Chernyi Bor

(black collection), an extraordinary tax that was customarily collected by the Muscovite grand prince in the Novgorod land to meet his obligation to pay an increased “yield” to the Golden Horde. Chernyi bor was collected at the rate of one grivna per plow; for businesses, the plow as the unit of taxation was equal to a tanner’s vat, a net, a shop, or a smithy, whereas a boat or tsren (a large frying pan for drying salt) was equal to two plows.