| 释义 |
dredge
dredge 1 D0386400 (drĕj)n.1. Any of various machines equipped with scooping or suction devices and used to deepen harbors and waterways and in underwater mining.2. Nautical A boat or barge equipped with a dredge.3. An implement consisting of a net on a frame, used for gathering shellfish.v. dredged, dredg·ing, dredg·es v.tr.1. To clean, deepen, or widen with a dredge.2. To bring up with a dredge: dredged up the silt.3. To come up with; unearth: dredged up bitter memories.v.intr. To use a dredge: dredging for alluvial gold.
[Middle English dreg- (in dreg-boat, boat for dredging); akin to ; akin to Old English dragan, to draw.]
dredge 2 D0386400 (drĕj)tr.v. dredged, dredg·ing, dredg·es To coat (food) by sprinkling with a powder, such as flour or sugar.
[From obsolete dredge, a sweetmeat, from Middle English dragge, from Old French dragie, alteration of Latin tragēmata, confectionary, from Greek, pl. of tragēma, sweetmeat; see terə- in Indo-European roots.]dredge (drɛdʒ) n1. (Mechanical Engineering) Also called: dredger a machine, in the form of a bucket ladder, grab, or suction device, used to remove material from a riverbed, channel, etc2. (Mechanical Engineering) another name for dredger1vb3. (Mechanical Engineering) to remove (material) from a riverbed, channel, etc, by means of a dredge4. (Mechanical Engineering) (tr) to search for (a submerged object) with or as if with a dredge; drag[C16: perhaps ultimately from Old English dragan to draw; see drag]
dredge (drɛdʒ) vb (Cookery) to sprinkle or coat (food) with flour, sugar, etc[C16: from Old French dragie, perhaps from Latin tragēmata spices, from Greek]dredge1 (drɛdʒ)
n., v. dredged, dredg•ing. n. 1. any of various powerful machines for dredging up or removing earth, as by means of a scoop or a series of buckets. 2. a barge on which such a machine is mounted. 3. a dragnet or other contrivance for gathering material or objects from the bottom of a river, bay, etc. v.t. 4. clear out with a dredge: to dredge a river. 5. to remove (sand, silt, etc.) from the bottom of a river or other body of water. v.i. 6. to use a dredge. 7. dredge up, to discover and reveal; unearth. [1425–75] dredge2 (drɛdʒ)
v.t. dredged, dredg•ing. to coat (food) with a powdery substance, as flour. [1590–1600; v. use of dredge mixture of grains, late Middle English dragge, dregge, appar. identical with Middle English drag(g)e, dragie sweetmeat, confection < Old French (see dragée)] dredg′er, n. dredge
Past participle: dredged
Gerund: dredging
| Present |
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| I dredge | | you dredge | | he/she/it dredges | | we dredge | | you dredge | | they dredge |
| Preterite |
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| I dredged | | you dredged | | he/she/it dredged | | we dredged | | you dredged | | they dredged |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am dredging | | you are dredging | | he/she/it is dredging | | we are dredging | | you are dredging | | they are dredging |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have dredged | | you have dredged | | he/she/it has dredged | | we have dredged | | you have dredged | | they have dredged |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was dredging | | you were dredging | | he/she/it was dredging | | we were dredging | | you were dredging | | they were dredging |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had dredged | | you had dredged | | he/she/it had dredged | | we had dredged | | you had dredged | | they had dredged |
| Future |
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| I will dredge | | you will dredge | | he/she/it will dredge | | we will dredge | | you will dredge | | they will dredge |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have dredged | | you will have dredged | | he/she/it will have dredged | | we will have dredged | | you will have dredged | | they will have dredged |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be dredging | | you will be dredging | | he/she/it will be dredging | | we will be dredging | | you will be dredging | | they will be dredging |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been dredging | | you have been dredging | | he/she/it has been dredging | | we have been dredging | | you have been dredging | | they have been dredging |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been dredging | | you will have been dredging | | he/she/it will have been dredging | | we will have been dredging | | you will have been dredging | | they will have been dredging |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been dredging | | you had been dredging | | he/she/it had been dredging | | we had been dredging | | you had been dredging | | they had been dredging |
| Conditional |
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| I would dredge | | you would dredge | | he/she/it would dredge | | we would dredge | | you would dredge | | they would dredge |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have dredged | | you would have dredged | | he/she/it would have dredged | | we would have dredged | | you would have dredged | | they would have dredged |
dredgeTo cover with a sprinkling of flour or sugar.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  dredge - a power shovel to remove material from a channel or riverbeddredger - a barge (or a vessel resembling a barge) that is used for dredgingdredging bucket - a bucket for lifting material from a channel or riverbedpower shovel, digger, excavator, shovel - a machine for excavatingscoop shovel, scoop - the shovel or bucket of a dredge or backhoe | | Verb | 1. | dredge - cover before cooking; "dredge the chicken in flour before frying it"cookery, cooking, preparation - the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat; "cooking can be a great art"; "people are needed who have experience in cookery"; "he left the preparation of meals to his wife"flour - cover with flour; "flour fish or meat before frying it"coat, surface - put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface; "coat the cake with chocolate" | | 2. | dredge - search (as the bottom of a body of water) for something valuable or lostdraglook for, search, seek - try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of; "The police are searching for clues"; "They are searching for the missing man in the entire county" | | 3. | dredge - remove with a power shovel, usually from a bottom of a body of waterremove, take away, withdraw, take - remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; "remove a threat"; "remove a wrapper"; "Remove the dirty dishes from the table"; "take the gun from your pocket"; "This machine withdraws heat from the environment" |
Translationsdredge1 (dredʒ) verb to deepen or clear the bed of (a river etc) by bringing up mud. 疏濬 疏通河道，疏浚 ˈdredger noun a boat with apparatus for dredging. 疏濬機 挖泥船，挖泥机
dredge2 (dredʒ) verb to sprinkle (food with sugar etc). pancakes dredged with sugar. 撒糖(在食物上) 把（糖等）撒在食物上 dredge
dredge up1. Literally, to take out material in order to increase the depth of a body of water. A noun or pronoun can be used between "dredge" and "up." I think we can deepen the pond by dredging up some more sand.2. To pull something from the depths of a body of water. A noun or pronoun can be used between "dredge" and "up." Hopefully, the divers will be able to dredge up more pieces of the plane today, and we can start analyzing them.3. By extension, to resume the discussion of something (usually something unpleasant or troublesome). A noun or pronoun can be used between "dredge" and "up." Can we all please try not to dredge up old hurts at this year's Thanksgiving dinner?4. To find or obtain something after much searching. A noun or pronoun can be used between "dredge" and "up." What else can we do to dredge up support for this petition? I was able to dredge up some of the suspect's financial records.See also: dredge, updredge someone or something up 1. . Lit. to scoop something up from underwater. The workers dredged the lifeless body up from the cold black water. They dredged up the mud from the riverbed. 2. Fig. to use some effort to seek and find someone or something. I will see if I can dredge a date up for Friday. Can you dredge up a date for me? I don't have a wrench here, but I'll see if I can dredge one up from the basement.dredge upv.1. To deepen some body of water by digging and removing material from its bottom: They'll have to dredge up the river, or else the larger ships won't be able to pass through. Because the stream was hard to navigate, the farmer paid someone to dredge it up.2. To raise something from the bottom of a body of water: The workers dredged up a car from the bottom of the lake. They dredged a lot of garbage up from the bottom of the canal.3. To bring something back into discussion or importance, especially something unpleasant: I wish you hadn't dredged up that issue with our boss. I had been content to forget about the accident until my neighbor dredged it up by asking me questions about it.See also: dredge, updredge
dredge a machine, in the form of a bucket ladder, grab, or suction device, used to remove material from a riverbed, channel, etc. Dredge a floating ore-concentration installation with equipment designed for the working of submerged mineral deposits and for the extraction of valuable components with a | Table 1. Main technical features of Soviet-produced multiple-scoop dredges (1970) |
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| | Irkutsk Heavy Machinery Plant | Perm’ Machine-building Plant |
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| | 80D | 150D | 250D | 600D | OM-431 | OM-417 |
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| Scoop capacity (liters)............... | 80 | 150 | 250 | 600 | 380 | 400 | | Underwater excavation depth (m)............... | 6 | 9 | 12 | 50 | 30 | 17 | | Average productivity (m3/hr)............... | 100 | 180 | 320 | 500 | 400 | 450 | | Rated power of electric motors (kW)............... | 392 | 800 | 1,082 | 7,300 | 2,110 | 2,494 | | Dimensions (m): | | | | | | | | length............... | 50.2 | 74.6 | 92.0 | 236.0 | 156.2 | 122.8 | | width | 16.7 | 24.5 | 26.0 | 50.0 | 35.9 | 38.6 | | height............... | 17.0 | 21.6 | 25.7 | 53.7 | 39.0 | 35.0 | | Structural weight (tons)............... | 386 | 912 | 1,373 | 10,331 | 3,252 | 2,594 | | Displacement under operating conditiosn (tons)............... | 410 | 990 | 1,460 | 10,854 | 3,480 | 2,865 |
specific gravity exceeding 3 (gold, platinum, tin, diamonds, and so on). Dredges are used mainly in working alluvial and eluvial-deluvial placers, as well as offshore and coastal placers, with the exception of boulder varieties, which are strongly cemented by rocks and viscous clays. Dredges are divided into two categories, continental and seagoing. The former (for working placers on land), as a rule, are mounted on a flat-bottomed pontoon (ship), which ensures normal flotation and operation on a closed body of water, in accordance with the requirements of the River Register of the RSFSR. Seagoing dredges are designed for working placer and sedimentary deposits lying in offshore waters and in deep-water areas of large lakes, seas, and oceans. These dredges generally are mounted on self-propelled or towed keel ships (less frequently flat-bottomed vessels), ensuring normal flotation and operation in the open sea under storm conditions, in accordance with the requirements of the Marine Register. Dredges are equipped with washing and concentrating equipment that is mounted on the ship, or they operate on an “extraction-concentration” scheme, sending ore to shore-based or floating concentration installations for processing. Seagoing and continental dredges are distinguished according to their type of power (electric, diesel-electric, diesel, and steam), their means of propulsion (cable-pile or cable-anchor systems), their maximum possible depth of working or extraction (shallow—to 6 m, medium—to 18 m, deep—to 50 m, and extradeep—over 50 m), and the operating principle of the extraction apparatus. This apparatus may be of the scoop type (single-scoop, with a power-shovel scoop, a grab bucket, or a bucket dragline; and multiple-scoop, with an interrupted or continuous scoop chain). Scoop capacities are classified as low (to 100 liters), medium (to 250 liters), and high (over 250 liters). Pneumatic-suction and hydraulic extraction equipment consists of suction dredges with or without mechanical or hydraulic scarifiers and jet, airlift, and suction dredges with deep-well pumps. The area of use of dredges is determined by the depths at which minerals are worked. In working continental placers, there is widespread use of electric (less frequently diesel and steam), multiple-scoop dredges with continuous and interrupted scoop chains (capacity 50-600 liters) and closed concentration cycles; seagoing dredges use one-scoop hydraulicand pneumatic-suction devices. Seagoing dredges differ structurally from continental varieties in terms of maneuvering and transport-dumping equipment (the absence of pile supports and stacker conveyer). In the open sea, navigation and maneuvering of the dredge along the face of mineral deposits is accomplished by means of a cable-anchor device. A multiple-scoop dredge consists of a floating vessel, generally in the form of a welded all-metal flat-bottomed pontoon on which are located the massive trusses of the hull (the superstructure), which are rigidly fastened to it, and the above-deck structure, as well as the forward and rear towers, scooping and maneuvering devices, and concentrating equipment. In Russia small-capacity one-scoop dredges known as pakhari (plowmen) were used by prospectors to mine gold from small channel-lag placers. The first multiple-scoop dredge with mechanized steam-engine drive was built in New Zealand in 1870. In Russia the first multiple-scoop dredge, which was re-equipped from a dredging shovel bought in Holland, was set up in 1893 in the Kudacha River valley at the Amur Rozhdestvenskii mine. The first Russian dredges were produced in 1900 at the Nev’ianskii Plant in the Urals. The largest increase in dredge construction took place in the 1930’s and 1940’s, when the operating fleets of foreign countries numbered nearly 400 high-capacity dredges. The Krasnyi Putilovets plant (now the Kirov Plant in Leningrad) was a pioneer in Soviet dredge construction. From 1926 to 1930 it produced electric dredges with scoop capacities of 210 and 380 liters. Foreign imports of dredges were ended as a consequence of such production. In 1931 the Irkutsk Heavy Machinery Plant manufactured the first dredges with scoop capacities of 150 liters. In 1969 the Irkutsk plant manufactured the world’s largest electric dredge, with scoop capacities of 600 liters and a maximum excavation depth of 50 m below the surface of the water. Soviet dredge-construction enterprises are mass-producing electric dredges of several types and sizes (see Table 1). In most foreign countries, because of the exhaustion of the supplies of continental placers, operating dredges are commonly transferred from one mineral deposit to another (South America). New dredges, intended basically to process tin-bearing placers (Malaysia and Indonesia), and coastal-offshore diamond-bearing placers (West Africa), are being manufactured in small quantities. The USSR, which has the most powerful and largest dredge fleet in the world, has great achievements to its credit in dredge construction and is a pacesetter for world technology and science in this field. A new development in dredge construction consists of equipping maneuvering devices with independent hoists and gears that are designed to perform one specific technical operation. As a rule, these hoists are electrically interlocked and centrally controlled, which ensures rhythmic operation of the dredge. Under optimum conditions for ore concentration on dredges, high degrees of extraction are achieved (from sand, 93.8-98.6 percent of heavy metals and 89.5-95.6 percent of light minerals). The development of dredge construction is proceeding in the direction of maximum standardization of dredge units and assemblies. Dredges are being equipped with the latest high-production apparatus, including efficient systems of variable electric drive and means of automated control, monitoring, and remote inspection of technological processes, electronic control devices, computers, industrial television, and sound fixing and radiogeodetic installations. REFERENCESSviridov, A. P. Dragi i dragirovanie. Moscow, 1952.
Shorokhov, S. M. Razrabotka rossypnykh mestorozhdenii i osnovy proektirovaniia. Moscow, 1963.
Leshkov, V. G. Spravochnik drazhnika. Moscow, 1968.
Leshkov, V. G. Sovremennaia tekhnika i tekhnologiia drazhnykh rabot. Moscow, 1971.
Mero, J. Mineral’nye bogatstva okeana. Moscow, 1969. (Translated from English.)V. G. LESHKOV dredge[drej] (engineering) A cylindrical or rectangular device for collecting samples of bottom sediment and benthic fauna. (mechanical engineering) A floating excavator used for widening or deepening channels, building canals, constructing levees, raising material from stream or harbor bottoms to be used elsewhere as fill, or mining. dredge1. A floating excavator for removing earth or rock from under water. Usually accomplished by clamshell, power shovel, or cutterhead combined with a suction line. 2. To remove soil from an area under water.AcronymsSeeYMdredge
Related to dredge: dredge up, Suction dredgeSynonyms for dredgenoun a power shovel to remove material from a channel or riverbedRelated Words- dredger
- dredging bucket
- power shovel
- digger
- excavator
- shovel
- scoop shovel
- scoop
verb cover before cookingRelated Words- cookery
- cooking
- preparation
- flour
- coat
- surface
verb search (as the bottom of a body of water) for something valuable or lostSynonymsRelated Wordsverb remove with a power shovel, usually from a bottom of a body of waterRelated Words- remove
- take away
- withdraw
- take
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