Chengtzuyai

the site of an ancient settlement of the Lungshan culture (third and early second millennia B.C.), located near the city of Lungshangch’eng, Shantung Province, People’s Republic of China (seeLUNGSHAN). Discovered in 1928, Ch’engtzu-yai was enclosed by clay walls with a palisade. The dwellings, which were round and coated with clay, had a clay hearth in the center. Tools and weapons were made of stone, bone, and shells. No metal articles were found. There was a great variety of black and yellow, often glazed, pottery. The inhabitants engaged in land cultivation and the raising of cows, horses, sheep, hogs, and dogs. Settlements of the Ch’engtzuyai type belong to the late stage of the primitive communal system in China.