Çiftlik

in the Ottoman Empire:

(1) A tract of land held by a peasant that could be worked with one team of oxen. In the late 16th century peasant holders of çiftliks became sharecropping tenants.

(2) A feudal holding, originally a grant, that was given to feudal lords on condition that they pay a tithe to the treasury or provide one soldier for the sultan’s army. In the late 16th century it became a hereditary holding. In the first half of the 19th century the çiftlik was a large estate of a member of the gentry.

单词	çiftlik
释义	Çiftlik Çiftlik in the Ottoman Empire: (1) A tract of land held by a peasant that could be worked with one team of oxen. In the late 16th century peasant holders of çiftliks became sharecropping tenants. (2) A feudal holding, originally a grant, that was given to feudal lords on condition that they pay a tithe to the treasury or provide one soldier for the sultan’s army. In the late 16th century it became a hereditary holding. In the first half of the 19th century the çiftlik was a large estate of a member of the gentry.
随便看	burial at sea burial-at-sea burial case burial chamber burial & cremation advisory group burial customs burial form burial garment burial ground burial grounds burial insurance burial mask burial metamorphism burial mound burial mounds burial of the sardine burial operations support system burial place burial rights burials burial service burial shroud burial site burial vault burian, emil frantisek