| 释义 |
plugging
plug P0380500 (plŭg) n. 1. An object, such as a cork or a wad of cloth, used to fill a hole tightly; a stopper. 2. A dense mass of material that obstructs a passage. 3. A usually cylindrical or conic piece cut from something larger, often as a sample. 4. Electricity a. A fitting, commonly with two metal prongs for insertion in a fixed socket, used to connect an appliance to a power supply. b. A spark plug. 5. A hydrant. 6. a. A flat cake of pressed or twisted tobacco. b. A piece of chewing tobacco. 7. Geology A mass of igneous rock filling the vent of a volcano. 8. Informal A favorable public mention of a commercial product, business, or performance, especially when broadcast. 9. Slang Something inferior, useless, or defective, especially an old, worn-out horse. 10. Slang A gunshot or bullet: a plug in the back. 11. A fishing lure having a hook or hooks. v. plugged, plug·ging, plugs v. tr. 1. To fill (a hole) tightly with or as if with a plug; stop up. 2. To insert (something) as a plug: plugged a cork in the bottle. 3. To insert in an appropriate place or position: plug a quarter into the parking meter; plugged the variables into the equation. 4. Slang a. To hit with a bullet; shoot. b. To hit with the fist; punch. 5. Informal To publicize (a product, for example) favorably, as by mentioning on a broadcast: authors who plug their latest books on TV talk shows. v. intr. 1. To become stopped up or obstructed: a gutter that plugged up with leaves. 2. Informal To move or work doggedly and persistently: "You may plug along fifty years before you get anywhere" (Saul Bellow). Phrasal Verbs: plug in 1. To connect (an appliance) to an electrical outlet. 2. To function by being connected to an electrical outlet: a power drill that plugs in. 3. Slang To cause (someone) to use a computer network, the internet, or an electronic device. 4. Slang To become informed about or involved with: was eager to plug in to the campus social scene. plug into 1. To connect or be connected in the manner of an electrical appliance: The local system is plugged into the national telephone network. This computer plugs into a data bank. 2. Slang To cause (someone) to use a computer network, the internet, or an electronic device. 3. Slang To cause to be informed about or involved with: connoisseurs who are plugged into the current art scene.
[Dutch, from Middle Dutch plugge.]
plug′ger n.
IdiomsSeeplugPlugging
plugging[′pləg·iŋ] (electricity) Braking an electric motor by reversing its connections, so it tends to turn in the opposite direction; the circuit is opened automatically when the motor stops, so the motor does not actually reverse. (engineering) The formation of a barrier (plug) of solid material in a process flow system, such as a pipe or reactor. (mining engineering) blinding (petroleum engineering) The act or process of stopping the flow of water, oil, or gas in strata penetrated by a borehole or well so that fluid from one stratum will not escape into another or to the surface; especially the sealing up of a well that is dry and is to be abandoned. Plugging the process of forcing special solutions into rocks. Plugging is used in mining and hydraulic construction to reinforce rock massifs, to waterproof and lay seepage barriers that prevent subsurface water from penetrating mining excavations (mine shafts, shaft bottoms, and drifts) and prevent seepage from penetrating the foundations of hydraulic structures, such as dams. In drilling wells, plugging is used to prevent outflow of water, petroleum, and natural gas from the wells. Plugging operations differ in the plugging solution used—cement, clay, bitumens, and calcium silicate (for rocks) and synthetic resins (for strengthening rock massifs). Combinations of substances are also used. In mine construction, preliminary plugging is carried out prior to excavating. A specific plugging operation consists in injecting solutions under low pressure (up to 1 technical atmosphere) into the gap between the mine supports and the rock walls of shafts or other excavations to ensure the uniform transfer of rock pressure to the supports from all directions. In the construction of hydraulic structures, plugging is carried out through boreholes sunk into the foundation of the structure. Solutions can also be injected into friable, unstable rocks through pipes driven into the rocks. An integrated method of plugging rocks by using clay mortars with small amounts of reagents (cross-linking agents), such as cement and sodium silicate (water glass), came into use in the USSR in the 1970’s. With this process it is possible to make engineering calculations of the plugging process from preliminary hy-drodynamic investigations of the rock massif. REFERENCESAdamovich, A. N., and D. V. Koltunov. Tsementatsiia osnovanii gidrosooruzhenii, 2nd ed. Moscow-Leningrad, 1964.
Trupak, N. G. Spetsial’nye sposoby provedeniia gornykh vyrabotok, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1964.
Cambefort, A. In”ektsiia gruntov. Moscow, 1971. (Translated from French.)
Bulatov, A. I. Tekhnologiia tsementirovaniia neftianykh i gazovykh skvazhin. Moscow, 1973.IU. I. SVIRSKII pluggingFilling a hole, drilled in masonry, with a fiber, plastic, or wood plug into which a screw can be driven.FinancialSeePlug |