Carl Andre


Andre, Carl

(än`drā), 1935–, American sculptor, b. Quincy, Mass. A student of Patrick Morgan and associate of Frank StellaStella, Frank,
1936–, American artist, b. Malden, Mass. In his early "black paintings" Stella exhibits the precision and rationality that characterized minimalism, employing parallel angular stripes to emphasize the rectangular shape of his large canvases.
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, Andre produces sculptures of elemental form and abstract monumentality. His works and materials—granite blocks and other cut or natural stone, bricks, raw wooden timbers, steel plates, and repeating geometric shapes of various other metals—reflect the quarries, shipyards, and islands of his birthplace and his years spent as a freight-train brakeman. One of the founders of minimalismminimalism,
schools of contemporary art and music, with their origins in the 1960s, that have emphasized simplicity and objectivity. Minimalism in the Visual Arts
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) in sculpture, he is famous for his grid-based floor pieces and for his large outdoor works. A typical early work is Lever (1966), in which fire bricks were arranged to extend laterally 400 feet (122 m) from a gallery wall. A representative late outdoor piece is the gravel and steel Chinati Thirteener (2010), one of the minimalist installations at Marfa, Tex. Andre is also known for his "concrete poetry." In 1988 he was acquitted of pushing his wife, land artland art
or earthworks,
art form developed in the late 1960s and early 70s by Robert Smithson, Robert Morris, Michael Heizer, and others, in which the artist employs the elements of nature in situ or rearranges the landscape with earthmoving equipment.
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 sculptor Ana Mendiata, to her death from their 34th-floor apartment.

Bibliography

See his 12 Dialogs (1980); study by A. Rider (2011).

André, Carl

(1935– ) sculptor; born in Quincy, Mass. He attended Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. (1951–53), moved to New York City (1957), and worked as a brakeman and conductor for the Pennsylvania Railroad (1960–64). He became known for his modular sculptures, such as Pyramids series (mid-1960s), and his scattered plastic works such as Spill (1968).