carmustine

[kahr-mus´tēn] a cytotoxic alkylating agent of the nitrosourea group, used as an antineoplastic agent, primarily against brain tumors, multiple myeloma, colorectal carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Called also BCNU.

carmustine

Gliadel Wafer

Pharmacologic class: Alkylating agent

Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic

Pregnancy risk category D

FDA Box Warning

• Give under supervision of physician experienced in cancer chemotherapy.

• Most common and severe toxic effect is bone marrow suppression-notably thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, which may contribute to bleeding and overwhelming infections in already compromised patient. Monitor blood counts weekly for at least 6 weeks after dose. Don't give courses more often than every 6 weeks.

Action

Unclear. Thought to interfere with bacterial cell-wall synthesis by cross-linking strands of DNA and disrupting RNA transcription, causing cell to rupture and die. Exhibits minimal immunosuppressant activity.

Availability

Intracavitary wafer implant: 7.7 mg (available in packages of eight wafers)

Powder for injection: 100-mg vials

Indications and dosages

➣ Brain tumor; multiple myeloma; Hodgkin's disease; other lymphomas

Adults and children: 150 to 200 mg/m² I.V. as a single dose q 6 to 8 weeks, or 75 to 100 mg/m²/day for 2 days q 6 weeks, or 40 mg/m²/day for 5 days q 6 weeks. Repeat dose q 6 weeks if platelet count exceeds 100,000/mm³ and white blood cell (WBC) count exceeds 4,000/mm³.

➣ Adjunct to brain surgery

Adults: Up to 61.6 mg (eight wafers) implanted in surgical cavity created during brain tumor resection

Dosage adjustment

• Based on WBC and platelet counts

Off-label uses

• Mycosis fungoides

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug

• Radiation therapy

• Chemotherapy

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• infection; depressed bone marrow reserve; respiratory, hepatic, or renal impairment

• females of childbearing age.

Administration

• Know that drug may be used alone or in conjunction with other treatments, such as surgery or radiation.

• Follow facility policy when preparing, administering, and handling drug.

• Reconstitute drug by dissolving vial of 100 mg with 3 ml of sterile dehydrated alcohol (provided with drug), followed by 27 ml of sterile water for injection; yields solution with concentration of 3.3 mg carmustine/ml. Solution may be further diluted with 5% dextrose injection and delivered by I.V. infusion over 1 to 2 hours.

• Know that infusion lasting less than 1 hour causes intense pain and burning at I.V. site.

• Infuse solution in glass containers only; drug is unstable in plastic I.V. bags.

• Know that skin contact with reconstituted drug may cause transient hyperpigmentation. If contact occurs, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.

• Be aware that oxidized regenerated cellulose may be placed over wafers to secure them against surgical cavity surface.

• Know that resection cavity should be irrigated after wafer placement and that dura should be closed in watertight fashion.

Adverse reactions

CNS: ataxia, drowsiness

GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, esophagitis, stomatitis, anorexia

GU: azotemia, renal failure, nephrotoxicity

Hematologic: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, cumulative bone marrow depression, bone marrow dysplasia

Hepatic: hepatotoxicity

Respiratory: pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary infiltrates

Skin: alopecia, hyperpigmentation, facial flushing, abnormal bruising

Other: I.V. site pain, secondary malignancies

Interactions

Drug-drug. Anticoagulants, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: increased risk of bleeding

Antineoplastics: additive bone marrow depression

Cimetidine: potentiation of bone marrow depression

Digoxin, phenytoin: decreased blood levels of these drugs

Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccines, increased risk of adverse reactions

Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, nitrogenous compounds (urea): increased levels

Hemoglobin, WBCs: decreased values

Drug-behaviors. Smoking: increased risk of respiratory toxicity

Patient monitoring

• Assess baseline kidney and liver function tests.

• Monitor CBC for up to 6 weeks after giving dose to detect delayed bone marrow toxicity.

• Know that pulmonary function tests should be performed before therapy begins and regularly throughout therapy to assess for toxicity.

Patient teaching

• Instruct patient to report signs and symptoms of allergic response and other adverse reactions.

• Inform patient that severe flushing may follow I.V. dose but should subside in 2 to 4 hours.

• Tell patient to avoid activities that can cause injury. Advise him to use soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid gum and skin injury.

• Advise patient to minimize GI upset by eating small, frequent servings of food and drinking plenty of fluids.

• Instruct patient to monitor urinary output and report significant changes.

• Inform patient that drug may cause hair loss.

• Advise patient that he'll undergo regular blood testing during therapy.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and behaviors mentioned above.

car·mus·tine

(kar-mŭs'tēn), An antineoplastic agent. Synonym(s): BCNU

carmustine

(kär′mŭs-tēn′)n. An antineoplastic drug, C₅H₉Cl₂N₃O₂, used to treat various malignancies, including Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, melanoma, multiple myeloma, and brain tumors.

BCNU

A chemotherapeutic related to lomustine (CCNU) and semustine, which partially overlaps the activity/toxicity of alkylating agents.

Indications
Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma, brain tumours, gastrointestinal carcinomas; BCNU crosses the blood-brain barrier and may be used for meningeal leukaemia and brain tumours.

Side effects
Nausea, vomiting, decreased platelets, reduced WBCs, secondary leukaemia, pulmonary fibrosis, renal failure.

carmustine

BCNU Oncology An anticancer alkylating nitrosourea

car·mus·tine

(kahr-mŭs'tēn) An antineoplastic agent.
Synonym(s): BCNU.

carmustine

An alkylating agent anticancer drug. A brand name is Bicnu.

car·mus·tine

(kahr-mŭs'tēn) An antineoplastic agent.

单词	carmustine
释义	carmustine car·mus·tine C5120900 (kär′mŭs-tēn′)n. An antineoplastic drug, C₅H₉Cl₂N₃O₂, used to treat various malignancies, including Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, melanoma, multiple myeloma, and brain tumors. [Probably car(bamoylation), transfer of a carbamoyl group to an amino acid (the drug's method of inhibiting certain enzymes) + mustine, an anticancer drug (must(ard) + -ine).] EncyclopediaSeeBCNU carmustine carmustine [kahr-mus´tēn] a cytotoxic alkylating agent of the nitrosourea group, used as an antineoplastic agent, primarily against brain tumors, multiple myeloma, colorectal carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Called also BCNU. carmustine Gliadel Wafer *Pharmacologic class: Alkylating agent Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic Pregnancy risk category D* FDA Box Warning • Give under supervision of physician experienced in cancer chemotherapy. • Most common and severe toxic effect is bone marrow suppression-notably thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, which may contribute to bleeding and overwhelming infections in already compromised patient. Monitor blood counts weekly for at least 6 weeks after dose. Don't give courses more often than every 6 weeks. Action Unclear. Thought to interfere with bacterial cell-wall synthesis by cross-linking strands of DNA and disrupting RNA transcription, causing cell to rupture and die. Exhibits minimal immunosuppressant activity. Availability Intracavitary wafer implant: 7.7 mg (available in packages of eight wafers) Powder for injection: 100-mg vials Indications and dosages ➣ Brain tumor; multiple myeloma; Hodgkin's disease; other lymphomas Adults and children: 150 to 200 mg/m² I.V. as a single dose q 6 to 8 weeks, or 75 to 100 mg/m²/day for 2 days q 6 weeks, or 40 mg/m²/day for 5 days q 6 weeks. Repeat dose q 6 weeks if platelet count exceeds 100,000/mm³ and white blood cell (WBC) count exceeds 4,000/mm³. ➣ Adjunct to brain surgery Adults: Up to 61.6 mg (eight wafers) implanted in surgical cavity created during brain tumor resection Dosage adjustment • Based on WBC and platelet counts Off-label uses • Mycosis fungoides Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug • Radiation therapy • Chemotherapy • Pregnancy or breastfeeding Precautions Use cautiously in: • infection; depressed bone marrow reserve; respiratory, hepatic, or renal impairment • females of childbearing age. Administration • Know that drug may be used alone or in conjunction with other treatments, such as surgery or radiation. • Follow facility policy when preparing, administering, and handling drug. • Reconstitute drug by dissolving vial of 100 mg with 3 ml of sterile dehydrated alcohol (provided with drug), followed by 27 ml of sterile water for injection; yields solution with concentration of 3.3 mg carmustine/ml. Solution may be further diluted with 5% dextrose injection and delivered by I.V. infusion over 1 to 2 hours. • Know that infusion lasting less than 1 hour causes intense pain and burning at I.V. site. • Infuse solution in glass containers only; drug is unstable in plastic I.V. bags. • Know that skin contact with reconstituted drug may cause transient hyperpigmentation. If contact occurs, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. • Be aware that oxidized regenerated cellulose may be placed over wafers to secure them against surgical cavity surface. • Know that resection cavity should be irrigated after wafer placement and that dura should be closed in watertight fashion. Adverse reactions CNS: ataxia, drowsiness GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, esophagitis, stomatitis, anorexia GU: azotemia, renal failure, nephrotoxicity Hematologic: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, cumulative bone marrow depression, bone marrow dysplasia Hepatic: hepatotoxicity Respiratory: pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary infiltrates Skin: alopecia, hyperpigmentation, facial flushing, abnormal bruising Other: I.V. site pain, secondary malignancies Interactions Drug-drug. Anticoagulants, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: increased risk of bleeding Antineoplastics: additive bone marrow depression Cimetidine: potentiation of bone marrow depression Digoxin, phenytoin: decreased blood levels of these drugs Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccines, increased risk of adverse reactions Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, nitrogenous compounds (urea): increased levels Hemoglobin, WBCs: decreased values Drug-behaviors. Smoking: increased risk of respiratory toxicity Patient monitoring • Assess baseline kidney and liver function tests. • Monitor CBC for up to 6 weeks after giving dose to detect delayed bone marrow toxicity. • Know that pulmonary function tests should be performed before therapy begins and regularly throughout therapy to assess for toxicity. Patient teaching • Instruct patient to report signs and symptoms of allergic response and other adverse reactions. • Inform patient that severe flushing may follow I.V. dose but should subside in 2 to 4 hours. • Tell patient to avoid activities that can cause injury. Advise him to use soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid gum and skin injury. • Advise patient to minimize GI upset by eating small, frequent servings of food and drinking plenty of fluids. • Instruct patient to monitor urinary output and report significant changes. • Inform patient that drug may cause hair loss. • Advise patient that he'll undergo regular blood testing during therapy. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and behaviors mentioned above. car·mus·tine (kar-mŭs'tēn), An antineoplastic agent. Synonym(s): BCNU carmustine (kär′mŭs-tēn′)n. An antineoplastic drug, C₅H₉Cl₂N₃O₂, used to treat various malignancies, including Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, melanoma, multiple myeloma, and brain tumors. BCNU A chemotherapeutic related to lomustine (CCNU) and semustine, which partially overlaps the activity/toxicity of alkylating agents. Indications Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma, brain tumours, gastrointestinal carcinomas; BCNU crosses the blood-brain barrier and may be used for meningeal leukaemia and brain tumours. Side effects Nausea, vomiting, decreased platelets, reduced WBCs, secondary leukaemia, pulmonary fibrosis, renal failure. carmustine BCNU Oncology An anticancer alkylating nitrosourea car·mus·tine (kahr-mŭs'tēn) An antineoplastic agent. Synonym(s): BCNU. carmustine An alkylating agent anticancer drug. A brand name is Bicnu. car·mus·tine (kahr-mŭs'tēn) An antineoplastic agent.
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