chronic renal failure

A spectrum of severe renal diseases ranging from non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease in patients don’t require renal replacement therapy (i.e., dialysis or renal transplant), to those with end-stage kidney disease who do.
Aetiology
Diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis.
Clinical findings, external
Dehydration, oedema, anaemia, sallow colour, pruritis, brown discolouration of nails, bruising (abnormal platelets); other findings may include cutaneous vasculitic lesions, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, spina bifida or other causes of neurogenic bladder.
Clinical findings, internal
Hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary oedema, pleural effusions, pericardial effusion, GI bleeding due to peptic ulceration, gastritis/oesophagitis/colitis, acute pancreatitis.
Cause of death, chronic renal failure
Uraemia:
• Convulsions;
• Coma;
• Cardiac myocyte dysfunction;
• Congestive heart failure;
• Pericarditis;
• Pericardial effusion;
• Arrhythmias;
• Tamponade;
• Left ventricular hypertrophy;
• Coronary artery disease.
Tumours:
• Renal cell carcinoma;
• Lymphomas;
• Hepatocellular carcinoma;
• Thyroid carcinoma.

chronic renal failure

Chronic kidney failure Nephrology A slow decline in renal function, which may be 2º to chronic HTN, DM, CHF, SLE, or sickle cell anemia and, if extreme, leads to ESRD, mandating kidney dialysis; an abrupt decline in renal function may be triggered by acute intercurrent processes–eg, sepsis, shock, trauma, kidney stones, kidney infection, drugs–aspirin or lithium, toxins, abuse substances, or injection of iodinated radiocontrast Lab Fluid retention, uremia Management Low-protein diet to conserve renal function; transplantation if ESRD

chronic renal failure

chronic renal failure