babesiosis

enUK

babesiosis

(bəbē'bēō`sĭs), tick-borne disease caused by a protozoanprotozoan
, informal term for the unicellular heterotrophs of the kingdom Protista. Protozoans comprise a large, diverse assortment of microscopic or near-microscopic organisms that live as single cells or in simple colonies and that show no differentiation into tissues.
..... Click the link for more information. of the genus Babesia. Babesiosis most commonly affects domestic and wild animals and can be a serious problem in cattle, but since the mid-20th cent. the disease has also been found in humans. In most cases the protozoal species is specific to a single host. The organisms enter the blood via a tick bite, then infect the red blood cells where they reproduce by cell division.

Human babesiosis, sometimes called Nantucket fever, was first diagnosed in healthy individuals after an outbreak on Nantucket Island, off the coast of Massachusetts, in the 1970s. The causative organisms are related to those that causes malariamalaria,
infectious parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is frequently recurrent. Malaria is common in Africa, Central and South America, the Mediterranean countries, Asia, and many of the Pacific islands.
..... Click the link for more information. , and are transmitted by the black-legged, or deer, ticks that also host the organisms that cause Lyme diseaseLyme disease
or Lyme borreliosis,
a nonfatal bacterial infection that causes symptoms ranging from fever and headache to a painful swelling of the joints. The first American case of Lyme's characteristic rash was documented in 1970 and the disease was first identified
..... Click the link for more information. and human erhlichiosisehrlichiosis
, any of several diseases caused by rickettsia of the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. Ehrlichiosis is transmitted by ticks. Both human forms tend to develop about nine days after a tick bite.
..... Click the link for more information. . Babesiosis can also be transmitted through blood transfusion. The main symptoms are fever and chills, but especially in the elderly and in persons who have a compromised immune system or have had a splenectomy babesiosis can be more severe and sometimes fatal. Treatment is with a combination of antimalarial drugs.

babesiosis

enUK

Babesiosis

Definition

Babesiosis is an infection of red blood cells caused by the single-celled parasite, Babesia microti, which is spread to humans by a tick bite.

Description

Babesiosis is a rare, tick-transmitted disease that is caused most often by the single-celled parasite Babesia microti. By 1995, fewer than 500 cases of babesiosis had been reported in the United States. The disease occurs primarily in New England and New York, especially on the coastal islands. However, cases have occurred in other parts of the United States. Because of tick activity, the risk for babesiosis is highest during June and July.Ticks are small, blood-sucking arachnids. Although some ticks carry diseasecausing organisms, most do not. Babesia microti is spread to humans through the bite of the tick Ixodes scapularis (also called Ixodes dammini). Ixodes scapularis, called the "blacklegged deer tick," usually feeds on deer and mice. A tick picks up the parasites by feeding on an infected mouse and then passes them on by biting a new host, possibly a human. To pass on the parasites, the tick must be attached to the skin for 36-48 hours. Once in the bloodstream, Babesia microti enters a red blood cell, reproduces by cell division, and destroys the cell, causing anemia. Humans infected with Babesia microti produce antibodies that can be helpful in diagnosing the infection.

Causes and symptoms

Babesia microti live and divide within red blood cells, destroying the cells and causing anemia. The majority of people who are infected have no visible symptoms. In those who become ill, symptoms appear one to six weeks following the tick bite. Because the ticks are small, many patients have no recollection of a tick bite. The symptoms are flu-like and include tiredness, loss of appetite, fever, drenching sweats, and muscle pain. Nausea, vomiting, headache, shaking chills, blood in the urine, and depression can occur.Persons who are over 40 years old, have had their spleen removed (splenectomized), and/or have a serious disease (cancer, AIDS, etc.) are at a greater risk for severe babesiosis. In severe cases of babesiosis, up to 85% of the blood cells can be infected. This causes a serious, possibly fatal, blood deficiency.

Diagnosis

Babesiosis can be diagnosed by examining a blood sample microscopically and detecting the presence of Babesia microti within the blood cells. The blood can also be checked for the presence of antibodies to the parasite.

Treatment

In serious cases, babesiosis is treated with a combination of clindamycin (Cleocin) and quinine. Clindamycin is given by injection and quinine is given orally three to four times a day for four to seven days. To reduce the number of parasites in the blood, severely ill patients have been treated with blood transfusions.

Prognosis

Otherwise healthy patients will recover completely. Babesiosis may last several months without treatment and is a severe, potentially fatal disease in splenectomized patients.

Prevention

The only prevention for babesiosis is to minimize exposure to ticks by staying on trails when walking through the woods, avoiding tall grasses, wearing long sleeves and tucking pant legs into socks, wearing insect repellent, and checking for ticks after an outing. Remove a tick as soon as possible by grasping the tick with tweezers and gently pulling. Splenectomized people should avoid northeastern coastal regions during the tick season.

Resources

Other

Mayo Clinic Online. March 5, 1998. http://www.mayohealth.org.

Key terms

Anemia — A below normal number of red blood cells in the bloodstream.Parasite — An organism that lives upon or within another organism.

babesiosis

[bah-be″ze-o´sis] a group of tickborne diseases due to infection with protozoa of the genus Babesia, usually seen in wild or domestic animals as a type of anemia; it may spread to humans as a zoonosis" >zoonosis characterized by a malarialike fever with chills, sweats, myalgia, nausea and vomiting, hemolytic anemia, and splenomegaly.

ba·be·si·o·sis

(bă-bē'zē-ō'sis), An infectious disease caused by a species of Babesia, transmitted by ticks. Animal hosts include cattle, sheep, deer, and dogs. Subclinical human infection may be common but symptomatic disease occurs only sporadically and in limited geographic distribution. Immunodeficient and asplenic people are at higher risk of infection. Clinical features of the disease include fever, chills, and hemolysis with hemoglobinuria and jaundice. Severe disease may be complicated by cardiac and renal failure, respiratory distress syndrome, and CNS involvement. As in animals, human morbidity and mortality increase with age. Synonym(s): piroplasmosis

babesiosis

(bə-bē′zē-ō′sĭs) also

babesiasis

(băb′ĭ-zī′ə-sĭs)n.1. Any of several tick-borne infections of domestic and wild animals that are caused by protozoans of the genus Babesia.2. A human disease caused by infection of red blood cells by protozoans of the genus Babesia that are transmitted by deer ticks, characterized by fever, malaise, and hemolytic anemia. In the United States, it occurs chiefly in the Northeast and Midwest. In both senses also called piroplasmosis.

babesiosis

A systemic infection caused by Babesia spp, in particular B microti; in Nantucket, Massachusetts, an endemic region, ±40% of I dammini have B microti sporozoites in their saliva.
Clinical findings
1–4 week incubation, fever, shaking chills, malaise myalgias, fatigue, haemoglobinuria.

Lab
B microti in peripheral RBCs; indirect fluorescence titres ≥ 1:1024.

Management Clindamycin, quinine

babesiosis

Infectious disease A systemic infection caused by Babesia spp, in particular B microti; in Nantucket, an endemic region, ±40% of I dammini have B microti sporozoites in their saliva Clinical 1-4 wk incubation, fever, shaking chills, malaise myalgias, fatigue, hemoglobinuria Treatment Clindamycin, quinine. See Babesia microti.

ba·be·si·o·sis

(bă-bē'zē-ō'sis) An infectious disease caused by a species of Babesia, transmitted by ticks. Animal hosts include cattle, sheep, deer, and dogs. Subclinical human infection may be common but symptomatic disease occurs only sporadically and in limited geographic distribution. Immunodeficient and asplenic people are at higher risk of infection. Clinical features of the disease include fever, chills, and hemolysis with hemoglobinuria and jaundice. Severe disease may be complicated by cardiac and renal failure, respiratory distress syndrome, and CNS involvement. As in animals, human morbidity and mortality increase with age.

babesiosis

A disease spread by hard-bodied (Ixodid) ticks. The organism responsible, Babesia bigemina , invades the red blood cells causing them to rupture. There is fever, muscle aches, spleen enlargement and anaemia and the condition is sometimes fatal, especially if the spleen has been removed. There is no specific treatment. Babesiosis was the first disease shown to be transmitted by an ARTHROPOD.

ba·be·si·o·sis

(bă-bē'zē-ō'sis) An infectious disease caused by a species of Babesia, transmitted by ticks. Subclinical human infection may be common but symptomatic disease occurs only sporadically and in limited geographic distribution. Immunodeficient and asplenic people are at higher risk of infection.

单词	babesiosis
释义	babesiosis enUK ba·be·si·o·sis B0003600 (bə-bē′zē-ō′sĭs) also bab·e·si·a·sis (băb′ĭ-zī′ə-sĭs)n.1. Any of several tick-borne infections of domestic and wild animals that are caused by protozoans of the genus Babesia.2. A human disease caused by infection of red blood cells by protozoans of the genus Babesia that are transmitted by deer ticks, characterized by fever, malaise, and hemolytic anemia. In the United States, it occurs chiefly in the Northeast and Midwest. In both senses also called piroplasmosis. babesiosis (bəˌbiːzɪˈəʊsɪs) or babesiasis n (Veterinary Science) vet science a tick-borne disease of domesticated and wild mammals as well as humans, caused by a protozoan of the genera Babesia and characterized by fever, anaemia, jaundice, and in severe cases leading to death ba•be•si•o•sis (bəˌbi ziˈoʊ sɪs) n. any of several tick-borne diseases of cattle, dogs, horses, sheep, and swine, caused by babesias and characterized by fever and languor. [1910–15] Translations babesiosis enUK babesiosis (bəbē'bēō`sĭs), tick-borne disease caused by a protozoanprotozoan , informal term for the unicellular heterotrophs of the kingdom Protista. Protozoans comprise a large, diverse assortment of microscopic or near-microscopic organisms that live as single cells or in simple colonies and that show no differentiation into tissues. ..... Click the link for more information. of the genus Babesia. Babesiosis most commonly affects domestic and wild animals and can be a serious problem in cattle, but since the mid-20th cent. the disease has also been found in humans. In most cases the protozoal species is specific to a single host. The organisms enter the blood via a tick bite, then infect the red blood cells where they reproduce by cell division. Human babesiosis, sometimes called Nantucket fever, was first diagnosed in healthy individuals after an outbreak on Nantucket Island, off the coast of Massachusetts, in the 1970s. The causative organisms are related to those that causes malariamalaria, infectious parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is frequently recurrent. Malaria is common in Africa, Central and South America, the Mediterranean countries, Asia, and many of the Pacific islands. ..... Click the link for more information. , and are transmitted by the black-legged, or deer, ticks that also host the organisms that cause Lyme diseaseLyme disease or Lyme borreliosis, a nonfatal bacterial infection that causes symptoms ranging from fever and headache to a painful swelling of the joints. The first American case of Lyme's characteristic rash was documented in 1970 and the disease was first identified ..... Click the link for more information. and human erhlichiosisehrlichiosis , any of several diseases caused by rickettsia of the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. Ehrlichiosis is transmitted by ticks. Both human forms tend to develop about nine days after a tick bite. ..... Click the link for more information. . Babesiosis can also be transmitted through blood transfusion. The main symptoms are fever and chills, but especially in the elderly and in persons who have a compromised immune system or have had a splenectomy babesiosis can be more severe and sometimes fatal. Treatment is with a combination of antimalarial drugs. babesiosis enUK Babesiosis Definition Babesiosis is an infection of red blood cells caused by the single-celled parasite, Babesia microti, which is spread to humans by a tick bite. Description Babesiosis is a rare, tick-transmitted disease that is caused most often by the single-celled parasite Babesia microti. By 1995, fewer than 500 cases of babesiosis had been reported in the United States. The disease occurs primarily in New England and New York, especially on the coastal islands. However, cases have occurred in other parts of the United States. Because of tick activity, the risk for babesiosis is highest during June and July.Ticks are small, blood-sucking arachnids. Although some ticks carry diseasecausing organisms, most do not. Babesia microti is spread to humans through the bite of the tick Ixodes scapularis (also called Ixodes dammini). Ixodes scapularis, called the "blacklegged deer tick," usually feeds on deer and mice. A tick picks up the parasites by feeding on an infected mouse and then passes them on by biting a new host, possibly a human. To pass on the parasites, the tick must be attached to the skin for 36-48 hours. Once in the bloodstream, Babesia microti enters a red blood cell, reproduces by cell division, and destroys the cell, causing anemia. Humans infected with Babesia microti produce antibodies that can be helpful in diagnosing the infection. Causes and symptoms Babesia microti live and divide within red blood cells, destroying the cells and causing anemia. The majority of people who are infected have no visible symptoms. In those who become ill, symptoms appear one to six weeks following the tick bite. Because the ticks are small, many patients have no recollection of a tick bite. The symptoms are flu-like and include tiredness, loss of appetite, fever, drenching sweats, and muscle pain. Nausea, vomiting, headache, shaking chills, blood in the urine, and depression can occur.Persons who are over 40 years old, have had their spleen removed (splenectomized), and/or have a serious disease (cancer, AIDS, etc.) are at a greater risk for severe babesiosis. In severe cases of babesiosis, up to 85% of the blood cells can be infected. This causes a serious, possibly fatal, blood deficiency. Diagnosis Babesiosis can be diagnosed by examining a blood sample microscopically and detecting the presence of Babesia microti within the blood cells. The blood can also be checked for the presence of antibodies to the parasite. Treatment In serious cases, babesiosis is treated with a combination of clindamycin (Cleocin) and quinine. Clindamycin is given by injection and quinine is given orally three to four times a day for four to seven days. To reduce the number of parasites in the blood, severely ill patients have been treated with blood transfusions. Prognosis Otherwise healthy patients will recover completely. Babesiosis may last several months without treatment and is a severe, potentially fatal disease in splenectomized patients. Prevention The only prevention for babesiosis is to minimize exposure to ticks by staying on trails when walking through the woods, avoiding tall grasses, wearing long sleeves and tucking pant legs into socks, wearing insect repellent, and checking for ticks after an outing. Remove a tick as soon as possible by grasping the tick with tweezers and gently pulling. Splenectomized people should avoid northeastern coastal regions during the tick season. Resources Other Mayo Clinic Online. March 5, 1998. http://www.mayohealth.org. Key terms Anemia — A below normal number of red blood cells in the bloodstream.Parasite — An organism that lives upon or within another organism. babesiosis [bah-be″ze-o´sis] a group of tickborne diseases due to infection with protozoa of the genus Babesia, usually seen in wild or domestic animals as a type of anemia; it may spread to humans as a zoonosis" >zoonosis characterized by a malarialike fever with chills, sweats, myalgia, nausea and vomiting, hemolytic anemia, and splenomegaly. ba·be·si·o·sis (bă-bē'zē-ō'sis), An infectious disease caused by a species of Babesia, transmitted by ticks. Animal hosts include cattle, sheep, deer, and dogs. Subclinical human infection may be common but symptomatic disease occurs only sporadically and in limited geographic distribution. Immunodeficient and asplenic people are at higher risk of infection. Clinical features of the disease include fever, chills, and hemolysis with hemoglobinuria and jaundice. Severe disease may be complicated by cardiac and renal failure, respiratory distress syndrome, and CNS involvement. As in animals, human morbidity and mortality increase with age. Synonym(s): piroplasmosis babesiosis (bə-bē′zē-ō′sĭs) also babesiasis (băb′ĭ-zī′ə-sĭs)n.1. Any of several tick-borne infections of domestic and wild animals that are caused by protozoans of the genus Babesia.2. A human disease caused by infection of red blood cells by protozoans of the genus Babesia that are transmitted by deer ticks, characterized by fever, malaise, and hemolytic anemia. In the United States, it occurs chiefly in the Northeast and Midwest. In both senses also called piroplasmosis. babesiosis A systemic infection caused by Babesia spp, in particular B microti; in Nantucket, Massachusetts, an endemic region, ±40% of I dammini have B microti sporozoites in their saliva. Clinical findings 1–4 week incubation, fever, shaking chills, malaise myalgias, fatigue, haemoglobinuria. Lab B microti in peripheral RBCs; indirect fluorescence titres ≥ 1:1024. Management Clindamycin, quinine babesiosis Infectious disease A systemic infection caused by Babesia spp, in particular B microti; in Nantucket, an endemic region, ±40% of I dammini have B microti sporozoites in their saliva Clinical 1-4 wk incubation, fever, shaking chills, malaise myalgias, fatigue, hemoglobinuria Treatment Clindamycin, quinine. See Babesia microti. ba·be·si·o·sis (bă-bē'zē-ō'sis) An infectious disease caused by a species of Babesia, transmitted by ticks. Animal hosts include cattle, sheep, deer, and dogs. Subclinical human infection may be common but symptomatic disease occurs only sporadically and in limited geographic distribution. Immunodeficient and asplenic people are at higher risk of infection. Clinical features of the disease include fever, chills, and hemolysis with hemoglobinuria and jaundice. Severe disease may be complicated by cardiac and renal failure, respiratory distress syndrome, and CNS involvement. As in animals, human morbidity and mortality increase with age. babesiosis A disease spread by hard-bodied (Ixodid) ticks. The organism responsible, Babesia bigemina , invades the red blood cells causing them to rupture. There is fever, muscle aches, spleen enlargement and anaemia and the condition is sometimes fatal, especially if the spleen has been removed. There is no specific treatment. Babesiosis was the first disease shown to be transmitted by an ARTHROPOD. ba·be·si·o·sis (bă-bē'zē-ō'sis) An infectious disease caused by a species of Babesia, transmitted by ticks. Subclinical human infection may be common but symptomatic disease occurs only sporadically and in limited geographic distribution. Immunodeficient and asplenic people are at higher risk of infection.
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babesiosis

ba·be·si·o·sis

babesiosis

babesiasis

ba•be•si•o•sis

babesiosis

babesiosis

babesiosis

Babesiosis

Definition

Description

Causes and symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prognosis

Prevention

Resources

Other

Key terms

babesiosis

ba·be·si·o·sis

babesiosis

babesiasis

babesiosis

babesiosis

ba·be·si·o·sis

babesiosis

ba·be·si·o·sis