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Reye's syndrome
Reye's syndrome R0257900 (rīz, rāz) or Reye syndrome (rī, rā)n. An acute disorder characterized by encephalopathy and an accumulation of fatty deposits in the liver, resulting in vomiting, disorientation, and coma and occurring mainly in children following a viral infection such as chickenpox or influenza. It is linked to the use of aspirin and other salicylates.
[After Ralph Douglas Kenneth Reye (1912-1978), Australian pediatrician.]Reye's syndrome (raɪz; reɪz) n (Pathology) a rare metabolic disease in children that can be fatal, involving damage to the brain, liver, and kidneys[C20: named after R. D. K. Reye (1912–78) Australian paediatrician]Reye's′ syn`drome
(rīz, rāz),
n. a rare disorder occurring primarily in children after a viral illness and associated with aspirin usage, characterized by vomiting, swelling of the brain, and liver dysfunction. [after Ralph Douglas Kenneth Reye (1912–78), Australian pediatrician, who cowrote a description of the syndrome in 1963] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | Reye's syndrome - acquired encephalopathy following acute viral infections (especially influenza or chicken pox) in young children; characterized by fever, vomiting, disorientation, coma, and fatty infiltration of the liverbrain disease, brain disorder, encephalopathy - any disorder or disease of the brainsyndrome - a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease |
Translations
Reye's syndrome
Reye's syndrome (rīz), rare but life-threatening disease characterized by acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of internal organs, especially the liver. It occurs almost entirely in children under age 15. The cause is unknown, but the disease usually follows an acute viral infection (particularly influenza or chickenpox), especially when aspirinaspirin,
acetyl derivative of salicylic acid (see salicylate) that is used to lower fever, relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and thin the blood. Common conditions treated with aspirin include headache, muscle and joint pain, and the inflammation caused by rheumatic fever and
..... Click the link for more information. or other salicylates have been given. The symptoms, which occur about a week after the virus infection, are vomiting and disorientation; these may be followed by seizures, coma, and respiratory arrest. Treatment is directed toward reducing brain swelling, correcting blood chemistry changes due to liver damage, and providing respiratory support if needed. Doctors recommend that children be given acetaminophenacetaminophen
, an analgesic and fever-reducing medicine. It is an active ingredient in many over-the-counter medicines, including Tylenol and Midol. Introduced in the early 1900s, acetaminophen is a coal tar derivative that acts by interfering with the synthesis of
..... Click the link for more information. rather than aspirin for viral infections or feverfever,
elevation of body temperature above the normal level, which in humans is about 98°F; (37°C;) when measured orally. Fever is considered to be a symptom of a disorder rather than a disease in itself.
..... Click the link for more information. .Reye's syndrome[′rīz ‚sin‚drōm] (medicine) An uncommon liver disorder primarily occurring in infants and young children; characterized by convulsions, hypoglycemia, and a liver showing diffuse microvacuolar fatty metamorphosis. Reye's syndrome
Reye's Syndrome DefinitionReye's syndrome is a disorder principally affecting the liver and brain, marked by rapid development of life-threatening neurological symptoms.DescriptionReye's syndrome is an emergency illness chiefly affecting children and teenagers. It almost always follows a viral illness such as a cold, the flu, or chicken pox. Reye's syndrome may affect all the organs of the body, but most seriously affects the brain and liver. Rapid development of severe neurological symptoms, including lethargy, confusion, seizures, and coma, make Reye's syndrome a life-threatening emergency.Reye's syndrome is a rare illness, even rarer now than when first described in the early 1970s. The incidence of the disorder peaked in 1980, with 555 cases reported. The number of cases declined rapidly thereafter due to decreased use of aspirin compounds for childhood fever, an important risk factor for Reye's syndrome development. Because of its rarity, it is often misdiagnosed as encephalitis, meningitis, diabetes, or poisoning, and the true incidence may be higher than the number of reported cases indicates.Causes and symptomsReye's syndrome causes fatty accumulation in the organs of the body, especially the liver. In the brain, it causes fluid accumulation (edema), which leads to a rise in intracranial pressure. This pressure squeezes blood vessels, preventing blood from entering the brain. Untreated, this pressure increase leads to brain damage and death.Although the cause remains unknown, Reye's syndrome appears to be linked to an abnormality in the energy-converting structures (mitochondria) within the body's cells.Reye's syndrome usually occurs after a viral, fever-causing illness, most often an upper respiratory tract infection. Its cause is unknown. It is most often associated with use of aspirin during the fever, and for this reason aspirin and aspirin-containing products are not recommended for people under the age of 19 during fever. Reye's syndrome may occur without aspirin use, and in adults, although very rarely.After the beginning of recovery from the viral illness, the affected person suddenly becomes worse, with the development of persistent vomiting. This may be followed rapidly by quietness, lethargy, agitation or combativeness, seizures, and coma. In infants, diarrhea may be more common than vomiting. Fever is usually absent at this point.DiagnosisReye's syndrome may be suspected in a child who begins vomiting three to six days after a viral illness, followed by an alteration in consciousness. Diagnosis involves blood tests to determine the levels of certain liver enzymes, which are highly elevated in Reye's syndrome. Other blood changes may occur as well, including an increase in the level of ammonia and amino acids, a drop in blood sugar, and an increase in clotting time. A liver biopsy may also be done after clotting abnormalities are corrected with vitamin K or blood products. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be needed to rule out other possible causes, including meningitis or encephalitis.TreatmentReye's syndrome is a life-threatening emergency that requires intensive management. The likelihood of recovery is greatest if it is recognized early and treated promptly. Children with Reye's syndrome should be managed in an intensive-care unit.Treatment in the early stages includes intravenous sugar to return levels to normal and plasma transfusion to restore normal clotting time. Intracranial pressure is monitored, and if elevated, is treated with intravenous mannitol and hyperventilation to constrict the blood vessels in the brain. If the pressure remains high, barbiturates may be used.PrognosisThe mortality rate for Reye's syndrome is between 30-50%. The likelihood of recovery is increased to 90% by early diagnosis and treatment. Almost all children who survive Reye's syndrome recover fully, although recovery may be slow. In some patients, permanent neurologic damage may remain, requiring physical or educational special services and equipment.PreventionBecause Reye's syndrome is so highly correlated with use of aspirin for fever in young people, avoidance of aspirin use by children is strongly recommended. Aspirin is in many over-the-counter and prescription drugs, including drugs for headache, fever, menstrual cramps, muscle pain, nausea, upset stomach, and arthritis. It may be used in drugs taken orally or by suppository.Any of the following ingredients indicates that aspirin is present:- aspirin
- acetylsalicylate
- acetylsalicylic acid
- salicylic acid
- salicylate
Key termsAcetylsalicylic acid — Aspirin; an analgesic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic drug prescribed to reduce fever and for relief of pain and inflammation.Edema — The abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissue.Mitochondria — Small rodlike, threadlike, or granular organelle witin the cytoplasm that function in metabolism and respiration.Teenagers who take their own medications without parental consultation should be warned not to take aspirin-containing drugs.ResourcesOrganizationsNational Reye's Syndrome Foundation. P.O. Box 829, Bryan, OH 43506-0829. (800) 233-7393. 〈http://www.bright.net/∼reyessyn〉.Reye's syndrome [rīz] an acute, potentially fatal disease of childhood, characterized by severe edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and fatty infiltration and dysfunction of the liver. The cause is unknown, but it is almost always associated with a previous viral infection. In the United States, the most frequently reported viral diseases present prior to the development of Reye's syndrome are influenza" >influenza type B and chickenpox" >chickenpox (varicella). At least 14 other viruses are known to have preceded Reye's syndrome. The relationship between these infections and the typical pathologic changes in the brain and liver is not yet clear. However, there is an association between the administration of aspirin for acute febrile illnesses, particularly influenza and varicella, and the subsequent development of Reye's syndrome.
Reye's syndrome was once among the ten major causes of death in children over one year of age. A massive public health campaign was undertaken to warn of the danger of giving aspirin to children with influenza or varicella, and Reye's syndrome now occurs only rarely. Some scientists believe that the disorder was misdiagnosed in the past and that it has always been a major viral disease of children. The prognosis for the disease has been greatly improved with better recognition in its earliest stages and improved modes of therapy.Symptoms. Within several hours to several days after a viral infection the child suddenly develops persistent vomiting, begins to show signs of encephalopathy, and becomes listless, lethargic, and unusually quiet. As intracranial pressure increases the child may become more agitated, irritable, and delirious. In its severest form the disorder causes convulsions and coma. There are no meningeal or focal neurologic signs present, and the cerebrospinal fluid is normal.Treatment. Treatment is aimed at the correction of the hypoglycemia, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Measures are employed to reduce intracranial pressure and to correct metabolic abnormalities. There is no specific medication or treatment that will cure the disease. The child must be monitored continuously, and the fluid imbalances and increased intracranial pressure must be corrected as soon as possible to avoid permanent brain damage. The sooner treatment is initiated the better the prognosis.
Reduction in the mortality rate, which has been reported as low as 25 per cent and as high as 80 per cent, is believed to be the result of increased awareness of the disease, earlier diagnosis, and improved modes of therapy.
Additional information about Reye's syndrome and medical facilities equipped to handle the disease can be obtained by calling or writing to the National Reye's Syndrome Foundation, P.O. Box 829, Bryan, OH 43506, (419) 636–2679.Reye's syndrome (rīz, rāz) or Reye syndrome (rī, rā)n. An acute disorder characterized by encephalopathy and an accumulation of fatty deposits in the liver, resulting in vomiting, disorientation, and coma and occurring mainly in children following a viral infection such as chickenpox or influenza. It is linked to the use of aspirin and other salicylates.Reye's syndrome A severe childhood disorder that may follow a virus infection such as chickenpox, rubella, influenza or a herpes simplex, or echovirus infection. Reye's syndrome features HEPATITIS and dangerous swelling of the brain that may lead to coma and death. The condition is strongly associated with the use of aspirin and this should no longer be routinely given to children. Treatment involves removal of fluid from the brain. (Ralph Douglas Kenneth Reye, 1912–77, Australian physician).AcronymsSeeRSReye's syndrome
Related to Reye's syndrome: black mass, aspirinWords related to Reye's syndromenoun acquired encephalopathy following acute viral infections (especially influenza or chicken pox) in young childrenRelated Words- brain disease
- brain disorder
- encephalopathy
- syndrome
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