| 释义 |
body image
body imagen. One's subjective perception of one's physical appearance.body image n (Psychology) psychol an individual's concept of his or her own body Body Image
Body Image the reflection of one’s own body in one’s consciousness, including the outline, dimensions, and boundaries of the body and the relative position of its parts as well as clothing, footwear, habitual articles and tools, prostheses, and the like. A body image is continuously being developed and altered in the course of one’s life. The concept of body image is used in the study of various mental disturbances—such as depersonalization, impaired perception of right and left, nonrecognition of the parts of one’s body or the sense of their being spatially estranged, the phenomenon of phantom limbs, and the fantasy of a “double”—for purposes of topical diagnosis (for example, of a lesion in the right parietal region) as well as to solve practical problems in prosthetics. In aviation and aerospace psychology the concept of body image is applied to problems of spatial orientation (as in the system man-spacecraft-surrounding space, for example, or illusions regarding spatial location). REFERENCESMeerovich, R. I. Rasstroistva “skhemy tela” pri psikhkheskikh zabolevaniiakh. Leningrad, 1948.
Giliarovskii, V. A. “Chto takoe ’skhema tela’ v svete dannykh nashikh fiziologov.” Vestnik Akademii meditsinskikh nauk SSSR, 1958, no. 10.
Gorbov, F. D. “Problemy kosmicheskoi psikhofiziologii.” In the collection Chelovek vyshel v kosmicheskoe prostranstvo. Moscow, 1966.F. D. GORBOV body image
body [bod´e] trunk (def. 1).1. the largest and most important part of any organ.2. any mass or collection of material.acetone b's ketone bodies.alkapton b's a class of substances with an affinity for alkali, found in the urine and causing the condition known as alkaptonuria. The compound commonly found, and most commonly referred to by the term, is homogentisic acid.amygdaloid body a small mass of subcortical gray matter within the tip of the temporal lobe, anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is part of the limbic system.aortic b's small neurovascular structures on either side of the aorta in the region of the aortic arch, containing chemoreceptors that play a role in reflex regulation of respiration.asbestos b's golden yellow bodies of various shapes, formed by the deposition of calcium salts, iron salts, and proteins on a spicule of asbestos" >asbestos, found in the lungs, lung secretions, and feces of patients with asbestosis" >asbestosis.Aschoff b's submiliary collections of cells and leukocytes in the interstitial tissues of the heart in the myocarditis that accompanies rheumatic fever; called also Aschoff's nodules.asteroid body an irregularly star-shaped inclusion body found in the giant cells in sarcoidosis and other diseases.Babès-Ernst body metachromatic granule.Barr body sex chromatin.basal body a modified centriole that occurs at the base of a flagellum or cilium.carotid b's small neurovascular structures lying in the bifurcation of the right and left carotid arteries, containing chemoreceptors that monitor the oxygen content of the blood and help to regulate respiration.ciliary body see ciliary body.Donovan b's encapsulated bacteria (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) found in lesions of granuloma inguinale, visible when a Wright-stained smear of infected tissue is viewed under a microscope.body dysmorphic disorder a somatoform disorder in which a normal-appearing person is either preoccupied with an imagined defect in appearance or is overly concerned about a very slight physical anomaly. See also body image. Called also dysmorphophobia.fimbriate body corpus fimbriatum.foreign body a mass of material that is not normal to the place where it is found.fruiting body a specialized structure of certain fungi that produces the spores.geniculate body, lateral either of the two metathalamus eminences, one on each side just lateral to the medial geniculate bodies, marking the termination of the optic tract.geniculate body, medial either of the two metathalamus eminences, one on each side just lateral to the superior colliculi, concerned with hearing.hematoxylin body a dense, homogeneous particle, easily stainable with hematoxylin, consisting of nuclear material derived from an injured cell together with a small amount of cytoplasm. Hematoxylin bodies occur in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lymphocytes that ingest such particles are known as le cells. Called also LE body.Howell's b's (Howell-Jolly b's) smooth, round remnants of nuclear chromatin seen in erythrocytes in megaloblastic and hemolytic anemia, in various leukemias and after splenectomy.body image the total concept, including conscious and unconscious feelings, thoughts, and perceptions, that a person has of his or her own body as an object in space independent and apart from other objects. The body image develops during infancy and childhood from exploration of the body surface and orifices, from development of physical abilities, and from play and comparison of the self with others. Changes in body image are particularly important in adolescence when attention is focused on appearance and attractiveness and relations with others. Body image is strongly influenced by parental attitudes that give the child a perception of certain body parts as good, clean, and attractive, or bad, dirty, and repulsive. The evolution of body image continues throughout life and incorporates such factors as a person's style of dress, hair style, and use of makeup, which symbolize social and professional status and other feelings about the self.
Many clinical syndromes involve disturbances of body image. Disturbed body image is a nursing diagnosis that was approved by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, defined as confusion in the mental picture of one's physical self. Surgery or trauma involving disfigurement or loss of a body part can be very threatening to a patient. Diseases involving a loss of body function, such as stroke syndrome, paraplegia, quadriplegia, coronary heart disease, and bowel or bladder incontinence, and diseases involving disfiguring skin lesions or the feeling of “rotting away” as in cancer or gangrene, can all cause changes in body image. Body image is frequently disturbed in schizophrenia, and patients may feel that their body or its parts are changing in size or shape or are ugly or threatening. Rape or violent physical assault can disturb the feeling of being secure in one's own body. Changes in body image involving sexual attractiveness or sexual identity, such as surgery or trauma involving the genitals or breasts and tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or vasectomy, can be especially difficult for the patient to deal with. Intrusive therapeutic or diagnostic procedures, such as insertion of a nasogastric tube, bladder catheterization, administration of intravenous fluids, endoscopy, and cardiac catheterization, can also threaten a patient's body image.
The reaction of a patient to an alteration in body image can include mourning the loss of the former body image, fear of rejection by significant others, hostility, and experiencing of “phantom” sensations from missing body parts. Patients with less ability to cope with their loss may respond with denial or depression. This can lead to a rejection of the altered body image and feelings of depersonalization that can involve avoidance of interpersonal contact and an unwillingness to discuss the deformity or to accept corrective medical treatment or vocational rehabilitation.inclusion b's round, oval, or irregular-shaped bodies in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells, as in disease caused by viral infection, such as rabies, smallpox, and herpes.ketone b's see ketone bodies.lamellar body keratinosome.Lafora's b's intracytoplasmic inclusions consisting of a complex of glycoprotein and acid mucopolysaccharide; widespread deposits are found in Lafora's disease, a type of epilepsy.LE body hematoxylin body.Leishman-Donovan b's round or oval bodies found in the reticuloendothelial cells, especially those of the spleen and liver, in kala-azar; they are nonflagellate intracellular forms of Leishmania donovani. Also used to designate similar forms of Leishmania tropica found in macrophages in lesions of leishmaniasis" >cutaneous leishmaniasis.mamillary body (mammillary body) either of the pair of small spherical masses in the interpeduncular fossa of the midbrain, forming part of the hypothalamus.Masson b's cellular tissue that fills the pulmonary alveoli and alveolar ducts in rheumatic pneumonia; they may be modified Aschoff's bodies.molluscum b's large homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusions found in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum in molluscum contagiosum, which contain replicating virus particles and cellular debris.multilamellar body any of the osmiophilic, lipid-rich, layered bodies found in the great alveolar cells of the lung.Negri b's oval or round bodies in the nerve cells of animals dead of rabies.Nissl b's large granular bodies that stain with basic dyes, forming the reticular substance of the cytoplasm of neurons, composed of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free polyribosomes; ribonucleoprotein is one of their main constituents. Called also Nissl's granules.olivary body olive (def. 2).paraaortic b's see para-aortic bodies.pineal body see pineal body.pituitary body pituitary gland.polar b's 1. the small cells consisting of a tiny bit of cytoplasm and a nucleus; they result from unequal division of the primary oocyte (first polar body) and, if fertilization occurs, of the secondary oocyte (second polar body).2. metachromatic granules located at one or both ends of a bacterial cell.psammoma b's usually microscopic, laminated masses of calcareous material, occurring in both benign and malignant epithelial and connective-tissue tumors, and sometimes associated with chronic inflammation.quadrigeminal b's corpora quadrigemina.body of sternum the second or main part of the sternum, bounded by the manubrium above and the xiphoid process below. Called also gladiolus and corpus sterni.striate body corpus striatum.trachoma b's inclusion bodies found in clusters in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the conjunctiva in trachoma.vitreous body the transparent gel filling the inner portion of the eyeball between the lens and retina. Called also vitreous and vitreous humor.wolffian body mesonephros.
image [im´ahj] a picture or concept with more or less likeness to an objective reality.body image see body image.digital image a depiction recorded electronically to allow viewing or transmission on a computer.image distributor beam splitter.disturbed body image a nursing diagnosis defined as confusion in the mental picture of one's personal self. See also body image.fluoroscopic image a visual depiction on a fluoroscopy screen.image intensifier a fluoroscope that is electronically enhanced to produce a brighter image; see also control" >automatic brightness control, gain" >brightness gain, and vignetting.latent image the invisible change in radiographic film that is caused by x-radiation or light and is made visible by development of the film.magnification image direct radiographic enlargement requiring a fractional focus tube of 0.3 mm or less.manifest image the change on an x-ray film that becomes visible when the image" >latent image undergoes appropriate chemical processing.mirror image 1. the image of light made visible by the reflecting surface of the cornea and lens when illuminated through the slit lamp.2. an image with right and left relations reversed, as in the reflection of an object in a mirror.motor image the organized cerebral model of the possible movements of the body.phantom image an artifact seen in conventional tomography" >linear tomography.bod·y im·age1. the cerebral representation of all body sensation organized in the parietal cortex; 2. personal conception of one's own body as distinct from one's actual anatomic body or the conception other peole have of it. Synonym(s): body schemabody image The concept of one’s body or self as presented to others. One’s body image is a core aspect of selfhood, which incorporates personal attitudes and perceptions concerning one’s appearance.body image Psychology The concept of one's body or self as presented to others; the BI is core aspect of 'selfness,' which incorporates personal attitudes and perceptions concerning one's appearance. See Hair replacement. bod·y im·age (bod'ē im'ăj) 1. The representation of all body sensation. 2. Personal conception of one's own body as distinct from one's actual body or the conception other persons have of it. body image The mental picture of the body provided by the association connections between the part of the brain concerned with body sensation (the sensory CORTEX in the postcentral GYRUS) and those parts concerned with the special senses. Body image is distorted in various conditions, especially ANOREXIA NERVOSA.Body imageA term that refers to a person s inner picture of his or her outward appearance. It has two components: perceptions of the appearance of one's body, and emotional responses to those perceptions.Mentioned in: Body Dysmorphic Disorderbod·y im·age (bod'ē im'ăj) 1. Cerebral representation of all body sensation organized in the parietal cortex. 2. Personal conception of one's own body as distinct from one's actual anatomic body. FinancialSeeBodyThesaurusSeeimage |