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DictionarySeescirrhusEncyclopediaSeescirrhusscirrhous carcinoma
carcinoma [kahr″sĭ-no´mah] (pl. carcinomas, carcino´mata) a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases. A form of cancer, carcinoma makes up the majority of the cases of malignancy of the breast, uterus, intestinal tract, skin, and tongue.adenocystic carcinoma (adenoid cystic carcinoma) carcinoma marked by cylinders or bands of hyaline or mucinous stroma separated or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells, occurring in the mammary and salivary glands, and mucous glands of the respiratory tract. Called also cylindroma.alveolar carcinoma bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.basal cell carcinoma the most common form of skin cancer, consisting of an epithelial tumor of the skin originating from neoplastic differentiation of basal cells, rarely metastatic but locally invasive and aggressive. It usually occurs as small pearly nodules or plaques on the face of an older adult, particularly on a sun-exposed area of someone with fair skin. It has been divided into numerous subtypes on the basis of clinical and histological characteristics.basosquamous carcinoma carcinoma that histologically exhibits both basal and squamous elements.bile duct carcinoma 1. cholangiocarcinoma.2. cholangiocellular carcinoma.bronchioalveolar carcinoma (bronchiolar carcinoma) (bronchioloalveolar carcinoma) (bronchoalveolar carcinoma) a variant type of adenocarcinoma of the lung, with columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells lining the alveolar septa and projecting into alveolar spaces in branching papillary formations. Called also alveolar carcinoma or adenocarcinoma and bronchiolar, bronchioloalveolar, or bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma.bronchogenic carcinoma any of a large group of carcinomas of the lung, so called because they arise from the epithelium of the bronchial tree. Four primary subtypes are distinguished: adenocarcinoma of the lung, carcinoma" >large cell carcinoma, carcinoma" >small cell carcinoma, and carcinoma" >squamous cell carcinoma.cholangiocellular carcinoma a rare type of carcinoma" >hepatocellular carcinoma arising from the cholangioles, consisting of two layers of cells surrounding a minute lumen. Called also bile duct carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.chorionic carcinoma choriocarcinoma.clear cell carcinoma 1. clear cell adenocarcinoma.2. renal cell carcinoma.colloid carcinoma mucinous carcinoma.cylindrical cell carcinoma carcinoma in which the cells are cylindrical or nearly so.embryonal carcinoma a highly malignant tumor" >germ cell tumor that is a primitive form of carcinoma, probably of primitive embryonal cell derivation; it usually arises in a gonad and may be found either in pure form or as part of a mixed germ cell tumor.epidermoid carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma.giant cell carcinoma a poorly differentiated, highly malignant, epithelial neoplasm containing many large multinucleated tumor cells, such as occurs in the lungs.hepatocellular carcinoma primary carcinoma of the liver cells with hepatomegaly, jaundice, hemoperitoneum, and other symptoms of the presence of an abdominal mass. It is rare in North America and Western Europe but is one of the most common malignancies in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and elsewhere. A strong association seems to exist with chronic virus" >hepatitis B virus infection.Hürthle cell carcinoma a malignant Hürthle cell tumor.carcinoma in si´tu a neoplasm whose tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane; the likelihood of subsequent invasive growth is presumed to be high.large cell carcinoma a type of carcinoma" >bronchogenic carcinoma of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size, a variety of carcinoma" >squamous cell carcinoma that has undergone further dedifferentiation.medullary carcinoma that composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma.mucinous carcinoma an adenocarcinoma that produces significant amounts of mucin.nasopharyngeal carcinoma a malignant tumor arising in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, occurring at high frequency in people of Chinese descent. The epstein-barr virus has been implicated as a causative agent.non–small cell carcinoma a general term comprising all lung carcinomas except small cell carcinoma, and including adenocarcinoma of the lung, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.oat cell carcinoma a form of carcinoma" >small cell carcinoma in which the cells are round or elongated and slightly larger than lymphocytes; they have scanty cytoplasm and clump poorly.papillary carcinoma carcinoma in which there are papillary growths that are irregular in nature arising from otherwise normal tissue; it can occur in the thyroid gland, the breast, or the bladder. Called also papillocarcinoma.renal cell carcinoma carcinoma of the parenchyma" >renal parenchyma, composed of tubular cells in varying arrangements; called also clear cell carcinoma.scirrhous carcinoma carcinoma with a hard structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. Called also fibrocarcinoma.carcinoma sim´plex an undifferentiated carcinoma.small cell carcinoma a common, highly malignant form of carcinoma" >bronchogenic carcinoma in the wall of a major bronchus, occurring mainly in middle-aged individuals with a history of tobacco smoking; it is radiosensitive and has small oval undifferentiated cells. Metastasis to the hilum and to mediastinal lymph nodes is common.spindle cell carcinoma carcinoma" >squamous cell carcinoma marked by development of rapidly proliferating spindle cells.squamous cell carcinoma 1. carcinoma developed from epithelium" >squamous epithelium, having cuboid cells and characterized by keratinization. Initially local and superficial, the lesion may later invade and metastasize.2. the form occurring in the skin, usually originating in sun-damaged areas or preexisting lesions.3. in the lung, one of the most common types of carcinoma" >bronchogenic carcinoma, generally forming polypoid or sessile masses that obstruct the airways of the bronchi. It usually occurs in middle-aged individuals with a history of smoking. There is frequent invasion of blood and lymphatic vessels with metastasis to regional lymph nodes and other sites. Called also epidermoid carcinoma.transitional cell carcinoma a malignant tumor arising from a transitional type of stratified epithelium, usually affecting the urinary bladder.verrucous carcinoma 1. a variety of squamous cell carcinoma that has a predilection for the buccal mucosa but also affects other oral soft tissue and the larynx. It is slow-growing and somewhat invasive.2. Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, so called because it is histologically similar to the oral lesion.scir·rhous car·ci·no·maa hard carcinoma, fibrous in nature, resulting from a desmoplastic reaction by the stromal tissue to the presence of the neoplastic epithelium.scirrhous carcinoma An older term for the gross findings of “classic” invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, which is characterised by marked induration with “chalky streaks” due to increased deposition of elastin fibres, often accompanied by microcalcifications detectable on mammography.
This term is regarded as unsatisfactory, given that it merely signifies that a tumour is malignant, epithelial and indurated; the most viable generic substitute is carcinoma with productive fibrosis, or when referring to specific "schirrhous" carcinomas, invasive ductal carcinoma (breast) or linitis plastica (stomach).scirrhous carcinoma A nonspecific term of waning popularity for the gross findings of 'classic' invasive ductal CA of breast, characterized by marked induration with 'chalky streaks' due to ↑ deposition of elastin fibers, often accompanied by microcalcifications detectable on mammographyscir·rhous car·ci·no·ma (skir'ŭs kahr'si-nō'mă) A hard carcinoma, fibrous in nature, resulting from a desmoplastic reaction by the stromal tissue.
Synonym(s): fibrocarcinoma. carcinoma (kar?sin-o'ma ) [ carcin- + -oma] A malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue and may infiltrate local tissues or produce metastases. It may affect almost any organ or part of the body and spread by direct extension, through lymphatics, or through the bloodstream. The causes vary with tumor type. Patient careOptimal patient care includes: identifying and explaining to patient and family the type of cancer and its typical natural history; options for treatment, side effects of treatments, expected response of the cancer to the treatment, best predictions for recovery and life expectancy, availability of clinical trials, alternative and complementary therapies, and the potential benefit of referral to specialty cancer centers. acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreasA rare carcinoma that arises from pancreatic cells that manufacture digestive proteins, such as lipase, chymotrypsin, or alpha-1-antitrypsin.alveolar cell carcinomaA type of lung carcinoma. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA BASAL CELL CARCINOMAbasal cell carcinoma Abbreviation: BCC
The most common human cancer, typically found on skin exposed to sun or other forms of ultraviolet light. Although it is sometimes locally invasive, it rarely metastasizes to other organs. Typically it begins as a small, shiny papule. The lesion enlarges to form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed. When the lesion reaches this stage, it is often called a rodent ulcer. After biopsy, the removal method used is determined by the size, location, and appearance of the lesion. Synonym: basal cell epithelioma; epithelial cancer See: illustrationillustrationbronchioloalveolar carcinomaA relatively rare form of non-small cell lung cancer consisting of columnar cells, and in which the tumor arises in the periphery of the lung within the septal borders of the alveoli, which the tumor tends to preserve. The tumor cells frequently produce mucin. bronchogenic carcinomaLung cancer.chorionic carcinomaChoriocarcinoma.choroid plexus carcinomaA cancer that arises from the cells that line the fluid-filled cavities (ventricles) of the brain.carcinoma of the colon See: colorectal cancercolorectal carcinomaColorectal cancer.carcinoma cuniculatumAny slowly growing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, typically presenting as a gradually enlarging warty tumor. ductal carcinoma in situ of breast See: ductal carcinoma in situ of breastembryonal carcinomaAn aggressive germ cell tumor that may metastasize widely. It can occur in young adults of either sex. epidermoid carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma.carcinoma erysipelatoidesMetastatic spreading of cancer, usually from an internal organ to the skin, to which the spreading tumor gives a red, inflammatory appearance.giant cell carcinomaCarcinoma marked by the presence of unusually large cells.glandular carcinomaAdenocarcinoma.keratinocyte carcinomaA cancer arising from cells in the epidermis. It includes basal cell carcinomas, keratoacanthomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. Most keratinocyte carcinomas arise in sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the ears, the temples, the forehead or the nose. carcinoma in situ Abbreviation: CIS
Malignant cell changes in the epithelial tissue that do not extend beyond the basement membrane.medullary carcinomaCarcinoma in which there is a predominance of cells and little fibrous tissue.melanotic carcinomaCarcinoma containing melanin.mucinous carcinomaCarcinoma in which the glandular tissue secretes mucin.neuroendocrine carcinomaAny of a diverse group of malignancies, such as carcinoid, islet cell tumors, neuroblastoma, and small-cell carcinomas of the lung. All have dense core granules and produce polypeptides that can be identified by immunochemical methods. oat cell carcinomaA poorly differentiated carcinoma of the bronchus that contains small oat-shaped cells. Synonym: small cell carcinomacarcinoma of pancreasPancreatic cancer.pancreatic carcinomaPancreatic cancer.papillary carcinoma of the thyroid See: papillary carcinoma of the thyroidrenal cell carcinomaA carcinoma that arises from the proximal tubular cells of the kidney. In 2008 the American Cancer Society estimated there would be about 56,700 new patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and about 13,700 deaths from it. Synonym: hypernephroma; kidney cancerSymptomsBecause of its location in the retroperitoneum, renal cell carcinoma may grow to a relatively large size before it manifests obvious symptoms. The most common findings are blood in the urine (hematuria), flank pain, or a flank mass. Some patients develop fevers, weight loss, or symptoms caused by hormones excreted by the tumor. These hormones (parathyroid-like hormone or erythropoietin) occasionally cause hypercalcemia or abnormal increases in the red blood cell count (erythrocytosis). TreatmentSurgical removal of the affected kidney may be curative for those patients whose tumor has not spread outside the perirenal fascia. Treatment options are less successful for patients with metastatic disease because renal cell carcinomas are relatively resistant to chemotherapy. sarcomatoid carcinomaA carcinoma that contains both epithelial and mesenchymal components. This cancer may arise from cells in the kidney, urinary bladder, or lung. scirrhous carcinomaHard cancer.small cell carcinomaOat cell carcinoma. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAsquamous cell carcinomaCarcinoma that develops primarily from squamous cells, e.g., of the skin or in the mouth, lungs, bronchi, esophagus, or cervix. Synonym: epidermoid carcinoma See: illustrationillustrationillustrationthymic carcinomaA carcinoma found in the anterior mediastinum, usually a squamous cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, or lymphoepithelioma. Many of these tumors release chemically active substances that cause paraneoplastic syndromes. transitional cell carcinomaA carcinoma that originates in cells that line the urinary tract, e.g., in cells that line the inner kidney, the ureters, or the urinary bladder. Synonym: urothelial carcinomaurothelial carcinomaTransitional cell carcinoma.ThesaurusSeecarcinoma |