| 释义 |
sciatic nerve
sciatic nerven. A sensory and motor nerve originating in the sacral plexus and running through the pelvis and upper leg.sciat′ic nerve′
n. either of a pair of nerves that originate in the sacral plexus of the lower back and extend down the buttocks to the back of the knees, where they divide into other nerves. [1735–45] sci·at·ic nerve (sī-ăt′ĭk) A thick nerve that arises in the lower part of the spine and passes through the pelvis on its way to the back of the leg. It carries sensory information from the leg to the spine and controls the action of many muscles. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  sciatic nerve - arises from the sacral plexus and passes about halfway down the thigh where it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nervesnervus ischiadicusnerve, nervus - any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the bodyleg - a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle |
TranslationsSciatic Nerve
sciatic nerve[sī′ad·ik ′nərv] (neuroscience) Either of a pair of long nerves that originate in the lower spinal cord and send fibers to the upper thigh muscles and the joints, skin, and muscles of the leg. Sciatic Nerve the largest nerve trunk in vertebrate animals and man. It is formed from projections of spinal-cord motor neurons and sensory cells of the spinal ganglia; in man, it is formed from the fourth and fifth pairs of the lumbar nerves and the first to third pairs of the sacral nerves. It emerges through the foramen infrapiriforme as a long branch of the sacral plexus. The sciatic nerve consists of two nerves, the tibial nerve (pre-axial component) and the common peroneal nerve (postaxial component), enclosed in a common connective-tissue membrane. Branches emerging from the sciatic nerve in the femur extend from the musculus gluteus maximus to the popliteal fossa, reaching the posterior muscles and the knee joint; the tibial and common peroneal nerves are separated here as well. The tibial nerve innervates the posterior muscles of the leg and the muscles of the sole; it gives off the medial cutaneous nerve in the leg and innervates the skin of the sole. The common peroneal nerve bifurcates into the deep and superficial peroneal nerves which terminate in the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg, the muscles of the back of the foot, and the skin of the lateral surface of the leg and of the back of the foot. V. V. KUPRIIANOV sciatic nerve
nerve [nerv] a macroscopic cordlike structure of the body, comprising a collection of fibers" >nerve fibers that convey impulses between a part of the central nervous system and some other body region. See Appendix 2-6 and see color plates.
Depending on their function, nerves are known as sensory, motor, or mixed. Sensory nerves, sometimes called afferent nerves, carry information from the outside world, such as sensations of heat, cold, and pain, to the brain and spinal cord. Motor nerves, or efferent nerves, transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles. Mixed nerves are composed of both motor and sensory fibers, and transmit messages in both directions at once.
Together, the nerves make up the peripheral nervous system, as distinguished from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, which carry messages to and from the brain. Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and pass out between the vertebrae; there are 31 pairs, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. The various nerve fibers and cells that make up the autonomic nervous system innervate the glands, heart, blood vessels, and involuntary muscles of the internal organs. Details of structure of components of nerve tissue.accelerator n's the cardiac sympathetic nerves, which, when stimulated, accelerate the action of the heart.acoustic nerve vestibulocochlear nerve; see anatomic Table of Nerves in the Appendices.afferent nerve any nerve that transmits impulses from the periphery toward the central nervous system, such as a sensory nerve. See also neuron.articular nerve any mixed peripheral nerve that supplies a joint and its associated structures.auditory nerve vestibulocochlear nerve; see anatomic Table of Nerves in the Appendices.autonomic nerve any nerve of the autonomic nervous system" >autonomic nervous system; called also visceral nerve.cranial n's see cranial nerves.cutaneous nerve any mixed peripheral nerve that supplies a region of the skin. See anatomic Table of Nerves in the Appendices.depressor nerve 1. a nerve that lessens the activity of an organ.2. an afferent nerve whose stimulation causes a fall in blood pressure.efferent nerve any nerve that carries impulses from the central nervous system toward the periphery, such as a motor nerve. See also neuron.excitor nerve one that transmits impulses resulting in an increase in functional activity.excitoreflex nerve a visceral nerve that produces reflex action.fusimotor n's those that innervate the intrafusal fibers of the muscle spindle.gangliated nerve any nerve of the sympathetic nervous system.inhibitory nerve one that transmits impulses resulting in a decrease in functional activity.medullated nerve myelinated nerve.mixed nerve (nerve of mixed fibers) a nerve composed of both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers.motor nerve a peripheral efferent nerve that stimulates muscle contraction.myelinated nerve one whose axons are encased in a myelin sheath; called also medullated nerve.peripheral nerve any nerve outside the central nervous system.pilomotor n's those that supply the arrector muscles of hair.pressor nerve an afferent nerve whose irritation stimulates a vasomotor center and increases intravascular tension.sciatic nerve see sciatic nerve.secretory nerve an efferent nerve whose stimulation increases vascular activity.sensory nerve a peripheral nerve that conducts impulses from a sense organ to the spinal cord or brain. See also neuron.somatic n's the sensory and motor nerves supplying skeletal muscle and somatic tissues.spinal n's the 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord and passing out through the vertebrae; there are eight cervical, twelve thoracic, five lumbar, five sacral, and one coccygeal. , and see anatomic Table of Nerves in the Appendices. Spinal nerves emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina with muscles or muscle movements listed for specific levels. From McQuillan et al., 2002.splanchnic n's those of the blood vessels and viscera, especially the visceral branches of the thoracic, abdominal (lumbar), and pelvic parts of the sympathetic trunks. See Appendix 3-5.sudomotor n's those that innervate the sweat glands.sympathetic n's 1. see trunk" >sympathetic trunk.2. any nerve of the sympathetic nervous system.trophic nerve one concerned with regulation of nutrition.unmyelinated nerve one whose axons are not encased in a myelin sheath.vasoconstrictor nerve one whose stimulation causes contraction of blood vessels.vasodilator nerve one whose stimulation causes dilation of blood vessels.vasomotor nerve one concerned in controlling the caliber of vessels, whether as a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator.vasosensory nerve any nerve supplying sensory fibers to the vessels.visceral nerve autonomic nerve.
sciatic [si-at´ik] 1. ischial.2. pertaining to or located near the sciatic nerve or vein.sciatic nerve a nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, with branches throughout the lower leg and foot; it is the widest nerve of the body and one of the longest. sciatica" >sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of this nerve. See anatomic Table of Nerves in the Appendices and see Plates.sci·at·ic nerve [TA] arises as the major product of the sacral plexus, exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, and descends in the posterior compartment of the thigh, deep to the long head of biceps femoris nerve; at the apex of the popliteal fossa it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves, although the two may separate at higher levels. Synonym(s): nervus ischiadicus [TA], great sciatic nerve, nervus sciaticussciatic nerven. A sensory and motor nerve originating in the sacral plexus and running through the pelvis and upper leg.sci·at·ic nerve (sī-at'ik nĕrv) [TA] Arises from the sacral plexus, passes through the greater sciatic foramen and down the thigh, deep to the long head of biceps femoris muscle; at the apex of the popliteal fossa it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves, although the two may separate at higher levels.
Synonym(s): nervus ischiadicus [TA] . sciatic nerve The main nerve of the leg and the largest nerve in the body. The sciatic nerve is a mixed MOTOR and sensory nerve. It arises from the lower end of the spinal cord and runs down through the buttock to the back of the thigh. It supplies the muscles of the hip, many of the thigh muscles, all the muscles of the lower leg and foot, and most of the skin of the leg.sciatic nerve
Synonyms for sciatic nervenoun arises from the sacral plexus and passes about halfway down the thigh where it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nervesSynonymsRelated Words |