Zener Cards

Zener cards, a measurable, unambiguous way of testing for ESP. Courtesy Fortean Picture Library.

Zener Cards

(religion, spiritualism, and occult)

Zener cards are a deck of twenty-five cards designed in the 1930s by Dr. Karl E. Zener, an associate of Dr. Joseph Banks Rhine. They are used in testing for extrasensory perception and are sometimes referred to simply as “ESP cards.” The deck includes five each of five different designs: a circle, a cross, three wavy lines, a square, and a star.

The procedure as originally used by Rhine was to have a subject guess the sequence of the symbols in the deck, after it had been well shuffled to ensure a random order. The expected average of correct guesses was five. This is known as the “mean chance expectation,” or MCE. The point of the experiment is to see if the subject can guess significantly higher, or significantly lower, than the MCE.

Sources:

Broughton, Richard S.: Parapsychology: The Controversial Science. New York: Ballantine, 1991Buckland, Raymond: The Fortune–Telling Book: The Encyclopedia of Divination and Soothsaying. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 2004Guiley, Rosemary Ellen: Harper’s Encyclopedia of Mystical & Paranormal Experience. San Francisco: Harper SanFrancisco, 1991

单词	zener cards
释义	Zener Cards Zener cards, a measurable, unambiguous way of testing for ESP. Courtesy Fortean Picture Library. Zener Cards (religion, spiritualism, and occult) Zener cards are a deck of twenty-five cards designed in the 1930s by Dr. Karl E. Zener, an associate of Dr. Joseph Banks Rhine. They are used in testing for extrasensory perception and are sometimes referred to simply as “ESP cards.” The deck includes five each of five different designs: a circle, a cross, three wavy lines, a square, and a star. The procedure as originally used by Rhine was to have a subject guess the sequence of the symbols in the deck, after it had been well shuffled to ensure a random order. The expected average of correct guesses was five. This is known as the “mean chance expectation,” or MCE. The point of the experiment is to see if the subject can guess significantly higher, or significantly lower, than the MCE. Sources: Broughton, Richard S.: Parapsychology: The Controversial Science. New York: Ballantine, 1991Buckland, Raymond: The Fortune–Telling Book: The Encyclopedia of Divination and Soothsaying. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 2004Guiley, Rosemary Ellen: Harper’s Encyclopedia of Mystical & Paranormal Experience. San Francisco: Harper SanFrancisco, 1991
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