window period

1. a critical interval of time.
See also: window (2).
See also: incubation period. 2. the interval that elapses between infection or inoculation with a pathogen and the onset of symptoms or of detectability of infection by laboratory testing.
See also: incubation period. 3. the time between infection with a bloodborne virus and the appearance of specific laboratory evidence of infection in a specimen of blood obtained from the asymptomatic host for the purpose of diagnostic screening, or in blood or blood products donated by the host.

In clinical medicine and blood banking, the window period (sense 3 above) refers to the earlier part of the incubation period of an infectious disease, during which the host is or may be infectious to others, but where the presence of infection has not yet caused symptoms and cannot be detected by laboratory testing. Bloodborne viral infections, particularly those due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), can be transmitted sexually, by sharing of needles among intravenous drug abusers, from mother to fetus, by transfusion of blood or blood products, and by accidental needlestick injuries among health care workers. The window periods of these infections are of critical importance in the early detection of transmissible infection in asymptomatic people and in the screening of donor blood. Because those harboring these viruses typically become infectious well before the end of the window period, the challenge is to shorten the period as much as possible by the use of maximally sensitive tests. An important limitation in determining the window period is the difficulty of fixing its beginning, which requires precise knowledge of the time when infection was acquired-often not available except in cases of accidental exposure to body fluids in health care workers, as in needlestick injuries. The definition of the window period has evolved with the emergence of increasingly sensitive tests to detect infection. Early definitions were based on the interval between infection and the appearance of detectable antibody to virus. The development of tests for the presence of viral antigen in plasma shortened the window period, permitting detection of viral material and infectivity before the occurrence of an immune response. Nucleic acid testing, involving detection of viral DNA or RNA after amplification of the specimen by polymerase chain reaction, has reduced the window period for detection of HCV from 82-25 days and of HIV from 22-12 days.

Infectious disease The period during which a pathogen can be detected in a patient specimen by nucleic acid testing, but not by serology, as the patient’s immune system has not yet responded to the pathogen by producing measurable levels of antibodies
Toxicology The period which corresponds to the interval between ingestion of lethal quantities of a drug or toxin, and development of irreversible organ damage

window period

AIDS An interval between initial infection of HIV and development of anti-HIV-1 antibodies, usually 3–6 months Immunology An interval between the time of inoculation or exposure to a microorganism, usually viral, and the ability to detect its presence by serologic assays which detect the production of antibodies by the host, or the presence of the pathogen's antigens

win·dow pe·ri·od

(windō pērē-ŏd) 1. Critical time interval.2. Time between infection with a bloodborne virus and the appearance of specific laboratory evidence of infection in a specimen of blood obtained from the asymptomatic host for the purpose of diagnostic screening, or in blood or blood products donated by the host.

window period

Window period

The allotted time for parties to release themselves from any obligations to a contract without penalty; the period between the filing of a registration statement of a new security with the SEC and the date that security can be issued; the period in which company employees, executives, and other insiders are allowed to trade the company's stock. See Effective date

Window Period

The period of time during which the SEC allows executives and certain employees to trade in stock of their own company. Window periods exist in order to prevent insider trading while also allowing executives to keep skin in the game.

window period

The time interval during which a company permits its executives and key employees to trade its stock. See also blackout period.

单词	window period
释义	window period window period 1. a critical interval of time. See also: window (2). See also: incubation period. 2. the interval that elapses between infection or inoculation with a pathogen and the onset of symptoms or of detectability of infection by laboratory testing. See also: incubation period. 3. the time between infection with a bloodborne virus and the appearance of specific laboratory evidence of infection in a specimen of blood obtained from the asymptomatic host for the purpose of diagnostic screening, or in blood or blood products donated by the host. In clinical medicine and blood banking, the window period (sense 3 above) refers to the earlier part of the incubation period of an infectious disease, during which the host is or may be infectious to others, but where the presence of infection has not yet caused symptoms and cannot be detected by laboratory testing. Bloodborne viral infections, particularly those due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), can be transmitted sexually, by sharing of needles among intravenous drug abusers, from mother to fetus, by transfusion of blood or blood products, and by accidental needlestick injuries among health care workers. The window periods of these infections are of critical importance in the early detection of transmissible infection in asymptomatic people and in the screening of donor blood. Because those harboring these viruses typically become infectious well before the end of the window period, the challenge is to shorten the period as much as possible by the use of maximally sensitive tests. An important limitation in determining the window period is the difficulty of fixing its beginning, which requires precise knowledge of the time when infection was acquired-often not available except in cases of accidental exposure to body fluids in health care workers, as in needlestick injuries. The definition of the window period has evolved with the emergence of increasingly sensitive tests to detect infection. Early definitions were based on the interval between infection and the appearance of detectable antibody to virus. The development of tests for the presence of viral antigen in plasma shortened the window period, permitting detection of viral material and infectivity before the occurrence of an immune response. Nucleic acid testing, involving detection of viral DNA or RNA after amplification of the specimen by polymerase chain reaction, has reduced the window period for detection of HCV from 82-25 days and of HIV from 22-12 days. Infectious disease The period during which a pathogen can be detected in a patient specimen by nucleic acid testing, but not by serology, as the patient’s immune system has not yet responded to the pathogen by producing measurable levels of antibodies Toxicology The period which corresponds to the interval between ingestion of lethal quantities of a drug or toxin, and development of irreversible organ damage window period AIDS An interval between initial infection of HIV and development of anti-HIV-1 antibodies, usually 3–6 months Immunology An interval between the time of inoculation or exposure to a microorganism, usually viral, and the ability to detect its presence by serologic assays which detect the production of antibodies by the host, or the presence of the pathogen's antigens win·dow pe·ri·od (windō pērē-ŏd) 1. Critical time interval.2. Time between infection with a bloodborne virus and the appearance of specific laboratory evidence of infection in a specimen of blood obtained from the asymptomatic host for the purpose of diagnostic screening, or in blood or blood products donated by the host. window period Window period The allotted time for parties to release themselves from any obligations to a contract without penalty; the period between the filing of a registration statement of a new security with the SEC and the date that security can be issued; the period in which company employees, executives, and other insiders are allowed to trade the company's stock. See Effective date Window Period The period of time during which the SEC allows executives and certain employees to trade in stock of their own company. Window periods exist in order to prevent insider trading while also allowing executives to keep skin in the game. window period The time interval during which a company permits its executives and key employees to trade its stock. See also blackout period.
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