denileukin diftitox

[den″ĭ-loo´kin dif´tĭ-toks] a genetically engineered construct containing amino acid sequences for specific toxin" >diphtheria toxin fragments linked to sequences for interleukin-2" >interleukin-2 (IL-2), so that the cytotoxic action of the diphtheria toxin is targeted to cells expressing a specific form of the IL-2 receptor, as in certain leukemias and lymphomas. It is used as an antineoplastic in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, administered intravenously.

denileukin diftitox

Ontak

Pharmacologic class: Biological response modifier

Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic

Pregnancy risk category C

FDA Box Warning

• Give only under supervision of physician experienced in cancer chemotherapy, in facility equipped and staffed for cardiopulmonary resuscitation where patient can be monitored closely.

Action

Recombinant DNA-derived cytotoxic protein. Interacts with interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors on cell surface and inhibits cellular protein synthesis, causing cell death.

Availability

Frozen solution for injection: 150 mcg/ml

Indications and dosages

➣ Persistent or recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that expresses CD25 component of IL-2 receptor

Adults: 9 or 18 mcg/kg/day I.V. infused over 15 minutes for 5 consecutive days q 21 days

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug, its components, diphtheria toxin, or IL-2

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• cardiovascular disease

• elderly patients

• pregnant or breastfeeding patients

• children (safety and efficacy not established).

Administration

• Follow facility procedures for safe handling, administration, and disposal of chemotherapeutic agents.

See Administer by I.V. infusion only. Don't give by I.V. bolus.

• Dilute I.V. dose further with normal saline to concentration of at least 15 mcg/ml. Infuse over at least 15 minutes.

• Premedicate with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antihistamines, as ordered, to minimize infusion-related events.

• Gently swirl vial to mix, but avoid vigorous agitation.

• Don't mix with other drugs.

• Don't deliver through in-line filter.

• Infuse over at least 15 minutes.

See During infusion, observe closely for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reaction.

Adverse reactions

CNS: dizziness, paresthesia, nervousness, confusion, insomnia, syncope, headache

CV: hypotension, hypertension, vasodilation, tachycardia, chest pain, capillary leak syndrome (with extravasation), thrombosis, arrhythmias

EENT: rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngospasm

GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, difficulty swallowing, anorexia

GU: hematuria, albuminuria, pyuria

Hematologic: anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

Musculoskeletal: myalgia, back or joint pain

Metabolic: hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, dehydration

Respiratory: dyspnea, cough, lung disorder

Skin: rash, pruritus, sweating

Other: weight loss, edema, flulike symptoms, injection site reaction, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis

Interactions

Drug-drug. Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody reaction

Drug-diagnostic tests. Albumin, calcium, potassium: decreased levels

Urine creatinine: increased level

Patient monitoring

• Monitor patient closely during first infusion and for 24 hours afterward.

• Evaluate patient for vascular leak syndrome (marked by at least two of the following: edema, hypotension, hypoalbuminemia).

• Monitor CBC, blood chemistry panel, renal and hepatic function, and albumin level. Repeat all tests weekly during therapy.

Patient teaching

See Instruct patient to immediately report chest pain, difficulty breathing, chills, burning at infusion site, or throat tightness, redness, swelling, or pain.

• Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness.

• Inform patient that drug makes him more susceptible to infection. Advise him to avoid crowds and exposure to illness.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.

单词	denileukin diftitox
释义	denileukin diftitox denileukin diftitox [den″ĭ-loo´kin dif´tĭ-toks] a genetically engineered construct containing amino acid sequences for specific toxin" >diphtheria toxin fragments linked to sequences for interleukin-2" >interleukin-2 (IL-2), so that the cytotoxic action of the diphtheria toxin is targeted to cells expressing a specific form of the IL-2 receptor, as in certain leukemias and lymphomas. It is used as an antineoplastic in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, administered intravenously. denileukin diftitox Ontak *Pharmacologic class:* Biological response modifier *Therapeutic class:* Antineoplastic *Pregnancy risk category C* FDA Box Warning • Give only under supervision of physician experienced in cancer chemotherapy, in facility equipped and staffed for cardiopulmonary resuscitation where patient can be monitored closely. Action Recombinant DNA-derived cytotoxic protein. Interacts with interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors on cell surface and inhibits cellular protein synthesis, causing cell death. Availability Frozen solution for injection: 150 mcg/ml Indications and dosages ➣ Persistent or recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that expresses CD25 component of IL-2 receptor Adults: 9 or 18 mcg/kg/day I.V. infused over 15 minutes for 5 consecutive days q 21 days Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug, its components, diphtheria toxin, or IL-2 Precautions Use cautiously in: • cardiovascular disease • elderly patients • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children (safety and efficacy not established). Administration • Follow facility procedures for safe handling, administration, and disposal of chemotherapeutic agents. See Administer by I.V. infusion only. Don't give by I.V. bolus. • Dilute I.V. dose further with normal saline to concentration of at least 15 mcg/ml. Infuse over at least 15 minutes. • Premedicate with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antihistamines, as ordered, to minimize infusion-related events. • Gently swirl vial to mix, but avoid vigorous agitation. • Don't mix with other drugs. • Don't deliver through in-line filter. • Infuse over at least 15 minutes. See During infusion, observe closely for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reaction. Adverse reactions CNS: dizziness, paresthesia, nervousness, confusion, insomnia, syncope, headache CV: hypotension, hypertension, vasodilation, tachycardia, chest pain, capillary leak syndrome (with extravasation), thrombosis, arrhythmias EENT: rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngospasm GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, difficulty swallowing, anorexia GU: hematuria, albuminuria, pyuria Hematologic: anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia Musculoskeletal: myalgia, back or joint pain Metabolic: hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, dehydration Respiratory: dyspnea, cough, lung disorder Skin: rash, pruritus, sweating Other: weight loss, edema, flulike symptoms, injection site reaction, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis Interactions Drug-drug. Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody reaction Drug-diagnostic tests. Albumin, calcium, potassium: decreased levels Urine creatinine: increased level Patient monitoring • Monitor patient closely during first infusion and for 24 hours afterward. • Evaluate patient for vascular leak syndrome (marked by at least two of the following: edema, hypotension, hypoalbuminemia). • Monitor CBC, blood chemistry panel, renal and hepatic function, and albumin level. Repeat all tests weekly during therapy. Patient teaching See Instruct patient to immediately report chest pain, difficulty breathing, chills, burning at infusion site, or throat tightness, redness, swelling, or pain. • Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness. • Inform patient that drug makes him more susceptible to infection. Advise him to avoid crowds and exposure to illness. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.
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