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单词 chestnut
释义

chestnut


chestnutAmerican chestnutCastanea dentata

chest·nut

C0280000 (chĕs′nŭt′, -nət)n.1. a. Any of several deciduous trees of the genus Castanea native to northern temperate regions, having alternate simple toothed leaves, and nuts that are enclosed in a prickly husk.b. The often edible nut of any of these trees.c. The wood of any of these trees.2. Any of several other plants, such as the horse chestnut.3. A moderate to deep reddish brown.4. A reddish-brown horse.5. A small hard callus on the inner surface of a horse's foreleg.6. An old, frequently repeated joke, story, or song.adj. Of a moderate to deep reddish brown.
[Earlier chesten (from Middle English chesteine, from Old French chastaigne, from Latin castanea, from Greek kastaneā, chestnut tree, from kastana, chestnuts; akin to Armenian kask, chestnut, both Greek and Armenian probably being of substrate origin) + nut. Noun, sense 6, perhaps in reference to unpalatability of stale chestnuts, or to the play The Broken Sword (1816) by British playwright William Dimond (c.1784-1837?), in which one character begins to tell an anecdote involving a cork oak, and another interrupts him by exclaiming Chestnut! and says that in twenty-six previous tellings of the same anecdote, the tree had been a chestnut.]

chestnut

(ˈtʃɛsˌnʌt) n1. (Plants) any N temperate fagaceous tree of the genus Castanea, such as C. sativa (sweet or Spanish chestnut), which produce flowers in long catkins and nuts in a prickly bur. Compare horse chestnut, water chestnut, dwarf chestnut2. (Cookery) the edible nut of any of these trees3. (Forestry) the hard wood of any of these trees, used in making furniture, etc4. (Colours) a. a reddish-brown to brown colourb. (as adjective): chestnut hair. 5. (Horse Training, Riding & Manège) a horse of a yellow-brown or golden-brown colour6. (Zoology) a small horny callus on the inner surface of a horse's leg7. informal an old or stale joke[C16: from earlier chesten nut: chesten, from Old French chastaigne, from Latin castanea, from Greek kastanea]

chest•nut

(ˈtʃɛsˌnʌt, -nət)

n. 1. any of several tall trees of the genus Castanea, of the beech family, bearing edible nuts enclosed in a prickly bur, as C. sativa, of Europe, and C.dentata, an American tree virtually destroyed by chestnut blight. 2. the edible nut of such a tree. 3. the wood of any of these trees. 4. any fruit or tree resembling the chestnut, as the horse chestnut. 5. reddish brown. 6. a stale joke, anecdote, etc. 7. the callosity on the inner side of a horse's leg. 8. a horse having a reddish brown or brown body with mane and tail of the same or a lighter color. adj. 9. reddish brown. [1350–1400; earlier chesten nut, Middle English chesten, Old English cysten chestnut tree (< Latin castanea < Greek kastanéa) + nut] chest′nut`ty, adj.
Thesaurus
Noun1.chestnut - wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castaneachestnut - wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castaneachestnut tree, chestnut - any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly burwood - the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
2.chestnut - any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumnchestnut - any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly burchestnut treechestnut - edible nut of any of various chestnut trees of the genus CastaneaCastanea, genus Castanea - chestnuts; chinkapinschestnut - wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus CastaneaAmerican chestnut, American sweet chestnut, Castanea dentata - large tree found from Maine to AlabamaCastanea sativa, European chestnut, Spanish chestnut, sweet chestnut - wild or cultivated throughout southern Europe, northwestern Africa and southwestern AsiaCastanea mollissima, Chinese chestnut - a small tree with small sweet nuts; wild or naturalized in Korea and ChinaCastanea crenata, Japanese chestnut - a spreading tree of Japan that has a short trunkAllegheny chinkapin, Castanea pumila, dwarf chestnut, eastern chinquapin, chinquapin - shrubby chestnut tree of southeastern United States having small edible nutsCastanea ozarkensis, chinquapin, Ozark chinkapin, Ozark chinquapin - shrubby tree closely related to the Allegheny chinkapin but with larger leaves; southern midwestern United Statestree - a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
3.chestnut - edible nut of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castaneaedible nut - a hard-shelled seed consisting of an edible kernel or meat enclosed in a woody or leathery shellchestnut tree, chestnut - any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly bur
4.chestnut - the brown color of chestnutsbrown, brownness - an orange of low brightness and saturation
5.chestnut - a small horny callus on the inner surface of a horse's legcallus - bony tissue formed during the healing of a fractured bone
6.chestnut - a dark golden-brown or reddish-brown horseEquus caballus, horse - solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times
Adj.1.chestnut - (of hair or feathers) of a golden brown to reddish brown color; "a chestnut horse"; "chestnut hair"chromatic - being or having or characterized by hue
Translations
栗子栗色的栗色马陈腐的笑话

chestnut

(ˈtʃesnat) 1. a reddish-brown nut (one type being edible). 栗子 栗子2. a reddish-brown horse. 栗色馬 栗色马3. a boring old joke or story. 陳腐的笑話 陈腐的笑话 adjective of the colour of ripe chestnuts. chestnut hair. 栗色的 栗色的

chestnut

栗子zhCN

chestnut


pull (one's) chestnuts out of the fire

To do a difficult, and often dangerous, task for someone else's benefit. David really pulled my chestnuts out of the fire that time he saved me from drowning. I can't believe my car broke down on this desolate road late at night—thank you so much for pulling my chestnuts out of the fire and picking me up!See also: chestnut, fire, of, out, pull

old chestnut

A topic, saying, or joke that has been repeated so much that it has become boring or irksome. Whether there's truth in it or not, I can't stand that old chestnut "follow your heart."See also: chestnut, old

old chestnut

A stale joke, story, or saying, as in Dad keeps on telling that old chestnut about how many psychiatrists it takes to change a light bulb . This expression comes from William Dimond's play, The Broken Sword (1816), in which one character keeps repeating the same stories, one of them about a cork tree, and is interrupted each time by another character who says "Chestnut, you mean . . . I have heard you tell the joke twenty-seven times and I am sure it was a chestnut." See also: chestnut, old

an old chestnut

or

a hoary old chestnut

mainly BRITISHCOMMON If you describe something that is said or written as an old chestnut or a hoary old chestnut, you mean that it has been repeated so often that it is no longer interesting. Finally, how do you answer that old interview chestnut: `Why should I hire you?' The film is based on the hoary old chestnut of good twin/bad twin, separated at birth, final fatal meeting — you get the idea.See also: chestnut, old

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

or

pull the chestnuts out of the fire

OLD-FASHIONEDIf you pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire or pull the chestnuts out of the fire, you save someone from a very difficult situation which they have caused themselves. It's not our business, pulling their chestnuts out of the fire. The President tried to use the CIA to pull the chestnuts out of the fire. Note: This expression is based on the fable of the cat and the monkey. The cat wanted to get some roast chestnuts out of the fire but did not want to burn its paws, so it persuaded the monkey to do the job instead. See also: chestnut, fire, of, out, pull

an old chestnut

a joke, story, or subject that has become tedious and boring as a result of its age and constant repetition. The most likely source for this sense of chestnut is in the following exchange between two characters, Zavior and Pablo, in William Dimond 's play Broken Sword ( 1816 ): ZAVIOR…When suddenly from the thick boughs of a cork tree— PABLO. (Jumping up) A chesnut, Captain, a chesnut…Captain, this is the twenty-seventh time I have heard you relate this story, and you invariably said, a chesnut, until now.See also: chestnut, old

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

succeed in a hazardous undertaking for someone else's benefit. This expression refers to the fable of a monkey using a cat's paw (or in some versions a dog's paw) to rake out roasting chestnuts from a fire. Cat's paw is sometimes used as a term for someone who is used by another person as a tool or stooge.See also: chestnut, fire, of, out, pull

an/that old ˈchestnut

(informal) a joke or story that has often been repeated and as a result is no longer amusing: ‘He told us all about the police arresting him for climbing into his own house.’ ‘Oh, no, not that old chestnut again.’See also: chestnut, old, that

old chestnut

A stale joke, anecdote, or adage. This term has a specific source, the play The Broken Sword by William Dimond, first produced in 1816. The principal character, a Captain Xavier, constantly repeats the same stories, one of which involves a cork tree. Pablo, another character, interrupts, saying, “Chestnut, you mean, captain. I have heard you tell the joke twenty-seven times, and I am sure it was a chestnut.” The play has long since been forgotten, but the term survives, and has itself become an old chestnut.See also: chestnut, old

pull the chestnuts out of the fire, to

To do someone else’s dirty work. This term comes from an ancient fable in which a monkey, not wishing to burn its own fingers, persuades a cat to retrieve chestnuts that had fallen into the fire (whence also cat’s paw, for being made a dupe). Recounted in numerous early collections of fables (by La Fontaine, 1678, and Sir Roger L’Estrange, 1692, among others), it was transferred to any kind of dirty work by the eighteenth century.See also: chestnut, of, out, pull
See chestnut

chestnut


chestnut,

name for any species of the genus Castanea, deciduous trees of the family Fagaceae (beechbeech,
common name for the Fagaceae, a family of trees and shrubs mainly of temperate and subtropical regions in the Northern Hemisphere. The principal genera—Castanea (chestnut and chinquapin), Fagus (beech), and Quercus
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 or oak family) widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. They are characterized by thin-shelled, sweet, edible nuts borne in a bristly bur. The common American chestnut, C. dentata, is native E of the Mississippi but is now nearly extinct because of the chestnut blight, a disease from Asia caused by the fungus Crypthonectria parasitica, and the clear-cutting that resulted when lumber companies anticipated the destruction of chestnut forests by the fungus. The American chestnut was an important source of timber. Efforts have been made to breed a type of American chestnut resistant to the disease, by crossing it with the blight-resistant Chinese and Japanese chestnuts, in order to replace the old chestnut forests, and significant plantings of the largely American hybrids have been made. The dead and fallen logs were long the the leading domestic source of tannin. Chestnut wood is porous, but it is very durable in soil and has been popular for fence posts, railway ties, and beams. Edible chestnuts are now mostly imported from Italy, where the Eurasian species (C. sativa) has not been destroyed. The chinquapinchinquapin
[Algonquian], name for certain American species of the chestnut genus of the family Fagaceae (beech family) and for a related species, the golden chinquapin (Castanopsis chrysophylla), an evergreen of the Pacific states.
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 belongs to the same genus. Chestnuts are classified in the division MagnoliophytaMagnoliophyta
, division of the plant kingdom consisting of those organisms commonly called the flowering plants, or angiosperms. The angiosperms have leaves, stems, and roots, and vascular, or conducting, tissue (xylem and phloem).
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, class Magnoliopsida, order Fagales, family Fagaceae.

chestnut

A light, coarse-grained, medium-hard wood, used for ornamental work and trim. See also: Wood

Chestnut

 

an arboreal plant of the genus Castanea of the family Fagaceae. There are 14 known species, distributed in North America, Japan, China, and the Mediterranean region. In the USSR, one species is found on the Black Sea Shore of the Caucasus and in Transcaucasia. The European, or Spanish, chestnut (Castanea sativa) is cultivated. The chestnut tree is large (height, up to 35 m; diameter, 2 m) and long-lived (500 and more years). It has a large, spreading crown and a strong, deep root system. The flowers, which are gathered into catkins, are small, unisexual or bisexual, and cross-pollinating. The fruits are nuts (length and width, 1.5– cm), with a delicate grayish brown woody pericarp. Three nuts are usually found in each involucre. The tree begins to fruit after 5–10 years. When the tree is 50 years old, it produces at least 70 kg of nuts (up to 1 ton per hectare).

The chestnut is demanding in terms of light, warmth, and moisture. The tree grows best on brown semihumid acid soils. Chestnut trees are cultivated in Italy, Spain, France, and the USA. In the USSR, they are grown in the Caucasus, the Crimea, Transcaucasia, and Moldavia. The nuts are edible in fresh and cooked form. They are used as an ersatz coffee and as an ingredient in candy. The chestnut kernel contains more than 60 percent starch, up to 17 percent sugar, 8– percent nitrogen compounds, and over 2 percent fat. Chestnut wood, which is of very high quality is valued in wood-working industries and is also used in construction. It is resistant to rot. The wood, the bark, and the nutshells, which are rich in tanning and dyeing substances, are used in the production of textile dyes. There are several types of chestnut trees; they differ in size, taste of the nut, and rate of growth. In the USSR, there are several varieties, including the large-fruited and small-fruited types. Foreign varieties include the Lyon and the Neapolitan; both have very large and tasty fruits.

Usually chestnuts are propagated by seeds. However, the best varieties are propagated by grafts and cuttings. The seeds are stratified in the autumn and planted in a nursery in the spring. The seedling stocks are then grafted with a fistula or bud. Chestnut trees are grown on slopes in deep, well moistened, fertile soils. Each seedling is planted in an area measuring 18 m X 18 m or 20 m X 20 m. The spaces between the rows are used for temporary plantings (for example, filbert trees). The crown of the chestnut tree is formed by 8– boughs and by a trunk measuring 70– cm high. The tending of the soil, including its fertilization and irrigation, is very similar to the care of apple orchards. The most dangerous insect pests are the moth and weevil. Chestnut trees are susceptible to several diseases, including root and trunk cancer and core brown rot. Besides the species of the family Fagaceae, there are species of the family Hippocas-tanaceae that are also called chestnuts, for example, the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum).

REFERENCES

Rikhter, A. A., and V. A. Kolesnikov. Orekhoplodnye kuVtury. Simferopol’, 1952.
Krotkevich, P. G. Kul’tury orekhoplodnykh. Kiev, 1954.

V. A. KOLESNIKOV

chestnut

[′ches‚nət] (botany) The common name for several species of large, deciduous trees of the genus Castanea in the order Fagales, which bear sweet, edible nuts.

chestnut

A light, coarse-grained, medium-hard timber; used for ornamental work and trim.

chestnut

1. any N temperate fagaceous tree of the genus Castanea, such as C. sativa (sweet or Spanish chestnut), which produce flowers in long catkins and nuts in a prickly bur 2. the hard wood of any of these trees, used in making furniture, etc. 3. a. a reddish-brown to brown colour b. (as adjective): chestnut hair 4. a horse of a yellow-brown or golden-brown colour 5. a small horny callus on the inner surface of a horse's leg
MedicalSeehorse chestnut
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