Ward, Frederick Townsend

Ward, Frederick Townsend,

1831–62, American adventurer, b. Salem, Mass. A soldier of fortune, he served with William WalkerWalker, William,
1824–60, American filibuster in Nicaragua, b. Nashville, Tenn. Walker, a qualified doctor, a lawyer, and a journalist by the time he was 24, sought a more adventurous career.
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 in Nicaragua and with the French forces in the Crimean War. Ward arrived in Shanghai in 1859, when the Taiping RebellionTaiping Rebellion,
1850–64, revolt against the Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty of China. It was led by Hung Hsiu-ch'üan, a visionary from Guangdong who evolved a political creed and messianic religious ideology influenced by elements of Protestant Christianity.
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 was at its height. Hired by the Chinese authorities to help quell it, he raised troops, cleared the Shanghai area of rebels, and won many successes near Shanghai and Ningpo. Killed in an attack, he was buried in a tomb at Songjiang, Shanghai, which had been his headquarters. His armed force became the nucleus of the victorious army of Charles George GordonGordon, Charles George,
1833–85, British soldier and administrator. He served in the Crimean War, went to China in the expedition of 1860, taking part in the capture of Beijing, and in 1863 took over the command of F. T.
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 (Chinese Gordon).

Ward, Frederick Townsend

(1831–62) soldier of fortune; born in Salem, Mass. Sent to sea at age 15 as punishment by his father, he soon became a mercenary—with William Walker in Mexico, with Garibaldi in Italy, and with the French in the Crimean War. In 1859 he arrived in a China torn by civil war; he offered his services to the Manchu Dynasty leaders and during the next three years he led Chinese troops to many victories. Quick to adopt new methods of warfare and armor, concerned for his troops, he was fearless and tireless in combat (he was wounded 15 times) and was killed in a battle at Tzeki.