Chromosome Puff

chromosome puff

[′krō·mə‚sōm ‚pəf] (cell and molecular biology) Chromatic material accumulating at a restricted site on a chromosome; thought to reflect functional activity of the gene at that site during differentiation.

Chromosome Puff

in cytogenetics, a swelling that is found on polytene chromosomes; an aggregate of puffs corresponds to a set of active, or functioning, cellular genes at a given stage of the cell’s differentiation.

The development of chromosome puffs is related to the despiralization of chromonemata, or the threads that are the structural units of chromosomes. In most cases, puffs are formed within a single disk, although there are complex puffs that include 4 to 20 disks. Large puffs with complex structures are called Balbiani rings.

The formation of chromosome puffs has been studied in detail in representatives of dipteran insects, for example, in Tendipedidae and Drosophila. At various stages of larval development in these insects, there is a regular shift in the location of puffs on the same chromosomes. This is evidence that separate areas of a chromosome function relatively independently.

It has been shown that the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) occurs in puffs, as does the intensified synthesis of proteins and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). The study of the dynamics of puff formation makes it possible to understand how a chromosome set, which is theoretically similar in all body cells, participates in the differentiation of various cell systems. Chromosome puff formation is mainly controlled genetically, although other factors are also involved, including those that are physiological. The development of new puffs as a result of mutations or under the influence of such factors as hormones and temperature has created broad possibilities for experimenters to direct the development and differentiation of multicellular organisms.

A phenomenon similar to puffs is observed in lampbrush chromosomes, which were discovered during the formation of egg cells in birds, fishes, reptiles, and amphibians. Certain areas of this type of chromosome are strongly despiralized and form loops with an increased functional activity (synthesis of RNA and protein).

M. M. ASLANIAN

单词	chromosome puff
释义	DictionarySeepuff Chromosome Puff chromosome puff [′krō·mə‚sōm ‚pəf] (cell and molecular biology) Chromatic material accumulating at a restricted site on a chromosome; thought to reflect functional activity of the gene at that site during differentiation. Chromosome Puff in cytogenetics, a swelling that is found on polytene chromosomes; an aggregate of puffs corresponds to a set of active, or functioning, cellular genes at a given stage of the cell’s differentiation. The development of chromosome puffs is related to the despiralization of chromonemata, or the threads that are the structural units of chromosomes. In most cases, puffs are formed within a single disk, although there are complex puffs that include 4 to 20 disks. Large puffs with complex structures are called Balbiani rings. The formation of chromosome puffs has been studied in detail in representatives of dipteran insects, for example, in Tendipedidae and Drosophila. At various stages of larval development in these insects, there is a regular shift in the location of puffs on the same chromosomes. This is evidence that separate areas of a chromosome function relatively independently. It has been shown that the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) occurs in puffs, as does the intensified synthesis of proteins and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). The study of the dynamics of puff formation makes it possible to understand how a chromosome set, which is theoretically similar in all body cells, participates in the differentiation of various cell systems. Chromosome puff formation is mainly controlled genetically, although other factors are also involved, including those that are physiological. The development of new puffs as a result of mutations or under the influence of such factors as hormones and temperature has created broad possibilities for experimenters to direct the development and differentiation of multicellular organisms. A phenomenon similar to puffs is observed in lampbrush chromosomes, which were discovered during the formation of egg cells in birds, fishes, reptiles, and amphibians. Certain areas of this type of chromosome are strongly despiralized and form loops with an increased functional activity (synthesis of RNA and protein). M. M. ASLANIAN chromosome puff chromosome puff A localised separation of polytene chromosomes (e.g., chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster) that represents a site of active RNA synthesis—i.e., transcription—which, when very large, is known as a Balbiani ring. chromosome puff or puff a cloudy area visible on specific CHROMOMERES of GLAND" >SALIVERY gland CHROMOSOMES at certain times. Chromosome puffs contain DNA and RNA and are thought to represent gene TRANSCRIPTION. This idea is reinforced by the fact that such puffs occur at regular intervals, suggesting that GENE SWITCHING is in operation.
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