ribozyme

ri·bo·zyme

R0231550 (rī′bə-zīm′)n. An RNA molecule that acts as a catalyst, especially for the cleavage of RNA strands at specific sites.

[ribo(nucleic acid) + (en)zyme.]

ribozyme

(ˈraɪbəʊˌzaɪm) n (Biochemistry) an RNA molecule capable of catalysing a chemical reaction, usually the cleavage of another RNA molecule[C20: from ribo(nucleic acid) + (en)zyme]

ri•bo•zyme

(ˈraɪ bəˌzaɪm)
n. a segment of RNA that can act as a catalyst. [1985–90; ribo(some) + (en)zyme] ri`bo•zy′mal, adj.

ribozyme

Ribozyme

A ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule that, like a protein, can catalyze specific biochemical reactions. Examples include self-splicing rRNA and RNase P, both involved in catalyzing RNA processing reactions (that is, the biochemical reactions that convert a newly synthesized RNA molecule to its mature form). Different ribozyme structures catalyze quite distinct RNA processing reactions, just as protein enzyme families that are composed of different structures catalyze different types of biochemical reactions.

Ribozymes share many similarities with protein enzymes, as assessed by two parameters that are used to describe a biological catalyst. The Michaelis-Menten constant K_m relates to the affinity that the catalyst has for its substrate, and ribozymes possess K_m values which are comparable to K_m values of protein enzymes. The catalytic rate constant describes how efficiently a catalyst converts substrate into product. The values of this constant for ribozymes are markedly lower than those values observed for protein enzymes. Nevertheless, ribozymes accelerate the rate of chemical reaction with specific substrates by 10¹¹ compared with the rate observed for the corresponding uncatalyzed, spontaneous reaction. Therefore, ribozymes and protein enzymes are capable of lowering to similar extents the activation energy for chemical reaction. See Enzyme, Protein, Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

ribozyme

[′rīb·ə‚zīm] (biochemistry) A ribonucleic acid molecule that can catalyze, or lower the activation energy for, specific biochemical reactions.

ribozyme

ri·bo·zyme

(rī'bō-zīm), A nonprotein RNA biocatalyst; several cleave precursors of tRNA to yield functional tRNAs; others act on rRNA; plays a key role in intron splicing events. Synonym(s): organic catalyst (1) , RNA enzyme [ribonucleic acid + -zyme]

ribozyme

(rī′bə-zīm′)n. An RNA molecule that acts as a catalyst, especially for the cleavage of RNA strands at specific sites.

ribozyme

One of a unique class of RNA molecules that can act as cleaving enzymes in addition to storing genetic information. This is a notable exception to the general rule that all enzymes are proteins. Ribozymes form complementary base pairs in the normal manner but can cleave segments of nascent RNA during the splicing process of the formation of mature RNA transcripts of DNA. Ribozymes can be used in various ways as treatment modalities.

ribozyme

an RNA molecule with catalytic activity. Ribozymes include (a) molecules involved in processing RNA precursor molecules by cleaving PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS, for example in self-SPLICING of some precursor rRNA INTRONS; and (b) molecules catalysing key cellular reactions, for example rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit (see RIBOSOME), which is closely involved with the peptidyl transferase activity that catalyses PEPTIDE BOND formation in TRANSLATION. Ribozymes are found in EUCARYOTES, PROKARYOTES, VIRUSES and VIROIDS.

单词	ribozyme
释义	ribozyme ri·bo·zyme R0231550 (rī′bə-zīm′)n. An RNA molecule that acts as a catalyst, especially for the cleavage of RNA strands at specific sites. [ribo(nucleic acid) + (en)zyme.] ribozyme (ˈraɪbəʊˌzaɪm) n (Biochemistry) an RNA molecule capable of catalysing a chemical reaction, usually the cleavage of another RNA molecule[C20: from ribo(nucleic acid) + (en)zyme] ri•bo•zyme (ˈraɪ bəˌzaɪm) n. a segment of RNA that can act as a catalyst. [1985–90; ribo(some) + (en)zyme] ri`bo•zy′mal, adj. ribozyme Ribozyme A ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule that, like a protein, can catalyze specific biochemical reactions. Examples include self-splicing rRNA and RNase P, both involved in catalyzing RNA processing reactions (that is, the biochemical reactions that convert a newly synthesized RNA molecule to its mature form). Different ribozyme structures catalyze quite distinct RNA processing reactions, just as protein enzyme families that are composed of different structures catalyze different types of biochemical reactions. Ribozymes share many similarities with protein enzymes, as assessed by two parameters that are used to describe a biological catalyst. The Michaelis-Menten constant K_m relates to the affinity that the catalyst has for its substrate, and ribozymes possess K_m values which are comparable to K_m values of protein enzymes. The catalytic rate constant describes how efficiently a catalyst converts substrate into product. The values of this constant for ribozymes are markedly lower than those values observed for protein enzymes. Nevertheless, ribozymes accelerate the rate of chemical reaction with specific substrates by 10¹¹ compared with the rate observed for the corresponding uncatalyzed, spontaneous reaction. Therefore, ribozymes and protein enzymes are capable of lowering to similar extents the activation energy for chemical reaction. See Enzyme, Protein, Ribonucleic acid (RNA) ribozyme [′rīb·ə‚zīm] (biochemistry) A ribonucleic acid molecule that can catalyze, or lower the activation energy for, specific biochemical reactions. ribozyme ri·bo·zyme (rī'bō-zīm), A nonprotein RNA biocatalyst; several cleave precursors of tRNA to yield functional tRNAs; others act on rRNA; plays a key role in intron splicing events. Synonym(s): organic catalyst (1) , RNA enzyme [ribonucleic acid + -zyme] ribozyme (rī′bə-zīm′)n. An RNA molecule that acts as a catalyst, especially for the cleavage of RNA strands at specific sites. ribozyme One of a unique class of RNA molecules that can act as cleaving enzymes in addition to storing genetic information. This is a notable exception to the general rule that all enzymes are proteins. Ribozymes form complementary base pairs in the normal manner but can cleave segments of nascent RNA during the splicing process of the formation of mature RNA transcripts of DNA. Ribozymes can be used in various ways as treatment modalities. ribozyme an RNA molecule with catalytic activity. Ribozymes include (a) molecules involved in processing RNA precursor molecules by cleaving PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS, for example in self-SPLICING of some precursor rRNA INTRONS; and (b) molecules catalysing key cellular reactions, for example rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit (see RIBOSOME), which is closely involved with the peptidyl transferase activity that catalyses PEPTIDE BOND formation in TRANSLATION. Ribozymes are found in EUCARYOTES, PROKARYOTES, VIRUSES and VIROIDS. AcronymsSeeRBZ
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