bacillary dysentery
| Noun | 1. |  bacillary dysentery - an acute infection of the intestine by shigella bacteria; characterized by diarrhea and fever and abdominal pains |
| 单词 | bacillary dysentery | |||
| 释义 | bacillary dysentery
bacillary dysenteryBacillary dysenteryA highly contagious intestinal disease caused by rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Shigella. Bacillary dysentery is a significant infection of children in the developing world, where it is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. The global disease burden is estimated as 165 million episodes and 1.3 million deaths annually. Common-source outbreaks occasionally occur in developed countries, usually as a result of contaminated food. The most common species isolated in developed countries is S. sonnei, while S. flexneri serotypes predominate in endemic areas. Epidemics of S. dysenteriae 1 occur in equatorial regions, and these outbreaks can involve adults as well as children. When ingested even in very small numbers, shigellae multiply in the intestine and invade the epithelial lining of the colon. Infection of this tissue elicits an acute inflammatory response (colitis) that is manifested as diarrhea or bloody, mucoid stools (dysentery). The virulence of all Shigella species, and Shigella-like enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, depends on an extrachromosomal genetic element (virulence plasmid) that encodes four invasion plasmid antigen (Ipa) proteins and a secretory system (Type III) for these proteins. Secreted Ipa proteins help shigellae to initiate colonic invasion through specialized endocytic intestinal cells (M cells). After shigellae pass through these M cells, they are phagocytized by tissue macrophages in the underlying lymphoid tissue. Ipa proteins then induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in infected macrophages, releasing cytokines (primarily IL-1) that initiate an acute, localized inflammatory infiltrate. This infiltrate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes destabilizes tight junctions between absorptive epithelial cells (enterocytes), making the tissue more susceptible to additional Shigella invasion. Secreted Ipa proteins induce uptake of shigellae by the colonic enterocytes. The virulence plasmid also encodes an intercellular spread protein (IcsA) that recruits mammalian cytoskeletal elements (primarily actin) to the bacterial surface. This actin is organized into a cytoplasmic motor that facilitates spread of shigellae to adjacent enterocytes. See Escherichia In otherwise healthy individuals, bacillary dysentery is typically a short-term disease lasting less than a week. The symptoms can be truncated by appropriate antibiotic therapy (such as oral ampicillin or cyprofloxacin) that rapidly eliminates shigellae from the intestinal lumen and tissues. When S. dysenteriae 1 is the etiologic agent, however, hemolytic uremic syndrome can be manifested as a serious consequence of disease. This species produces a cytotoxin (Shiga toxin or Stx) that is functionally identical to the toxin of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (for example, O157:H7). Stx inhibits protein synthesis, damaging endothelial cells of the intestinal capillary bed; the toxin may also damage renal tubules, causing acute renal failure with chronic sequela in up to one-third of hemolytic uremic syndrome patients. See Medical bacteriology bacillary dysentery[′bas·ə‚ler·ē ′dis·ən‚ter·ē]bacillary dysenterybacillary[bas´ĭ-lar″e]The disease is spread through the feces of carriers who have the bacteria in their intestines; such individuals may have diarrhea or dysentery or may seem perfectly well in spite of carrying the disease. Infection may come after eating or drinking from anything contaminated with bacteria from the feces of these carriers. Even touching something contaminated and then touching the mouth can cause infection. Flies also spread the disease. Attacks of bacillary dysentery are always acute after the incubation period of a few days. Temperature may rise as high as 40°C (104°F), sometimes with symptoms of dehydration, shock, and delirium. Bowel movements may be as many as 30 to 40 a day. Running its normal course, without special medicines, it is usually over within a few weeks from its outset, although an attack in a child may be more serious and last longer. Ampicillin is the drug of choice for sensitive strains of Shigella in the United States and is usually effective in relieving the symptoms and controlling bacillary dysentery in a day or two. The greatest threat of dysentery is from volume" >deficient fluid volume and electrolyte imbalance, which must be corrected by the intravenous administration of fluids and electrolytes lost in the watery stools. Although the usual dysenteric illness may last a few weeks if not treated with special medicines, symptoms of intestinal ulceration, diarrhea, and painful spasms in evacuating may in a few cases continue for a longer time. dysentery[dis´en-ter″e]In dysentery, there is an unusually fluid discharge of stool from the bowels, as well as fever, stomach cramps, and spasms of involuntary straining to evacuate, with the passage of little feces. The stool is often mixed with pus and mucus and may be streaked with blood. bac·il·la·ry dys·en·ter·ybac·il·la·ry dys·en·ter·y(bas'i-lar-ē dis'ĕn-ter'ē)bacillary dysenteryAn acute infection of the bowel, mainly caused by the organism Shigella sonnei , and, in severe cases, featuring diarrhoea, colicky abdominal pain, fever, blood and pus in the stools and dehydration. Many cases are mild.bac·il·la·ry dys·en·ter·y(bas'i-lar-ē dis'ĕn-ter'ē)bacillary dysentery
Synonyms for bacillary dysentery
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