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单词 cystine
释义

cystine


cys·tine

C0844100 (sĭs′tēn′)n. A white crystalline amino acid, C6H12N2O4S2, that is formed from the disulfide linkage of two cysteines during the folding of many proteins, especially keratin, and stabilizes the tertiary structure of the protein.
[From its discovery in bladder stones.]

cystine

(ˈsɪstiːn; -tɪn) n (Biochemistry) a sulphur-containing amino acid present in proteins: yields two molecules of cysteine on reduction. Formula: HOOCCH(NH2)CH2SSCH2CH(NH2)COOH[C19: see cysto- (bladder), -ine2; named from its being discovered in a type of urinary calculus]

cys•tine

(ˈsɪs tin, -tɪn)

n. a crystalline amino acid, C6H12O4N2S2, occurring in most proteins, esp. the keratins. [1835–45; < Greek kýst(is) bladder, cyst + -ine2; so called because found in the bladder]
Thesaurus
Noun1.cystine - a crystalline amino acid found in proteins (especially keratin); discovered in bladder stonesamino acid, aminoalkanoic acid - organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group; "proteins are composed of various proportions of about 20 common amino acids"
Translations

cystine


cystine:

see cysteinecysteine
, organic compound, one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. Only the l-stereoisomer participates in the biosynthesis of mammalian protein.
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Cystine

 

(also known as β,β’-dithio-di-α-aminopropionic acid), [HOOCCH(NH2)CH2S]2, a sulfur-containing amino acid; a disulfide of cysteine. Cystine exists as two optically active forms— D-cystine and L-cystine—and two optically inactive forms— DL-cystine and wieso-cystine. L-cystine is a component of almost all natural proteins and peptides. Hair and wool keratin contain up to 18 percent cystine (together with cysteine). The covalent disulfide (—S—S—) bonds formed by cystine residues between and within individual polypeptide chains maintain a definite three-dimensional molecular structure for proteins and biologically active peptides. The retention of disulfide bonds is a requisite for the characteristic properties of fibrous proteins, such as keratins, as well as for the normal activity of various hormones, such as oxytocin, vasopressin, and insulin, and for various enzymes, such as ribonuclease and chymotrypsin. Cystine is a non-essential amino acid. Its biosynthesis and metabolism in organisms are closely linked to cysteine, since cystine and cysteine readily interconvert in living organisms.

A hereditary disturbance of cystine metabolism leads to the development in childhood of cystinosis, a disease in which cystine crystals are deposited in the tissues, causing various problems. The increased excretion of cystine in urine—cystinuria—leads in severe cases to the formation of cystine calculi, from which cystine was first isolated in 1810.

E. N. SAFONOVA

cystine

[′si‚stēn] (biochemistry) C6H12N2S2 A white, crystalline amino acid formed biosynthetically from cysteine.

cystine


cystine

 [sis´tēn, sis´tin] a naturally occurring amino acid, the chief sulfur-containing component of the protein molecule. It is sometimes found in the urine and in the kidneys in the form of minute hexagonal crystals, frequently forming cystine calculus in the bladder.cystine storage disease Fanconi's syndrome (def. 2).

cys·tine

(sis'tēn, sis'tin), Do not confuse this word with cysteine.3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid); the disulfide product of two cysteines in which two -SH groups become one -S-S- group; if two cysteinyl residues in polypeptide chains form a disulfide linkage, then the two polymers are cross-linked; sometimes occurs as a deposit in the urine, or forming a vesical calculus. Compare: meso-cystine. Synonym(s): dicysteine

cystine

(sĭs′tēn′)n. A white crystalline amino acid, C6H12N2O4S2, that is formed from the disulfide linkage of two cysteines during the folding of many proteins, especially keratin, and stabilizes the tertiary structure of the protein.

cys·tine

(sis'tēn) The disulfide product of two cysteines in which two -SH groups become one -S-S- group; sometimes occurs as a deposit in the urine, or forming a vesical calculus.
CystineFig. 127 Cystine . Formation of cystine.

cystine [Cys-Cys]

an amino acid residue formed by the OXIDATION of the sulphydryl groups [SH] of two CYSTEINES generating a DISULPHIDE BRIDGE (S-S); See Fig. 127 . In some PROTEINS, side chains can be cross-linked by disulphide bridges as a result of the formation of cystines. See SULPHUR BRIDGE.

cystine


Related to cystine: dentine
  • noun

Words related to cystine

noun a crystalline amino acid found in proteins (especially keratin)

Related Words

  • amino acid
  • aminoalkanoic acid
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