| 单词 | aminophylline | |||
| 释义 | aminophyllineenUKam·i·noph·yl·lineA0256333 (ăm′ə-nŏf′ə-lĭn)aminophylline(æmɪˈnɒfɪliːn)a•mi•no•phyl•line(əˌmi noʊˈfɪl aɪn, -in, ˌæm ə noʊ-)n.
aminophyllineenUKaminophylline[am″ĭ-no-fil´in]aminophylline (theophylline, ethylenediamine)Pharmacologic class: Xanthine Therapeutic class: Bronchodilator Pregnancy risk category C ActionUnclear. Thought to directly relax smooth muscle of bronchial airways and increase pulmonary blood flow by inhibiting phosphodiesterase. AvailabilityInjection: 250 mg/10 ml Oral liquid: 105 mg/5 ml Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg Indications and dosages➣ Symptomatic relief of bronchospasm in patients with acute symptoms who require rapid theophyllinization Adults (nonsmokers): 0.7 mg/kg/hour I.V. for first 12 hours. Maintenance dosage is 0.5 mg/kg/hour I.V. Children ages 9 to 16: 1 mg/kg/hour I.V. for first 12 hours. Maintenance dosage is 0.8 mg/kg/hour I.V. Children ages 6 months to 9 years: 1.2 mg/kg/hour I.V. for first 12 hours. Maintenance dosage is 1 mg/kg/hour I.V. ➣ Chronic bronchial asthma Adults and children: Dosage is highly individualized. Common initial dosage is 16 mg/kg/24 hours I.V. or 400 mg/24 hours I.V. in divided doses at 6- or 8hour intervals. If needed, dosage may be increased 25% at 3-day intervals. Dosage adjustment• Heart failure • Hepatic disease • Elderly patients • Smokers Off-label uses• Dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to xanthine compounds or ethylenediamine • Seizure disorders PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • COPD, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, renal or hepatic disease, heart failure or other cardiac or circulatory impairment, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcer, severe hypoxemia • active peptic ulcer disease • elderly patients • neonates, infants, and young children. Administration• For I.V. use, dilute according to label directions and infuse at a rate no faster than 25 mg/minute. • Don't give in I.V. solutions containing invert sugar, fructose, or fat emulsions. • Give oral form at meals with 8 oz of water.  Adverse reactionsCNS: irritability, dizziness, nervousness, restlessness, headache, insomnia, stammering speech, abnormal behavior, mutism, unresponsiveness alternating with hyperactivity, seizures CV: palpitations, sinus tachycardia, extrasystoles, marked hypotension, arrhythmias, circulatory failure GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, hematemesis, gastroesophageal reflux, anorexia GU: urine retention (in men with enlarged prostate), diuresis, increased excretion of renal tubular cells and red blood cells, proteinuria Metabolic: hyperglycemia Musculoskeletal: muscle twitching Respiratory: tachypnea, respiratory arrest Skin: flushing Other: fever, hypersensitivity reactions (including exfoliative dermatitis and urticaria) InteractionsDrug-drug. Adenosine: decreased antiarrhythmic effect of adenosine Barbiturates, nicotine, phenytoin, rifampin: decreased aminophylline blood level Beta-adrenergic blockers: antagonism of aminophylline effects Calcium channel blockers, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, disulfiram, erythromycin, hormonal contraceptives, influenza vaccine, interferon, methotrexate: elevated aminophylline blood level Carbamazepine, isoniazid, loop diuretics (such as furosemide): increased or decreased aminophylline blood level Ephedrine, other sympathomimetics: toxicity, arrhythmias Lithium: increased lithium excretion Drug-diagnostic tests. Aspartate aminotransferase, glucose: increased levels Drug-herbs. Cayenne: increased risk of aminophylline toxicity Drug-behaviors. Smoking: increased aminophylline elimination Patient monitoringSee Monitor aminophylline blood level. Adjust dosage if patient has signs or symptoms of toxicity (tachycardia, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, and irritability). • Assess for arrhythmias, especially after giving loading dose. • Check vital signs and fluid intake and output. • Monitor patient's response to drug, and assess pulmonary function test results. Patient teaching• Advise patient to take oral doses at meals with 8 oz of water. • Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness. • Tell patient to minimize GI upset by eating small, frequent servings of food and drinking plenty of fluids. • Advise patient to establish effective bedtime routine to minimize insomnia. • Caution patient not to change aminophylline brands. • If patient smokes, tell him to notify prescriber if he stops smoking; dosage may need to be adjusted. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above. a·mi·no·phyl·line(ă-me-nō'fil'in),aminophylline(ăm′ə-nŏf′ə-lĭn)aminophyllineTherapeutics The ethylenediamine salt of theophylline, administered IV to Pts with acute asthma Sx Mechanism Inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase Action Relaxes upper airway and pulmonary vessel smooth muscle, resulting in broncho- and vasodilation; it is also diuretic, coronary vasodilator, cardiac and cerebral stimulant Adverse effects GI irritation–anorexia, N&V, epigastric pain, restlessness, insominia, headache Contraindications Peptic ulcers, seizures, hypersensitivity to ethylenediamine. See Theophylline.aminophyllineA THEOPHYLLINE drug in combination with ethylenediamine used in the control of ASTHMA. In acute cases it can be given by intravenous injection but it is also effective by mouth or in a SUPPOSITORY. The drug is on the WHO official list. Brand names are Pecram and Phyllocontin.aminophyllineenUK
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