Tumulus Culture

(1) An archaeological culture of the middle and late Bronze Age widespread in Central Europe from 1450 to 1250 B.C. It is represented by burial grounds, settlements (little studied), and treasures of bronze objects and ingots. It is divided into several local groups, whose common traits are the custom of constructing burial mounds, similar types of bronze articles, and the increased importance of stock raising in the economy. The burial grounds usually consist of several dozen burials (inhumation and sometimes cremation). The articles found include bronze ornaments (pins, spiral armlets, pendants), weapons, tools, and pottery with incised and stamped ornamentation.

REFERENCE

Čujanová-Jilková, E. “Hügelgräberkultur.” In J. Filip, Enzyklopädisches Handbuch zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Europas, vol. 1. Prague, 1966.
(2) An archaeological culture of the early Iron Age widespread in Japan in the fourth to sixth centuries A.D. (also known as the Tomb culture). It superseded the local cultures of the Bronze Age—the Sword culture and the Bell culture—whose traditions continued to develop in the Tumulus culture. The culture is characterized by the burial of feudal tribal nobility in large shoe-shaped tumuli with stone burial chambers and sarcophagi. The articles found include pottery, stone votive objects, iron weapons, mirrors, and curved jasper pendants (magatama); these articles were also a feature of the Sword culture. Arrows and pottery similar to those of the Bell culture have been found in the settlements, as well as farming tools. The Tumulus culture directly preceded the early medieval culture of the Asuka-Nara epoch, from which the first Japanese chronicles have come down to the present.

REFERENCES

Vorob’ev, M. V. Drevniaia Iaponiia. Moscow, 1958.
Kidder, J. E. Japan Before Buddhism. London, 1959.

单词	tumulus culture
释义	Tumulus Culture Tumulus Culture (1) An archaeological culture of the middle and late Bronze Age widespread in Central Europe from 1450 to 1250 B.C. It is represented by burial grounds, settlements (little studied), and treasures of bronze objects and ingots. It is divided into several local groups, whose common traits are the custom of constructing burial mounds, similar types of bronze articles, and the increased importance of stock raising in the economy. The burial grounds usually consist of several dozen burials (inhumation and sometimes cremation). The articles found include bronze ornaments (pins, spiral armlets, pendants), weapons, tools, and pottery with incised and stamped ornamentation. REFERENCE Čujanová-Jilková, E. “Hügelgräberkultur.” In J. Filip, Enzyklopädisches Handbuch zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Europas, vol. 1. Prague, 1966. (2) An archaeological culture of the early Iron Age widespread in Japan in the fourth to sixth centuries A.D. (also known as the Tomb culture). It superseded the local cultures of the Bronze Age—the Sword culture and the Bell culture—whose traditions continued to develop in the Tumulus culture. The culture is characterized by the burial of feudal tribal nobility in large shoe-shaped tumuli with stone burial chambers and sarcophagi. The articles found include pottery, stone votive objects, iron weapons, mirrors, and curved jasper pendants (magatama); these articles were also a feature of the Sword culture. Arrows and pottery similar to those of the Bell culture have been found in the settlements, as well as farming tools. The Tumulus culture directly preceded the early medieval culture of the Asuka-Nara epoch, from which the first Japanese chronicles have come down to the present. REFERENCES Vorob’ev, M. V. Drevniaia Iaponiia. Moscow, 1958. Kidder, J. E. Japan Before Buddhism. London, 1959.
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