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单词 bias
释义

bias


bi·as

B0226500 (bī′əs)n.1. A line going diagonally across the grain of fabric: Cut the cloth on the bias.2. a. A preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment.b. An unfair act or policy stemming from prejudice.3. A statistical sampling or testing error caused by systematically favoring some outcomes over others.4. Sports a. A weight or irregularity in a ball that causes it to swerve, as in lawn bowling.b. The tendency of such a ball to swerve.5. The fixed voltage applied to an electrode.adj. Slanting or diagonal; oblique: a bias fold.tr.v. bi·ased, bi·as·ing, bi·as·es or bi·assed or bi·as·sing or bi·as·ses 1. To influence in a particular, typically unfair direction.2. To apply a small voltage to (a grid).
[French biais, slant, from Provençal, perhaps ultimately from Greek epikarsios, slanted; see sker- in Indo-European roots.]Synonyms: bias, jaundice, prejudice
These verbs mean to influence in a particular, often unfavorable way. To bias is to cause to incline toward or away from something or someone: claimed that the ruling was biased against low-income workers; was biased by experience in favor of stronger regulation.
To jaundice is to predispose toward negativity or skepticism: Years of scandal have jaundiced her view of politics.
To prejudice is to cause to judge prematurely, without full knowledge or due consideration; it often, but not always, suggests bigotry: were prejudiced by their narrow upbringing against those of a different race; moved the trial so as to find jurors who had not been prejudiced by news coverage of the case.

bias

(ˈbaɪəs) n1. mental tendency or inclination, esp an irrational preference or prejudice2. (Knitting & Sewing) a diagonal line or cut across the weave of a fabric3. (Electronics) electronics the voltage applied to an electronic device or system to establish suitable working conditions4. (Bowls & Bowling) bowls a. a bulge or weight inside one side of a bowlb. the curved course of such a bowl on the green5. (Statistics) statistics a. an extraneous latent influence on, unrecognized conflated variable in, or selectivity in a sample which influences its distribution and so renders it unable to reflect the desired population parametersb. if T is an estimator of the parameter θ, the expected value of (T–θ)6. (Electronics) an inaudible high-frequency signal used to improve the quality of a tape recordingadjslanting obliquely; diagonal: a bias fold. advobliquely; diagonallyvb (tr) , -ases, -asing, -ased, -asses, -assing or -assed (usually passive) to cause to have a bias; prejudice; influence[C16: from Old French biais, from Old Provençal, perhaps ultimately from Greek epikarsios oblique] ˈbiased, ˈbiassed adj

bi•as

(ˈbaɪ əs)

n., adj., adv., v. bi•ased, bi•as•ing (esp. Brit.) bi•assed, bi•as•sing. n. 1. an oblique or diagonal line of direction, esp. across a woven fabric. 2. a particular tendency or inclination, esp. one that prevents impartial consideration of a question; prejudice. 3. a systematic as opposed to a random distortion of a statistic as a result of sampling procedure. 4. the application of a steady voltage or current to an active device, as a diode or transistor, to produce a desired mode of operation. adj. 5. (of the cut of a fabric or garment) diagonal; oblique. adv. 6. in a diagonal manner; obliquely; slantingly: to cut material bias. v.t. 7. to cause partiality in; influence, often unfairly: a tearful plea designed to bias the jury. Idioms: on the bias, a. in the diagonal direction of the cloth. b. out of line; slanting. [1520–30; < Middle French biais oblique < Old Provençal] syn: bias, prejudice mean a strong inclination of the mind or a preconceived opinion about something or someone. A bias may be favorable or unfavorable: bias in favor of or against an idea. prejudice implies a preformed judgment even more unreasoning than bias, and usu. implies an unfavorable opinion: prejudice against a race.

bias


Past participle: biased/biassed
Gerund: biasing/biassing
Imperative
bias
bias
Present
I bias
you bias
he/she/it biases/biasses
we bias
you bias
they bias
Preterite
I biased/biassed
you biased/biassed
he/she/it biased/biassed
we biased/biassed
you biased/biassed
they biased/biassed
Present Continuous
I am biasing/biassing
you are biasing/biassing
he/she/it is biasing/biassing
we are biasing/biassing
you are biasing/biassing
they are biasing/biassing
Present Perfect
I have biased/biassed
you have biased/biassed
he/she/it has biased/biassed
we have biased/biassed
you have biased/biassed
they have biased/biassed
Past Continuous
I was biasing/biassing
you were biasing/biassing
he/she/it was biasing/biassing
we were biasing/biassing
you were biasing/biassing
they were biasing/biassing
Past Perfect
I had biased/biassed
you had biased/biassed
he/she/it had biased/biassed
we had biased/biassed
you had biased/biassed
they had biased/biassed
Future
I will bias
you will bias
he/she/it will bias
we will bias
you will bias
they will bias
Future Perfect
I will have biased/biassed
you will have biased/biassed
he/she/it will have biased/biassed
we will have biased/biassed
you will have biased/biassed
they will have biased/biassed
Future Continuous
I will be biasing/biassing
you will be biasing/biassing
he/she/it will be biasing/biassing
we will be biasing/biassing
you will be biasing/biassing
they will be biasing/biassing
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been biasing/biassing
you have been biasing/biassing
he/she/it has been biasing/biassing
we have been biasing/biassing
you have been biasing/biassing
they have been biasing/biassing
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been biasing/biassing
you will have been biasing/biassing
he/she/it will have been biasing/biassing
we will have been biasing/biassing
you will have been biasing/biassing
they will have been biasing/biassing
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been biasing/biassing
you had been biasing/biassing
he/she/it had been biasing/biassing
we had been biasing/biassing
you had been biasing/biassing
they had been biasing/biassing
Conditional
I would bias
you would bias
he/she/it would bias
we would bias
you would bias
they would bias
Past Conditional
I would have biased/biassed
you would have biased/biassed
he/she/it would have biased/biassed
we would have biased/biassed
you would have biased/biassed
they would have biased/biassed
Thesaurus
Noun1.bias - a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situationprejudice, preconceptiontaboo, tabu - a prejudice (especially in Polynesia and other South Pacific islands) that prohibits the use or mention of something because of its sacred natureirrational hostility - extreme prejudicepartisanship, partiality - an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternativesexperimenter bias - (psychology) bias introduced by an experimenter whose expectations about the outcome of the experiment can be subtly communicated to the participants in the experimenthomophobia - prejudice against (fear or dislike of) homosexual people and homosexualityIslamophobia - prejudice against Muslims; "Muslim intellectuals are afraid of growing Islamophobia in the West"racism - the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other racestendentiousness - an intentional and controversial bias
2.bias - a line or cut across a fabric that is not at right angles to a side of the fabricbias - a line or cut across a fabric that is not at right angles to a side of the fabricdiagonalstraight line - a line traced by a point traveling in a constant direction; a line of zero curvature; "the shortest distance between two points is a straight line"
Verb1.bias - influence in an unfair waybias - influence in an unfair way; "you are biasing my choice by telling me yours"prejudice, prepossess - influence (somebody's) opinion in advancehandicap - attempt to forecast the winner (especially in a horse race) and assign odds for or against a contestant
2.bias - cause to be biasedpredetermineprejudice, prepossess - influence (somebody's) opinion in advanceslant, weight, angle - present with a bias; "He biased his presentation so as to please the share holders"
Adj.1.bias - slanting diagonally across the grain of a fabricbias - slanting diagonally across the grain of a fabric; "a bias fold"oblique - slanting or inclined in direction or course or position--neither parallel nor perpendicular nor right-angled; "the oblique rays of the winter sun"; "acute and obtuse angles are oblique angles"; "the axis of an oblique cone is not perpendicular to its base"

bias

noun1. prejudice, leaning, bent, tendency, inclination, penchant, intolerance, bigotry, propensity, favouritism, predisposition, nepotism, unfairness, predilection, proclivity, partiality, narrow-mindedness, proneness, one-sidedness There were fierce attacks on the BBC for alleged political bias.
prejudice equity, equality, fairness, neutrality, objectivity, impartiality, open-mindedness2. slant, cross, angle, diagonal line The fabric, cut on the bias, hangs as light as a cobweb.verb1. influence, colour, weight, prejudice, distort, sway, warp, slant, predispose We mustn't allow it to bias our teaching.

bias

noun1. An inclination for or against that inhibits impartial judgment:one-sidedness, partiality, partisanship, prejudice, prepossession, tendentiousness.2. An inclination to something:bent, cast, disposition, leaning, partiality, penchant, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, proneness, propensity, squint, tendency, trend, turn.adjectiveAngled at a slant:beveled, biased, diagonal, oblique, slanted, slanting.verb1. To cause to have a prejudiced view:jaundice, prejudice, prepossess, warp.2. To direct (material) to the interests of a particular group:skew, slant.Informal: angle.
Translations
使有偏见倾斜偏袒偏见

bias

(ˈbaiəs) noun1. favouring of one or other (side in an argument etc) rather than remaining neutral. a bias against people of other religions. 偏見，偏袒 偏见，偏袒 2. a weight on or in an object (eg a bowl for playing bowls) making it move in a particular direction. 偏斜 倾斜 verb – past tense, past participle ˈbias(s)ed – to influence (usually unfairly). He was biased by the report in the newspapers. 使有偏見 使有偏见ˈbias(s)ed adjective (negative unbias(s)ed) favouring one side rather than another. a biased judgement. 偏袒的 有偏见的

bias


bias against (someone or something)

A prejudice against someone or something. That teacher just seems to have a bias against me—she never calls on me in class, and she grades my papers so harshly. My father has a bias against that company because he dislikes its outspoken CEO. The bias against hiring women that exists in this company is painfully obvious.See also: bias

on the bias

In sewing, following a diagonal line across the grain of the fabric, especially one running at an angle of 45 degrees. OK, class. The first thing to do is to cut the fabric on the bias. Be sure to make your stitches on the bias.See also: bias, on

bias someone against someone or something

to prejudice someone against someone or something. Please avoid biasing everyone against me. One bad experience biased all of us against that brand of sausage.See also: bias

on the bias

on a diagonal line; on a diagonal pathway or direction. The panels of the dress were cut on the bias. The seamstress sewed the fabric on the bias.See also: bias, on

bias


Bias

(bī`əs), fl. 6th cent. B.C., Greek sage, b. Priene. He is at best semilegendary but was called one of the Seven Wise Men of GreeceSeven Wise Men of Greece,
list of men drawn from among the outstanding politicians and political philosophers of ancient Greece. Although such listings differed widely, a usual one included Bias, Chilon, Cleobulus, Periander, Pittacus, Solon, and Thales.
..... Click the link for more information. . Many epigrams were attributed to him by ancient writers.

bias,

a voltage, current, or other input applied to a device or system as a reference or to set its conditions of operation. A bias is usually steady but may vary with time, usually within a fixed and known range and with a fixed and known frequency. In electronics, the most common forms of bias are the voltage applied to the grid of an electron tubeelectron tube,
device consisting of a sealed enclosure in which electrons flow between electrodes separated either by a vacuum (in a vacuum tube) or by an ionized gas at low pressure (in a gas tube).
..... Click the link for more information.  to set its operating conditions and the current applied to the base of a transistortransistor,
three-terminal, solid-state electronic device used for amplification and switching. It is the solid-state analog to the triode electron tube; the transistor has replaced the electron tube for virtually all common applications.
..... Click the link for more information.  to perform the same function. In tape recording, a bias current, usually alternating with a frequency in the ultrasonic range, is mixed with the signal to be recorded to minimize distortion produced by the tape itself.

bias

  1. any situation in which the accuracy RELIABILITY, VALIDITY, etc. of sociological data or findings are held to be distorted by the limitations of a research method employed, or by a researcher's or a theorist's presuppositions (e.g. political or moral beliefs). See also OBJECTIVITY, VALUE FREEDOM AND VALUE NEUTRALITY.
  2. in a more narrowly technical sense, in statistical analysis, a difference between a hypothetical ‘true value’ of a variable in a population and that obtained in a particular sample of respondents. See also BIASED SAMPLE.

bias

[′bī·əs] (analytical chemistry) A systematic error occurring in a chemical measurement that is inherent in the method itself or caused by some artifact in the system, such as a temperature effect. (electricity) A direct-current voltage used on signaling or telegraph relays or electromagnets to secure desired time spacing of transitions from marking to spacing. The restraint of a relay armature by spring tension to secure a desired time spacing of transitions from marking to spacing. The effect on teleprinter signals produced by the electrical characteristics of the line and equipment. The force applied to a relay to hold it in a given position. (electronics) A direct-current voltage applied to a transistor control electrode to establish the desired operating point. grid bias (materials) In a reinforced composite material, the angle made by the reinforcing fibers with the longitudinal direction of the material. (statistics) In estimating the value of a parameter of a probability distribution, the difference between the expected value of the estimator and the true value of the parameter. (textiles) A direction on fabric that is equivalent to the diagonal of a square of the fabric cut so that the warp and the filling are parallel to the edges.

Bias (electronics)

The establishment of an operating point on the transistor volt-ampere characteristics by means of direct voltages and currents.

Since the transistor is a three-terminal device, any one of the three terminals may be used as a common terminal to both input and output. In most transistor circuits the emitter is used as the common terminal, and this common emitter, or grounded emitter, is indicated in illus. a. If the transistor is to used as a linear device, such as an audio amplifier, it must be biased to operate in the active region. In this region the collector is biased in the reverse direction and the emitter in the forward direction. The area in the common-emitter transistor characteristics to the right of the ordinate VCE = 0 and above IC = 0 is the active region. Two more biasing regions are of special interest for those cases in which the transistor is intended to operate as a switch. These are the saturation and cutoff regions. The saturation region may be defined as the region where the collector current is independent of base current for given values of VCC and RL. Thus, the onset of saturation can be considered to take place at the knee of the common-emitter transistor curves. See Amplifier, Transistor

Translator circuitsTranslator circuits

In saturation, the transistor current IC is nominally VCC/RL. Since RL is small, it may be necessary to keep VCC correspondingly small in order to stay within the limitations imposed by the transistor on maximum-current and collector-power dissipation. In the cutoff region it is required that the emitter current IE be zero, and to accomplish this it is necessary to reverse-bias the emitter junction so that the collector current is approximately equal to the reverse saturation current ICO. A reverse-biasing voltage of the order of 0.1 V across the emitter junction will ordinarily be adequate to cut off either a germanium or silicon transistor.

The particular method to be used in establishing an operating point on the transistor characteristics depends on whether the transistor is to operate in the active, saturation or cutoff regions; on the application under consideration; on the thermal stability of the circuit; and on other factors.

In a fixed-bias circuit, the operating point for the circuit of illus. a can be established by noting that the required current IB is constant, independent of the quiescent collector current IC, which is why this circuit is called the fixed-bias circuit. Transistor biasing circuits are frequently compared in terms of the value of the stability factor S = ∂IC/∂ICO, which is the rate of change of collector current with respect to reverse saturation current. The smaller the value of S, the less likely the circuit will exhibit thermal runaway. S, as defined here, cannot be smaller than unity. Other stability factors are defined in terms of dc current gain hFE as ∂IC/∂hFE, and in terms of base-to-emitter voltage as ∂IC/∂VBE. However, bias circuits with small values of S will also perform satisfactorily for transistors that have large variations of hFE and VBE. For the fixed-bias circuit it can be shown that S = hFE + 1, and if hFE = 50, then S = 51. Such a large value of S makes thermal runaway a definite possibility with this circuit.

In collector-to-base bias, an improvement in stability is obtained if the resistor RB in illus. a is returned to the collector junction rather than to the battery terminal. Such a connection is shown in illus. b. In this bias circuit, if IC tends to increase (either because of a rise in temperature or because the transistor has been replaced by another), then VCE decreases. Hence IB also decreases and, as a consequence of this lowered bias current, the collector current is not allowed to increase as much as it would if fixed bias were used. The stability factor S is (1)  shown in Eq. (1). This value is smaller than hFE + 1, which is the value obtained for the fixed-bias case.

If the load resistance RL is very small, as in a transformer-coupled circuit, then the previous expression for S shows that there would be no improvement in the stabilization in the collector-to-base bias circuit over the fixed-bias circuit. A circuit that can be used even if there is zero dc resistance in series with the collector terminal is the self-biasing configuration of illus. c. The current in the resistance RE in the emitter lead causes a voltage drop which is in the direction to reverse-bias the emitter junction. Since this junction must be forward-biased (for active region bias), the bleeder R1-R2 has been added to the circuit.

If IC tends to increase, the current in RE increases. As a consequence of the increase in voltage drop across RE, the base current is decreased. Hence IC will increase less than it would have had there been no self-biasing resistor RE. The stabilization factor for the self-bias circuit is shown by Eq. (2), where RB = R1R2/(R1 + R2). (2)  The smaller the value of RB, the better the stabilization. Even if RB approaches zero, the value of S cannot be reduced below unity.

In order to avoid the loss of signal gain because of the degeneration caused by RE, this resistor is often bypassed by a very large capacitance, so that its reactance at the frequencies under consideration is very small.

The selection of an appropriate operating point (ID, VGS, VDS) for a field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier stage is determined by considerations similar to those given to transistors, as discussed previously. These considerations are output-voltage swing, distortion, power dissipation, voltage gain, and drift of drain current. In most cases it is not possible to satisfy all desired specifications simultaneously.

bias

1. Electronics the voltage applied to an electronic device or system to establish suitable working conditions 2. Bowlsa. a bulge or weight inside one side of a bowl b. the curved course of such a bowl on the green 3. an inaudible high-frequency signal used to improve the quality of a tape recording

bias

A voltage applied to the gate (or base) of a transistor or vacuum tube, which causes the device to operate in its conductive state. When the control voltage (input voltage) is applied to the gate, it is added to the bias, causing the resultant voltage to be higher or lower, based on the sum of the two.

Forward and Reverse Bias
Forward bias is a voltage that brings the transistor or tube into or closer to its conductive state. For example, if the gate requires positive voltage to conduct, forward biasing adds positive voltage.

In contrast, reverse bias holds the device in a non-conductive state until the sum of the control voltage and bias is sufficient to bring it to the conductive state. For example, if the gate requires positive voltage to conduct, reverse biasing adds negative voltage.

Bias is widely used in analog devices, such as an audio amplifier, to keep the input voltage constantly within the conductive region of the transistor or tube. It is also used in digital circuits to reach a certain threshold and open or close the switch faster.


Transistor Conduction Curve
This is the typical conduction curve of a bipolar and field effect transistor (FET). A forward bias pushes the voltage past the transition region and keeps the transistor operating in its conduction region.

bias


bias

 [bi´as] 1. (in a measurement process) systematic error.2. any influence or action at any stage of a study that systematically distorts the findings.3. (of a statistical estimator) the difference between the expected value of the estimator and the true parameter value.

bi·as

(bī'-as), 1. Systematic discrepancy between a measurement and the true value; may be constant or proportionate and may adversely affect test results. 2. Any trend in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that differ systematically from the truth; deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to deviation. [Fr. biais, obliquity, perh. fr. L. bifax, two-faced]

There is no imputation of prejudice, partisanship, or other subjective or emotional factor such as an investigator's desire to achieve a particular outcome. More than 100 varieties of bias have been described, but all fall into a small number of classes: 1. Systematic one-sided variation of measurements from the true value. SYN systematic error, instrumental error 2. Variation of statistical summary measures (means, rates, measures of association) from their true values as a result of systematic variation of measurements, other flaws in data collection, or flaws in study design or analysis. 3. Deviation of inferences from the truth as a result of flaws in study design, data collection, or the analysis or interpretation of results. 4. A tendency of procedures in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, review or publication, to yield results or conclusions that depart from the truth. 5. Prejudice leading to the conscious or subconscious selection of study procedures that depart from the truth in a particular direction, or to one-sidedness in interpretation of results. This last form of bias can arise as a result of shoddy scientific methods or deliberate misrepresentation of the truth by investigators.

bias

Epidemiology Deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such systematic deviation; any trend in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically incorrect

bi·as

(bī'ăs) 1. Systematic discrepancy between a measurement and the true value; may be constant or proportionate and may adversely affect test results. 2. Any trend in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that differ systematically from the truth; deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to deviation. [Fr. biais, obliquity, perh. fr. L. bifax, two-faced]

bi·as

(bī'ăs) 1. Systematic discrepancy between a measurement and the true value; may be constant or proportionate and may adversely affect test results. 2. Any trend in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review, which can lead to conclusions that differ systematically from the truth; deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to deviation. [Fr. biais, obliquity, perh. fr. L. bifax, two-faced]

Bias


Bias

A predisposition or a preconceived opinion that prevents a person from impartially evaluating facts that have been presented for determination; a prejudice.

A judge who demonstrates bias in a hearing over which he or she presides has a mental attitude toward a party to the litigation that hinders the judge from supervising fairly the course of the trial, thereby depriving the party of the right to a fair trial. A judge may Recuse himself or herself to avoid the appearance of bias.

If, during the Voir Dire, a prospective juror indicates bias toward either party in a lawsuit, the juror can be successfully challenged for cause and denied a seat on the jury.

bias

n. the predisposition of a judge, arbitrator, prospective juror, or anyone making a judicial decision, against or in favor of one of the parties or a class of persons. This can be shown by remarks, decisions contrary to fact, reason or law, or other unfair conduct. Bias can be toward an ethnic group, homosexuals, women or men, defendants or plaintiffs, large corporations, or local parties. Getting a "hometown" decision is a form of bias which is the bane of the out-of-town lawyer. There is also the subtle bias of some male judges in favor of pretty women. Obvious bias is a ground for reversal on appeal, but it is hard to prove, since judges are usually careful to display apparent fairness in their comments. The possibility of juror bias is explored in questioning at the beginning of trial in a questioning process called "voir dire." (See: voir dire, hometowned)

BIAS. A particular influential power which sways the judgment; the inclination or propensity of the mind towards a particular object.
2. Justice requires that the judge should have no bias for or against any individual; and that his mind should be perfectly free to act as the law requires.
3. There is, however, one kind of bias which the courts suffer to influence them in their judgments it is a bias favorable to a class of cases, or persons, as distinguished from an individual case or person. A few examples will explain this. A bias is felt on account of convenience. 1 Ves. sen. 13, 14; 3 Atk. 524. It is also felt in favor of the heir at law, as when there is an heir on one side and a mere volunteer on the other. Willes, R. 570 1 W. Bl. 256; Amb. R. 645; 1 Ball & B. 309 1 Wils. R. 310 3 Atk. 747 Id. 222. On the other hand, the court leans against double portions for children; M'Clell. R. 356; 13 Price, R. 599 against double provisions, and double satisfactions; 3 Atk. R. 421 and against forfeitures. 3 T. R. 172. Vide, generally, 1 Burr. 419 1 Bos. & Pull. 614; 3 Bos. & Pull. 456 Ves. jr. 648 Jacob, Rep. 115; 1 Turn. & R. 350.

Bias


Bias

1. In statistics, a circumstance leading to inaccurate results because of conscious or unconscious manipulation of data. Bias is anything that reduces the randomness of the sample being tested.

2. Anything that affects a decision other than facts. For example, a company may be disinclined to expand into an area of town because it is perceived as dangerous, whether or not it actually is. Bias is thought to reduce efficiency. See also: Behavioral economics.

BIAS


AcronymDefinition
BIAS➣Biometric Identity Assurance Services
BIAS➣Back In A Second
BIAS➣Berkeley Integrated Audio Software
BIAS➣Bristol Industrial Archaeological Society (UK)
BIAS➣Bremer Institut fur Angewandte Strahltechnik (Bremen Institute for Applied Jet Technology)
BIAS➣Battlefield Illumination Airborne System
BIAS➣Battlefield Illumination Assistance System
BIAS➣Batam International Association of Scuba Divers
BIAS➣Burroughs Integrated Adaptive System
BIAS➣Biological Interference With Acoustic System
BIAS➣Buoy-Integrated Antenna System
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