formula

for·mu·la

F0266600 (fôr′myə-lə)n. pl. for·mu·las or for·mu·lae (-lē′) 1. a. An established form of words or symbols for use in a ceremony or procedure.b. An utterance of conventional notions or beliefs; a hackneyed expression.2. A method of doing or treating something that relies on an established, uncontroversial model or approach: a new situation comedy that simply uses an old formula.3. Chemistry a. A symbolic representation of the composition or of the composition and structure of a compound.b. The compound so represented.4. a. A prescription of ingredients in fixed proportion; a recipe.b. A liquid food for infants, containing most of the nutrients in human milk.5. Mathematics A statement, especially an equation, of a fact, rule, principle, or other logical relation.6. Formula Sports A set of specifications, including engine displacement, fuel capacity, and weight, that determine a class of racing car.

[Latin fōrmula, diminutive of fōrma, form.]

for′mu·la′ic (-lā′ĭk) adj.for′mu·la′i·cal·ly adv.

formula

(ˈfɔːmjʊlə) n, pl -las or -lae (-ˌliː) 1. an established form or set of words, as used in religious ceremonies, legal proceedings, etc2. (Mathematics) maths physics a general relationship, principle, or rule stated, often as an equation, in the form of symbols3. (Chemistry) chem a representation of molecules, radicals, ions, etc, expressed in the symbols of the atoms of their constituent elements. See molecular formula, empirical formula, structural formula4. a. a method, pattern, or rule for doing or producing something, often one proved to be successfulb. (as modifier): formula fiction. 5. (Medicine) a. a prescription for making up a medicine, baby's food, etcb. a substance prepared according to such a prescription6. (Motor Racing) motor racing the specific category in which a particular type of car competes, judged according to engine size, weight, and fuel capacity[C17: from Latin: diminutive of forma form] formulaic adj

for•mu•la

(ˈfɔr myə lə)

n., pl. -las, -lae (-ˌli) 1. a set form of words, as for stating something authoritatively, for indicating procedure to be followed, or for prescribed use on some ceremonial occasion. 2. any fixed or conventional method or approach: popular novels produced by formula. 3. a. a mathematical rule or principle, frequently expressed in algebraic symbols. b. such a symbolic expression. 4. an expression of the constituents of a compound by symbols and figures: H₂O is the molecular formula for water. 5. a recipe or prescription. 6. a special nutritive mixture, esp. of milk or milk substitute with other ingredients, in prescribed proportions for feeding a baby. 7. a formal statement of religious doctrine. [1575–85; < Latin: register, form, rule]

for·mu·la

(fôr′myə-lə)1. A set of symbols showing the composition of a chemical compound. A formula lists the elements contained within it and indicates the number of atoms of each element with a subscript numeral if the number is more than 1. For example, H₂O is the formula for water, where H₂ indicates two atoms of hydrogen and O indicates one atom of oxygen.2. A set of symbols that expresses a mathematical rule or principle; for example, the formula for the area of a rectangle is a = lw, where a is the area, l the length, and w the width.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	formula - a group of symbols that make a mathematical statementexpressionmath, mathematics, maths - a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangementsentential function - formal expression containing variables; becomes a sentence when variables are replaced by constantsprimitive - a mathematical expression from which another expression is derivedmathematical statement - a statement of a mathematical relationexponential expression - a mathematical expression consisting of a constant (especially e) raised to some power
	2.	formula - directions for making something recipeinstruction, direction - a message describing how something is to be done; "he gave directions faster than she could follow them"
	3.	formula - a conventionalized statement expressing some fundamental principlestatement - a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc; "according to his statement he was in London on that day"
	4.	formula - a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elementschemical formulastatement - a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc; "according to his statement he was in London on that day"chemical notation - a notation used by chemists to express technical facts in chemistrymolecular formula - a chemical formula based on analysis and molecular weightempirical formula - a chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in a compound rather than the total number of atoms
	5.	formula - something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"; "violence is the rule not the exception"; "his formula for impressing visitors"normal, convention, rule, patternpractice - knowledge of how something is usually done; "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner"mores - (sociology) the conventions that embody the fundamental values of a groupcode of behavior, code of conduct - a set of conventional principles and expectations that are considered binding on any person who is a member of a particular groupuniversal - a behavioral convention or pattern characteristic of all members of a particular culture or of all human beings; "some form of religion seems to be a human universal"
	6.	formula - a liquid food for infantsmilk - any of several nutritive milklike liquids
	7.	formula - (mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; "he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs"; "he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials"ruleprocedure, process - a particular course of action intended to achieve a result; "the procedure of obtaining a driver's license"; "it was a process of trial and error"metarule - a rule that describes how other rules should be used (as in AI)algorithm, algorithmic program, algorithmic rule - a precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problemheuristic, heuristic program, heuristic rule - a commonsense rule (or set of rules) intended to increase the probability of solving some problemrecursion - (mathematics) an expression such that each term is generated by repeating a particular mathematical operationmath, mathematics, maths - a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement

formula

noun1. method, plan, policy, rule, principle, procedure, recipe, prescription, blueprint, precept, modus operandi, way The new peace formula means hostilities have ended.2. form of words, code, phrase, formulary, set expression He developed a mathematical formula.3. mixture, preparation, compound, composition, concoction, tincture, medicine bottles of formula

formula

nounA means or method of entering into or achieving something desirable:key, route, secret.Informal: ticket.

Translations

公式分子式婴儿乳配方

formula

(ˈfoːmjulə) – plurals ˈformulae (-liː) ˈformulas – noun1. an arrangement of signs or letters used in chemistry, arithmetic etc to express an idea briefly. the formula for water is H2O. 分子式，公式 2. a recipe or set of instructions for making something. The shampoo was made to a new formula.配方

formula

→ 公式zhCN, 婴儿乳zhCN

formula

formula,

in chemistry, an expression showing the chemical composition of a compoundcompound,
in chemistry, a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements in chemical combination, occurring in a fixed, definite proportion and arranged in a fixed, definite structure. A compound is often represented by its chemical formula.
..... Click the link for more information. . Formulas of compounds are used in writing the equations (see chemical equationschemical equation,
group of symbols representing a chemical reaction. Basic Notation Used in Equations

The chemical equation 2H₂+O₂→2H₂O represents the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
..... Click the link for more information. ) that represent chemical reactionschemical reaction,
process by which one or more substances may be transformed into one or more new substances. Energy is released or is absorbed, but no loss in total molecular weight occurs.
..... Click the link for more information. . Compounds are combinations in fixed proportions of the chemical elementselement,
in chemistry, a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means. A substance such as a compound can be decomposed into its constituent elements by means of a chemical reaction, but no further simplification can be achieved.
..... Click the link for more information. . The smallest unit of an element is the atomatom
[Gr.,=uncuttable (indivisible)], basic unit of matter; more properly, the smallest unit of a chemical element having the properties of that element. Structure of the Atom
..... Click the link for more information. .

Formulas for Compounds

The formula of a well-known compound, water, is H₂O. Water is made up of molecules, and the formula shows that each molecule consists of two atoms of hydrogen, H, bonded to an atom of oxygen, O. The subscript 2 indicates that there are two atoms of hydrogen in the molecule; where no subscript appears, as after the O, the subscript 1 is implied. It should be kept in mind that not all compounds are molecular. For example, sodium chloride, NaCl, is an ionic rather than a molecular compound. Solid sodium chloride consists of a collection of sodium ions and chloride ions arranged in a regular, three-dimensional pattern called a crystalline structure. One cannot say that a certain sodium ion and a certain chloride ion are grouped together into a unit, since each sodium ion is equally associated with all its neighboring chloride ions and each chloride ion is equally associated with all its neighboring sodium ions. The formula NaCl, therefore, cannot be taken as showing the composition of some particular unit, such as a molecule. Rather, it shows the proportion of the atoms of each element making up the compound—in this case, one atom of sodium to every atom of chlorine; such a formula is called an empirical formula.

Molecular and Empirical Formulas

If a compound is molecular, the molecular formula is preferred to the empirical formula since it gives more information. A molecule of glucose, for example, consists of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms. Its molecular formula, C₆H₁₂O₆, displays this information explicitly; the empirical formula is CH₂O. From the formula one can also deduce the proportion of the atoms of each element making up the compound: one atom of carbon to every two atoms of hydrogen to every one atom of oxygen (6 : 12 : 6=1 : 2 : 1). The empirical formula of glucose, CH₂O, shows only the proportion, not the actual number of atoms.

Many compounds may have the same empirical formula. For example, formaldehyde, each molecule of which consists of one carbon atom, two hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom, has the molecular formula CH₂O, which is identical to the empirical formula of glucose. Another example is furnished by ethyne (acetylene), whose molecular formula is C₂H₂, and benzene, whose molecular formula is C₆H₆. Both have the same empirical formula, CH.

In addition to showing the actual number of atoms, molecular formulas are also more useful than empirical formulas in that they explicitly show radicalsradical,
in chemistry, group of atoms that are joined together in some particular spatial structure and that take part in most chemical reactions as a single unit. Important inorganic radicals include ammonium, NH₄; carbonate, CO₃ ; chlorate, ClO₃
..... Click the link for more information. . For example, the molecular formula for the compound aluminum sulfate, Al₂(SO₄)₃, shows that it contains three sulfate radicals (SO₄). The empirical formula, Al₂S₃O₁₂, does not show this. When only one radical is present in the molecule, the parentheses and subscript are omitted, e.g., CuSO₄ for cupric sulfate. Other groups are also shown in molecular formulas, e.g., the water molecules in the mineral chalcanthite (blue vitriol), which consists of cupric sulfate atoms to each of which are attached five water molecules. Its molecular formula is CuSO₄·5H₂O, its empirical formula CuSO₉H₁₀.

Structural Formulas

In many cases, especially with organic compounds, even the molecular formula does not provide enough information to identify a compound, so that structural formulas are needed. For example, both ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and dimethyl ether have the molecular formula C₂H₆O (see isomerisomer
, in chemistry, one of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures (arrangements of atoms in the molecule). Isomerism is the occurrence of such compounds. Isomerism was first recognized by J. J. Berzelius in 1827.
..... Click the link for more information. ). Their structural formulas are:

In these formulas each line represents a single covalent chemical bondchemical bond,
mechanism whereby atoms combine to form molecules. There is a chemical bond between two atoms or groups of atoms when the forces acting between them are strong enough to lead to the formation of an aggregate with sufficient stability to be regarded as an
..... Click the link for more information. . A double bond is represented by a double line and a triple bond by a triple line. In ethene (ethylene), C₂H₄, the carbon atoms are joined by a double bond. The structural formula of ethene is:

(In many representations of structural formulas, the angles of the lines indicating bonds do not necessarily have meaning.) In ethyne (acetylene), C₂H₂, the carbon atoms are joined by a triple bond. The structural formula of ethyne is:

Semistructural Formulas

Structural formulas are often simplified so that they can be written on a single line; the simplified formulas are often called semistructural formulas. The semistructural formula for ethanol is CH₃CH₂OH, or more simply C₂H₅OH. In such a semistructural formula the OH is written explicitly to indicate that the oxygen has a hydrogen bonded to it. The C₂H₅ indicates that the two carbon atoms are bonded to one another. The semistructural formula for dimethyl ether may be written CH₃OCH₃. Here the O is placed between the two carbon atoms to show that the carbons are bonded to the oxygen. A carbon often has three hydrogens bonded to it, and the H₃ is written after the C. In some cases the H₃ is written before the C for clarity; thus the formula for dimethyl ether might be written H₃COCH₃.

Electron Dot Diagrams

Dots are used in a type of formula called the electron dot diagram, where each pair of dots represents a pair of shared electrons in a covalent bond. The diagrams for ethane (CH₃CH₃), ethene, and ethyne are:

formula,

in mathematics and physics, equationequation,
in mathematics, a statement, usually written in symbols, that states the equality of two quantities or algebraic expressions, e.g., x+3=5. The quantity x
..... Click the link for more information. expressing a definite fixed relationship between certain quantities. The quantities are usually expressed by letters, and their relationship is indicated by algebraic symbols. For example, A=πr² is the formula for the area A of a circle of radius r, and s= 1-2at² is the formula for the distance s traveled by a body experiencing an acceleration a during a time interval t.

Formula

in mathematics, a combination of mathematical symbols that expresses some statement.

Examples of formulas are

It can be seen from these examples that formulas permit rather complicated statements to be written in a compact and convenient form (seeMATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS).

Some formulas—such as (2), (4), and (6) above—express well-defined specific statements and therefore are either true or false. Of these three examples, (2) and (6) are true, and (4) is false.

The sense of other formulas—such as (1), (3), (5), (7), and (8) above—depends on the values of the variables they contain. For example, (1) becomes the true formula 1³ + 2³ < 19 when x = 1, y = 2, and z = 19; on the other hand, if x = 3, y = 4, and z = 5, we have the false formula 3³ + 4³ < 5. Formulas of this type may thus be understood as not being intrinsically true or false. Rather, they become true or false when the variables are replaced by specific objects from some previously chosen domain.

Formulas that are true under any replacement of the variables by objects in some domain are said to be identically true in the domain. For example, formula (5) is identically true in the domain of complex numbers, and formula (8) is identically true in the domain of twice continuously differentiable functions of the arguments x and y. Mathematical laws are written by means of formulas that are true, such as (2) and (6), or identically true in some domain, such as (5) and (8). Moreover, identically true formulas are often understood as assertions with universal validity. For example, the most widely held interpretation of formula (5) considers it to be a shorthand form of the assertion “For any numbers a and b the equality (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² holds.”

Formula

in chemistry, a representation of the composition of chemically individual substances by means of chemical symbols and numbers. Chemical formulas generally have the form A_m B_n C_p . . . . A, B, C, . . . represent the atoms of the chemical elements that make up a given substance, while m, n, p, . . . are numbers, usually integers, that indicate how many atoms of each element are contained in a given substance. (In the chemical formulas of nonstoichiometric compounds, the numbers may be fractions.)

To determine the formula of a substance it is necessary to find the quantitative composition of the substance in percent by weight, replace the percent content by weight with ratios between the numbers of atoms, and represent these ratios by integers. For example, an analysis of copper pyrite yields 34.64 percent Cu by weight, 30.42 percent Fe, and 34.94 percent S. Dividing these numbers by the atomic weights of Cu (63.55), Fe (55.85), and S (32.06), we obtain 0.545, 0.545, and 1.090, respectively. These numbers have the ratio 1:1:2, from which we obtain the formula for copper pyrite—CuFeS₂.

The formulas obtained directly from the results of a quantitative analysis are called empirical, or simplest, formulas. In order to establish the molecular formula of a substance, it is necessary to determine the molecular weight of the substance. If this is not possible, only the empirical formula can be used. The empirical formula contains information only about the quantitative composition of a substance. Molecular formulas include additional information about the actual number of atoms of each element per mole of a substance and, if the substance can be converted into a gas, about the weight of one liter of the gas as well.

Structural formulas represent the interatomic bonds in molecules.

REFERENCE

Nekrasov, B. V. Osnovy obshchei khimii, vol. 1, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1973.

S. A. POGODIN

formula

[′fȯr·myə·lə] (chemistry) A combination of chemical symbols that expresses a molecule's composition. A reaction formula showing the interrelationship between reactants and products. (mathematics) An equation or rule relating mathematical objects or quantities.

formula

1. Maths physics a general relationship, principle, or rule stated, often as an equation, in the form of symbols 2. Chem a representation of molecules, radicals, ions, etc., expressed in the symbols of the atoms of their constituent elements 3. a. a prescription for making up a medicine, baby's food, etc. b. a substance prepared according to such a prescription 4. Motor racing the specific category in which a particular type of car competes, judged according to engine size, weight, and fuel capacity

formula

(1)In logic, a sequence of symbols representing terms,predicates, connectives and quantifiers which is eithertrue or false.

formula

(language, music)FORTH Music Language. An extension ofFORTH with concurrent note-playing processes. Runs onMacintosh and Atari ST with MIDI output.

["Formula: A Programming Language for Expressive ComputerMusic", D.P. Anderson et al Computer 24(7):12 (Jul 1991)].

formula

(3)Preprocessor language for the Acorn Archimedes, allowinginline high-level statements to be entered in an assemblyprogram. Written in nawk.

formula

(1) An arithmetic expression that solves a problem. For example, (fahrenheit-32)*5/9 is the formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius. See formula editor.

(2) In spreadsheets, an algorithm that identifies how the data in a specific number of cells is to be calculated. For example, +C3*D8 means that the contents of cell C3 are to be multiplied by the contents of cell D8 and the results are to be placed in the cell where the formula is located.

See formula

formula

for·mu·la

formula

for•mu•la

for·mu·la

formula

formula

formula

formula

formula

formula,

Formulas for Compounds

Molecular and Empirical Formulas

Structural Formulas

Semistructural Formulas

Electron Dot Diagrams

formula,

Formula

Formula

REFERENCE

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for·mu·la

for·mu·las

for·mu·lae

formula

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Patient discussion about formula

formula

Synonyms for formula

noun method

Synonyms

noun form of words

Synonyms

noun mixture

Synonyms

Synonyms for formula

noun a means or method of entering into or achieving something desirable

Synonyms

Synonyms for formula

noun a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement

Synonyms

Related Words

noun directions for making something

Synonyms

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noun a conventionalized statement expressing some fundamental principle

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noun a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements

Synonyms

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noun something regarded as a normative example

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noun a liquid food for infants

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noun (mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems

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