chloramphenicol

chlo·ram·phen·i·col

C0313000 (klôr′ăm-fĕn′ĭ-kôl′, -kŏl′, -kōl′)n. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, C₁₁H₁₂Cl₂N₂O₅, derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae or produced synthetically.

[chlor(o)- + am(ide) + phe(no)- + ni(tro)- + (gly)col.]

chloramphenicol

(ˌklɔːræmˈfɛnɪˌkɒl) n (Pharmacology) a broad-spectrum antibiotic used esp in treating typhoid fever and rickettsial infections: obtained from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae or synthesized. Formula: C11H12N2O5Cl2[C20: from chloro- + am(ido)- + phe(no)- + ni(tro)- + (gly)col]

chlo•ram•phen•i•col

(ˌklɔr æmˈfɛn ɪˌkɔl, -ˌkɒl, ˌkloʊr-)

n. an antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces venezuelae or synthesized, used chiefly for treating rickettsial infections. [1945–50; chlor- + am(ido)- + phe(n)- + ni(tro)- + (gly)col]

Thesaurus

Noun

chloramphenicol - an oral antibiotic (trade name Chloromycetin) used to treat serious infections (especially typhoid fever)Chloromycetinantibiotic, antibiotic drug - a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that can kill microorganisms and cure bacterial infections; "when antibiotics were first discovered they were called wonder drugs"

Translations

chloramphenicol

(klōr'ămfĕn`əkŏl'), antibioticantibiotic,
any of a variety of substances, usually obtained from microorganisms, that inhibit the growth of or destroy certain other microorganisms. Types of Antibiotics
..... Click the link for more information. effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (see Gram's stainGram's stain,
laboratory staining technique that distinguishes between two groups of bacteria by the identification of differences in the structure of their cell walls. The Gram stain, named after its developer, Danish bacteriologist Christian Gram, has become an important tool
..... Click the link for more information. ). It was originally isolated from a species of Streptomyces bacteria. Chloramphenicol's antibiotic activity results from its interference with protein synthesis in invading microbes. However, it is a very toxic substance, its most serious and potentially lethal effect being depression of red blood cell production in bone marrowbone marrow,
soft tissue filling the spongy interiors of animal bones. Red marrow is the principal organ that forms blood cells in mammals, including humans (see blood). In children, the bones contain only red marrow.
..... Click the link for more information. ; cases of leukemia were also attributed to early use of chloramphenicol. Because of its toxicity, chloramphenicol is rarely prescribed for infections that can be treated by other antibiotics. It is used as an alternative therapy to treat typhoid fever, some forms of meningitis, and rickettsial infections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. Chloramphenicol is commonly used in biological research to study protein synthesis. Chloromycetin is a trade name for chloramphenicol.

chloramphenicol

[‚klȯr‚am′fen·ə‚kȯl] (microbiology) C₁₁H₁₂O₂N₂Cl₂ A colorless, crystalline, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces venezuelae; industrial production is by chemical synthesis. Also known as chloromycetin.

chloramphenicol

[klor″am-fen´ĭ-kol] a broad-spectrum antibiotic with specific therapeutic activity against rickettsiae and many different bacteria. Side effects include serious, even fatal, blood dyscrasias in certain patients. Frequent blood tests are recommended during therapy.

chlor·am·phen·i·col

(klōr'am-fen'i-kol), An antibiotic originally obtained from Streptomyces venezuelae. It is effective against several pathogenic microorganisms. A serious reaction resulting in marrow damage with agranulocytosis or aplastic anemia may occur. Gray syndrome may occur in newborns because glucuronosyltransferase, needed to metabolize the drug, is lacking.

chloramphenicol

(klôr′ăm-fĕn′ĭ-kôl′, -kŏl′, -kōl′)n. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, C₁₁H₁₂Cl₂N₂O₅, derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae or produced synthetically.

chloramphenicol

Infectious disease A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against gram-positive cocci–eg Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative coccobacilli–eg Brucella abortus Complications Aplastic anemia

chlor·am·phen·i·col

(klōr'am-fen'i-kol) An antibiotic originally obtained from Streptomyces venezuelae. It is effective against various pathogenic microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Brucella abortus, Friedländer bacillus, and the organisms of typhoid, typhus,and Rocky Mountain spotted fever; active by mouth. A serious reaction resulting in marrow damage with agranulocytosis or aplastic anemia may occur.

chloramphenicol

An antibiotic originally derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae . It is highly effective in many serious conditions but has some dangerous side effects which limit its use mainly to external eye infections. In view of the spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms, however, systemic chloramphenicol is again being used to treat dangerous infections. The drug is on the WHO official list. Brand names of the eye preparations are Chloromycetin, Kemicetin, Minims chloramphenicol and Sno Phenicol.

chloramphenicol

a BACTERIOSTATIC antibiotic produced by a species of Streptomyces that interferes with protein synthesis on the 50S subunit of the RIBOSOME of prokaryotes. Chloramphenicol inhibits the activity of the enzyme peptidyl transferase which catalyses the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids as they are added to the polypeptide chain.

chloramphenicol

A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against a wide variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa). It is commonly used in solution 0.5% or ointment 1% to treat bacterial conjunctivitis or blepharitis.

chlor·am·phen·i·col

(klōr'am-fen'i-kol) An antibiotic effective against several pathogenic microorganisms.

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Synonyms for chloramphenicol

noun an oral antibiotic (trade name Chloromycetin) used to treat serious infections (especially typhoid fever)

Synonyms

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