antifreeze
an·ti·freeze
A0339600 (ăn′tĭ-frēz′)antifreeze
(ˈæntɪˌfriːz)an•ti•freeze
(ˈæn tɪˌfriz, ˈæn ti-)n.
| Noun | 1. |  antifreeze - a liquid added to the water in a cooling system to lower its freezing point |
| 单词 | antifreeze | |||
| 释义 | antifreezean·ti·freezeA0339600 (ăn′tĭ-frēz′)antifreeze(ˈæntɪˌfriːz)an•ti•freeze(ˈæn tɪˌfriz, ˈæn ti-)n.
antifreeze(ˈӕntifriːz) nounantifreeze→ 防冻剂zhCNantifreezeantifreezeantifreezedantifreezeantifreezedantifreezeantifreeze,substance added to a solvent to lower its freezing point. The solution formed is called an antifreeze mixture. Antifreeze is typically added to water in the cooling system of an internal-combustion engine so that it may be cooled below the freezing point of pure water (32°F; or 0°C;) without freezing. Any substance that dissolves will cause freezing-point depression (see colligative propertiescolligative properties,properties of a solution that depend on the number of solute particles present but not on the chemical properties of the solute. Colligative properties of a solution include freezing point (see freezing), boiling point, osmotic pressure (see osmosis), and ..... Click the link for more information. ); a desirable antifreeze also should not corrode metal parts, attack rubber, become viscous at low temperatures, or evaporate readily at the ordinary engine operating temperature. It should be chemically stable, a good conductor of heat, and a poor conductor of electricity. Ethylene glycolglycol , dihydric alcohol in which the two hydroxyl groups are bonded to different carbon atoms; the general formula for a glycol is (CH2)n(OH)2. ..... Click the link for more information. is the most widely used automotive cooling-system antifreeze, although methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and propylene glycol are also used. Substances that inhibit corrosion are usually added; antifoaming agents are sometimes added as well. In automotive windshield-washer fluids, an alcohol (e.g., methanol) is usually added to keep the mixture from freezing; it also acts as a solvent to help clean the glass. The brine used in some commercial refrigeration systems is an antifreeze mixture; it is typically a water solution of calcium chloride or propylene glycol. Antifreezea liquid with a low freezing point, used for cooling internal combustion engines and other equipment operating at temperatures below 0°C. The primary requirements for antifreeze are high heat capacity, thermal conductivity, boiling point, and flash point; low viscosity at low temperatures, small vapor pressure, and as little foaming as possible. In addition, antifreeze must not be very corrosive to the metals from which the cooling system parts are made and must not eat away hose and gasket materials. These requirements are met to a greater or lesser degree by aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol, glycerine, certain alcohols, and other organic compounds as well as by aqueous salt solutions (for instance, calcium chloride). The best antifreeze materials are aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol with anticorrosion additives to prevent corrosion (such as sodium phosphate). It is possible to obtain mixtures with a freezing point as low as -75°C (66.7 percent ethylene glycol and 33.3 percent water). Upon freezing, such solutions increase in volume insignificantly (0.3 percent with a 55 to 65 percent water content) and when cooled below freezing do not rupture pipes and radiators of the cooling system. Domestic industry manufactures brands 40 and 65 ethylene glycol antifreeze (freezing points of -40°C and -65°C, respectively) with sodium phosphate and brand 40 M with sodium molybdate. REFERENCESMotornye i reaktivnye masía i zhidkosti. Edited by K. K. Papok and E. G. Semenido, 4th ed. Moscow, [1964].Bobrov, N. N., and P. I. Voropai. Primenenie topliv i smazochnykh materialov, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1968. V. V. PANOV antifreeze[′an·tē‚frēz]antifreezeantifreezeantifreezeA fluid with a high concentration of ethylene glycol or methanol, which is added to car, truck and other cooling systems for internal combustion engines to substantially reduce the freezing point of the coolant.Antifreeze has long had currency as a surrogate inebriant despite it being associated with acidosis and renal shutdown (due to ethylene glycol), as well as blindness (due to methanol). Clinical findings In low amounts, antifreeze simulates alcohol metabolism; at high levels, it is associated with nausea, vomiting, seizures, coma or death (at levels above 100 ml of ethylene glycol). antifreezeToxicology A fluid with a high concentration of ethylene glycol or methanol, which is added to car, truck, and other cooling systems for internal combustion engines to substantially ↓ the freezing point of the coolant; antifreeze has long had currency as a surrogate inebriant, despite its being associated with acidosis and renal shutdown–ethylene glycol and blindness–methanol Clinical In low amounts, antifreeze simulates alcohol metabolism; at high levels, it is associated with N&V, seizures, coma, death, at levels above 100 ml of ethylene glycol. See Leukovorin rescue. Methotrexatreantifreeze
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