doxycycline
dox·y·cy·cline
D0371700 (dŏk′sĭ-sī′klēn′, -klĭn)doxycycline
(ˌdɒksɪˈsaɪklɪn)| Noun | 1. | doxycycline - an antibiotic derived from tetracycline that is effective against many infections; "Vibramycin is the trade name of doxycycline" |
doxycycline
doxycycline
[dok″sĕ-si´klēn]doxycycline
doxycycline calcium
doxycycline hyclate
doxycycline monohydrate
Pharmacologic class: Tetracycline
Therapeutic class: Anti-infective
Pregnancy risk category D
Action
Unclear. Thought to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis at 30S and 50S ribosomal subunit and to alter cytoplasmic membrane of susceptible organisms.
Availability
Capsules: 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg
Capsules (coated pellets): 40 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg
Powder for injection: 100 mg, 200 mg
Powder for oral suspension: 25 mg/5 ml
Syrup: 50 mg
Tablets: 20 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg
Indications and dosages
➣ Rosacea
Adults: 40 mg P.O. daily in the morning
➣ Infections caused by various organisms, including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Rickettsia organisms, and Borrelia burgdorfer
Adults and children weighing more than 45 kg (99 lb): 100 mg P.O. q 12 hours on first day, followed by 100 to 200 mg P.O. once daily; or 50 to 100 mg P.O. q 12 hours; or 200 mg I.V. once daily; or 100 mg I.V. q 12 hours on first day, followed by 100 to 200 mg I.V. once daily; or 50 to 100 mg I.V. q 12 hours
Children weighing 45 kg (99 lb) or less: 2.2 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours on first day, followed by 2.2 to 4.4 mg/kg/day P.O. once daily; or 1.1 to 2.2 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours; or 4.4 mg/kg I.V. once daily; or 2.2 mg/kg I.V. q 12 hours on first day, followed by 2.2 to 4.4 mg/kg I.V. once daily; or 1.1 to 2.2 mg/kg I.V. q 12 hours
➣ Gonorrhea in penicillin-allergic patients
Adults and children weighing more than 45 kg (99 lb): 100 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 days; or 300 mg P.O. initially, followed by another 300 mg P.O. 1 hour later
➣ Lyme disease
Adults and children weighing more than 45 kg (99 lb): 100 mg P.O. b.i.d. for 10 to 30 days
➣ Periodontitis
Adults and children weighing more than 45 kg (99 lb): 20 mg P.O. b.i.d. for up to 9 months
➣ Anthrax
Adults and children weighing more than 45 kg (99 lb): 100 mg P.O. b.i.d. for 60 days; or 100 mg I.V. q 12 hours for 60 days, changing to oral route when appropriate
Children weighing 45 kg (99 lb) or less: 2.2 mg/kg P.O. b.i.d. for 60 days; or 100 mg I.V. q 12 hours for 60 days, changing to oral route when appropriate
➣ Prevention of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in short-term travelers (less than 4 months)
Adults: 100 mg/day P.O. starting 1 to 2 days before travel begins and continuing during and for 4 weeks after travel
Children: 2 mg/kg/day P.O., up to adult dosage of 100 mg/day, starting 1 to 2 days before travel begins and continuing during and for 4 weeks after travel
Off-label uses
• Traveler's diarrhea
• Pleural effusion
Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to drug, other tetracyclines, or bisulfites (with some drug products)
Precautions
Use cautiously in:
• renal disease, hepatic impairment, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, cachexia
• pregnant or breastfeeding patients
• children younger than age 8.
Administration
• Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity testing, as ordered, before first dose.
See Don't give in conjunction with methoxyflurane anesthetic. Severe or fatal kidney damage may result.
• Reconstitute powder for injection with dextrose 5% in water, normal saline solution, lactated Ringer's solution, or dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer's solution.
• Don't infuse solutions with concentrations above 1 mg/ml.
• Infuse 100-mg dose over at least 1 hour.
• Complete infusion within 12 hours of dilution, unless diluted with lactated Ringer's solution or dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer's solution; in this case, complete infusion within 6 hours.
See Don't give during last half of pregnancy or to children under age 8 unless other drugs are likely to be ineffective or are contraindicated. Drug may retard bone growth and cause tooth discoloration and malformation.
• Be aware that capsules with coated pellets contain immediate- and delayed-release pellets.
Adverse reactions
CNS: paresthesia, pseudotumor cerebri
CV: phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, pericarditis
EENT: vestibular reactions, hoarseness, pharyngitis
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, esophagitis, epigastric distress, enterocolitis, anogenital lesions or inflammation, glossitis, oral candidiasis, black hairy tongue, pancreatitis
GU: dark yellow or brown urine, vaginal candidiasis
Hematologic: hemolytic anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
Hepatic: hepatotoxicity
Musculoskeletal: bone growth retardation (in children younger than age 8)
Skin: photosensitivity, maculopapular or erythematous rash, hyperpigmentation, urticaria
Other: tooth enamel defects, increased appetite, phlebitis at I.V. site, superinfection, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis
Interactions
Drug-drug. Adsorbent antidiarrheals; antacids; calcium, iron, and magnesium preparations: decreased doxycycline absorption
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen, phenytoin, rifamycin: decreased doxycycline efficacy
Cholestyramine, colestipol: decreased oral absorption of doxycycline
Methoxyflurane: increased nephrotoxicity
Penicillin: decreased penicillin activity
Sucralfate: prevention of doxycycline absorption from GI tract
Warfarin: enhanced warfarin effects
Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), eosinophils: increased levels
Hemoglobin, neutrophils, platelets, white blood cells: decreased levels
Urine catecholamines: false elevations
Drug-food. Calcium-containing foods: decreased drug absorption
Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: decreased anti-infective effect of doxycycline
Sun exposure: increased risk of photosensitivity
Patient monitoring
• Evaluate I.V. site regularly. Apply cool compresses as needed.
See Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis.
• Monitor hepatic profile, CBC, BUN, and creatinine levels.
• Assess for hypercoagulability in patients taking warfarin concurrently.
• Monitor for digoxin toxicity in patients taking digoxin concurrently.
Patient teaching
• Advise patient to take with 8 oz of water to ensure passage into stomach.
• Tell patient to take on empty stomach at least 1 hour before meals or 2 hours afterwards.
• Instruct patient to take at least 1 hour before bedtime to prevent esophagitis.
See Tell patient to immediately report painful swallowing, abdominal pain, easy bruising or bleeding, or signs of hypersensitivity (such as rash).
• Advise female patient to tell prescriber if she is pregnant.
• Instruct patient to avoid alcohol use and large amounts of calcium-containing foods (such as dairy products and some green leafy vegetables, such as spinach).
• Stress importance of good oral hygiene.
• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, foods, and behaviors mentioned above.
dox·y·cy·cline
(doks'ē-sī'klēn),doxycycline
(dŏk′sĭ-sī′klēn′, -klĭn)doxycycline
Infectious disease A broad-spectrum antibiotic used for rickettsiosis–eg, Rocky mountain spotted fever, typhus fever, Q fever, rickettsialpox, tick fevers, RTIs from Mycoplasma pneumoniae, lymphogranuloma venereum, trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, etc, due to Chlamydia trachomatis, psittacosis–C psittaci, nongonococcal urethritis–Ureaplasma urealyticum, relapsing fever–Borrelia recurrentis, gram-negative microorganisms: Chancroid–Haemophilus ducreyi, plague–Yersinia pestis, tularemia–Francisella tularensis, cholera–Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter fetus, Brucella spp, Bartonella bacilliformis, Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, malaria prophylaxis–Plasmodium falciparum in travelers to chloroquine and/or pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistant areas Adverse effects GI tract disturbances, anorexia, N&V, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, anogenital Candida overgrowth, photophobiadox·y·cy·cline
(doks'ē-sī'klēn)doxycycline
A tetracycline antibiotic drug, deoxytetracycline, that is well absorbed when taken by mouth, even after food. Doxycycline is also used for the prophylaxis of MALARIA. The drug is on the WHO official list. Brand names are Periostat and Vibramycin.dox·y·cy·cline
(doks'ē-sī'klēn)doxycycline
- noun
Synonyms for doxycycline
noun an antibiotic derived from tetracycline that is effective against many infections
Synonyms
- Vibramycin
Related Words
- antibiotic
- antibiotic drug
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