Cartesianism

a school in philosophy and natural science during the 17th and 18th centuries whose theoretical source was the ideas of the French philosopher R. Descartes (whose Latin name is Cartesius—hence the term).

Cartesianism is characterized by a consistent dualism—an extremely sharp division of the world into two independent substances—extended substance (res extensa) and the thinking substance (res cogitans). However, the problem of their mutual interaction within a thinking being remained fundamentally unresolved. Also characteristic of Cartesianism was the development of a rationalistic mathematical (geometrical) method. The self-evidence of consciousness (Descartes’ “I think, therefore I am”), as well as the theory of innate ideas, forms the starting point for Cartesian epistemology. Cartesian physics, in contrast to that of Newton, considered everything extended to be corporeal, thus rejecting the idea of empty space; it described motion with the aid of the concept “vortex.” Cartesian physics subsequently found its expression in the theory of short-range action. The development of Cartesianism was marked by two opposing trends, one toward materialistic monism, as in H. de Roi (Regius) and B. Spinoza, and the other toward occasionalism, as in A. Geulincx and N. de Malebranche.

REFERENCES

Bykhovskii, B. Filosofiia Dekarta. Moscow-Leningrad, 1940. Chapter 10.
Istoriia filosofii, vol. 1. Moscow, 1957. Pages 382–408.
Liozzi, M. Istoriia fiziki. Moscow, 1970. (Translated from Italian.)
Brockdorff, C. Descartes und die Fortbildung der kartesianischen Lehre. Munich, 1923.
Mouy, P. Le Développement de la physique cartésienne (1646–1712). Paris, 1934.
Dibon, P. Sur VHistoire de la philosophie cartésienne. Groningue, 1955.

L. A. LIAKHOVETSKII

单词	cartesianism
释义	Cartesianism Car·te·sian C0131800 (kär-tē′zhən)adj. Of or relating to the philosophy or methods of Descartes. [French cartésien (from René Descartes) and New Latin Cartesiānus (from Cartesius, Latin form of Descartes).] Car·te′sian·ism n. Cartesianism the philosophy of René Descartes and his followers, especially its emphasis on logical analysis, its mechanistic interpretation of physical nature, and its dualistic distinction between thought (mind) and extension (matter). — Cartesian, n., adj.See also: Philosophy cartesianism The philosophy of Descartes and his supporters which emphasized a radical division between matter and mind. Cartesianism Cartesianism a school in philosophy and natural science during the 17th and 18th centuries whose theoretical source was the ideas of the French philosopher R. Descartes (whose Latin name is Cartesius—hence the term). Cartesianism is characterized by a consistent dualism—an extremely sharp division of the world into two independent substances—extended substance (res extensa) and the thinking substance (res cogitans). However, the problem of their mutual interaction within a thinking being remained fundamentally unresolved. Also characteristic of Cartesianism was the development of a rationalistic mathematical (geometrical) method. The self-evidence of consciousness (Descartes’ “I think, therefore I am”), as well as the theory of innate ideas, forms the starting point for Cartesian epistemology. Cartesian physics, in contrast to that of Newton, considered everything extended to be corporeal, thus rejecting the idea of empty space; it described motion with the aid of the concept “vortex.” Cartesian physics subsequently found its expression in the theory of short-range action. The development of Cartesianism was marked by two opposing trends, one toward materialistic monism, as in H. de Roi (Regius) and B. Spinoza, and the other toward occasionalism, as in A. Geulincx and N. de Malebranche. REFERENCES Bykhovskii, B. Filosofiia Dekarta. Moscow-Leningrad, 1940. Chapter 10. Istoriia filosofii, vol. 1. Moscow, 1957. Pages 382–408. Liozzi, M. Istoriia fiziki. Moscow, 1970. (Translated from Italian.) Brockdorff, C. Descartes und die Fortbildung der kartesianischen Lehre. Munich, 1923. Mouy, P. Le Développement de la physique cartésienne (1646–1712). Paris, 1934. Dibon, P. Sur VHistoire de la philosophie cartésienne. Groningue, 1955. L. A. LIAKHOVETSKII MedicalSeecartesianThesaurusSeeCartesian
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Cartesianism

Car·te·sian

Cartesianism

cartesianism

Cartesianism

Cartesianism

REFERENCES