device with only one junction between two dissimilar metals or semiconductors thermocoupleenUK
thermocouple [ther´mo-kup″'l] a pair of dissimilar electric conductors so joined that with the application of heat an electromotive force is established; used for measuring small temperature differences.ther·mo·cou·ple (ther'mō-kŭp'ĕl), A device for measuring slight changes in temperature, consisting of two wires of different metals, one wire being kept at a certain low temperature, the other in the tissue or other material whose temperature is to be measured; a thermoelectric current is set up that is measured by a potentiometer. Synonym(s): thermojunctionther·mo·cou·ple (thĕr'mō-kŭp'ĕl) A device for measuring slight changes in temperature, consisting of two wires of different metals, one wire being kept at a certain low temperature, the other in the tissue or other material with a temperature to be measured; a thermoelectric current setup is measured by a potentiometer. ther·mo·cou·ple (thĕr'mō-kŭp'ĕl) A device for measuring slight changes in temperature, consisting of two wires of different metals, one wire being kept at a given low temperature, the other in the tissue or other material with a temperature to be measured; a thermoelectric current setup is measured by a potentiometer. See TC
See T/CthermocoupleenUK
Related to thermocouple: thermistor, RTDSynonyms for thermocouplenoun a kind of thermometer consisting of two wires of different metals that are joined at both endsSynonymsRelated Words |