Zoshchenko, Mikhail Mikhailovich

(mēkhəyēl mēkhī`ləvĭch zô`shchənkô), 1895–1958, Soviet humorist. Zoshchenko was born in Poltava, but spent most of his life in St. Petersburg where he attended the university. His first collection of short stories (1922) was a major success, and he became one of the most popular Soviet writers of the 1920s and 30s, poking fun at everything, while maintaining his artistic independence. His longer works, Youth Restored (1933) and The Blue Book (1936), combine fiction and nonfiction. Before Sunrise (1943) is autobiographical. A victim of the 1946 literary purge, Zoshchenko was expelled from the Union of Soviet Writers and his works were banned. His stories were not published again until 1956.

Bibliography

See his Scenes from the Bathhouse, ed. by S. Monas and M. Slonim (tr. 1961), Nervous People and Other Satires, ed. by H. McLean (tr. 1963), and The Woman Who Could Not Read (tr. 1940, repr. 1973).

Zoshchenko, Mikhail Mikhailovich

Born July 29 (Aug. 10), 1895, in St. Petersburg; died July 22, 1958, in Leningrad. Soviet Russian satirical writer.

While a student in the law department of the University of St. Petersburg, Zoshchenko left for the front as a volunteer in World War I. He was wounded and demobilized with the rank of captain second grade. In 1918 he joined the Red Army as a volunteer. Zoshchenko began to appear in print in 1922. He belonged to the literary group known as the Serapion Brethren. His first book, Stones of Nazar IVich, Mr. Sine-briukhov (1922), and the stories that followed it brought the author wide fame. In each of these stories, a tale is told by a hero-narrator about petit bourgeois people attempting to feel comfortable in new conditions, confident that the revolution had occurred to provide them with a trouble-free existence. Zoshchenko often contrasts the foolishness, coarseness, and egotism of his “heroes” with dreams about the pure amicability and spiritual delicacy that will govern relations between people in the future (for example, his stories The Sorrows of Werther, 1933, and The Lights of the Big City, 1936).

Topical satires occupy a significant place in Zoshchenko’s creative work: in them the writer directly comments on contemporary events. He also wrote longer works differing in genre and manner of narration: the novellas Mishel’ Siniagin (1930), Restored Youth (1933), The Blue Book (1934), Kerensky (1937), and Taras Shevchenko (1939) and the satirical plays The Canvas Briefcase (1939) and Let the Unfortunate Cry (1946). Some of Zoshchenko’s works (among them, the novella Before Sunrise, 1943) were sharply criticized in the press. He translated the Finnish author Maiju Lassila’s novellas For Matches and Born Twice. His books have been reprinted many times and frequently translated into foreign languages. Zoshchenko was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and several medals.

WORKS

Sobr. soch., vols. 1–6. Moscow, 1929–31.
Izbrannye rasskazy i povesti, 1923–1956. Leningrad, 1956.
Rasskazy, fel’etony, komedii: Neizdannye proizvedeniia. Moscow-Leningrad, 1963.
Izbr. proizv., vols. 1–2. Leningrad, 1968. (With a preface by P. Gromov.)

REFERENCES

Mikhail Zoshchenko: Stat’ii materialy. Leningrad, 1928. (Articles by V. Shklovskii, A. Barmin, V. Vinogradov, and others.)
Fedin, K. “Mikhail Zoshchenko.” In Pisatel’, iskusstvo i vremia. Moscow, 1961.
“M. Gor’kii i sovetskie pisateli: Neizd. perepiska.” In Literaturnoe nasledstvo, vol. 70. Moscow, 1963.
Russkie sovetskie pisateli-prozaiki: Bio-bibliograficheskii ukazatel’, vol. 2. Leningrad, 1964.

G. N. MUNBLIT

单词	zoshchenko, mikhail mikhailovich
释义	Zoshchenko, Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko, Mikhail Mikhailovich (mēkhəyēl mēkhī`ləvĭch zô`shchənkô), 1895–1958, Soviet humorist. Zoshchenko was born in Poltava, but spent most of his life in St. Petersburg where he attended the university. His first collection of short stories (1922) was a major success, and he became one of the most popular Soviet writers of the 1920s and 30s, poking fun at everything, while maintaining his artistic independence. His longer works, Youth Restored (1933) and The Blue Book (1936), combine fiction and nonfiction. Before Sunrise (1943) is autobiographical. A victim of the 1946 literary purge, Zoshchenko was expelled from the Union of Soviet Writers and his works were banned. His stories were not published again until 1956. Bibliography See his Scenes from the Bathhouse, ed. by S. Monas and M. Slonim (tr. 1961), Nervous People and Other Satires, ed. by H. McLean (tr. 1963), and The Woman Who Could Not Read (tr. 1940, repr. 1973). Zoshchenko, Mikhail Mikhailovich Born July 29 (Aug. 10), 1895, in St. Petersburg; died July 22, 1958, in Leningrad. Soviet Russian satirical writer. While a student in the law department of the University of St. Petersburg, Zoshchenko left for the front as a volunteer in World War I. He was wounded and demobilized with the rank of captain second grade. In 1918 he joined the Red Army as a volunteer. Zoshchenko began to appear in print in 1922. He belonged to the literary group known as the Serapion Brethren. His first book, Stones of Nazar IVich, Mr. Sine-briukhov (1922), and the stories that followed it brought the author wide fame. In each of these stories, a tale is told by a hero-narrator about petit bourgeois people attempting to feel comfortable in new conditions, confident that the revolution had occurred to provide them with a trouble-free existence. Zoshchenko often contrasts the foolishness, coarseness, and egotism of his “heroes” with dreams about the pure amicability and spiritual delicacy that will govern relations between people in the future (for example, his stories The Sorrows of Werther, 1933, and The Lights of the Big City, 1936). Topical satires occupy a significant place in Zoshchenko’s creative work: in them the writer directly comments on contemporary events. He also wrote longer works differing in genre and manner of narration: the novellas Mishel’ Siniagin (1930), Restored Youth (1933), The Blue Book (1934), Kerensky (1937), and Taras Shevchenko (1939) and the satirical plays The Canvas Briefcase (1939) and Let the Unfortunate Cry (1946). Some of Zoshchenko’s works (among them, the novella Before Sunrise, 1943) were sharply criticized in the press. He translated the Finnish author Maiju Lassila’s novellas For Matches and Born Twice. His books have been reprinted many times and frequently translated into foreign languages. Zoshchenko was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and several medals. WORKS Sobr. soch., vols. 1–6. Moscow, 1929–31. Izbrannye rasskazy i povesti, 1923–1956. Leningrad, 1956. Rasskazy, fel’etony, komedii: Neizdannye proizvedeniia. Moscow-Leningrad, 1963. Izbr. proizv., vols. 1–2. Leningrad, 1968. (With a preface by P. Gromov.) REFERENCES Mikhail Zoshchenko: Stat’ii materialy. Leningrad, 1928. (Articles by V. Shklovskii, A. Barmin, V. Vinogradov, and others.) Fedin, K. “Mikhail Zoshchenko.” In Pisatel’, iskusstvo i vremia. Moscow, 1961. “M. Gor’kii i sovetskie pisateli: Neizd. perepiska.” In Literaturnoe nasledstvo, vol. 70. Moscow, 1963. Russkie sovetskie pisateli-prozaiki: Bio-bibliograficheskii ukazatel’, vol. 2. Leningrad, 1964. G. N. MUNBLIT
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