| 释义 |
boycott
boy·cott B0435000 (boi′kŏt′)tr.v. boy·cott·ed, boy·cott·ing, boy·cotts To abstain from or act together in abstaining from using, buying, dealing with, or participating in as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion: boycott a business; boycott merchants; boycott buses; boycott an election.n. The act or an instance of boycotting.
[After Charles C. Boycott (1832-1897), English land agent in Ireland.]
boy′cott′er n.Word History: An Englishman and former British soldier, Charles C. Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland. The earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland. Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform. Any landlord who would not charge lower rents or any tenant who took over the farm of an evicted tenant would be given the complete cold shoulder by Parnell's supporters. Boycott refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants. At this point members of Parnell's Irish Land League stepped in, and Boycott and his family found themselves isolated—without servants, farmhands, service in stores, or mail delivery. Boycott's name was quickly adopted as the term for this treatment, not just in English but in other languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Russian.boycott (ˈbɔɪkɒt) vb (tr) to refuse to have dealings with (a person, organization, etc) or refuse to buy (a product) as a protest or means of coercion: to boycott foreign produce. nan instance or the use of boycotting[C19: after Captain C. C. Boycott (1832–97), Irish land agent for the Earl of Erne, County Mayo, Ireland, who was a victim of such practices for refusing to reduce rents]
Boycott (ˈbɔɪkɒt) n (Biography) Geoff(rey). born 1940, English cricketer: played for Yorkshire (1962–86); played in 108 test matches (1964–82); first England batsman to score 8,000 test runs boy•cott (ˈbɔɪ kɒt)
v.t. 1. to join together in abstaining from, or preventing dealings with, as a means of protest or coercion: to boycott a store. 2. to abstain from buying or using: to boycott imported goods. n. 3. the practice of boycotting. 4. an instance of boycotting. [after Charles C. Boycott (1832–97), against whom nonviolent coercive tactics were used in 1880] boy′cott•er, n. boycott, embargo - A boycott is an organized popular protest, named for Captain Charles C. Boycott (1832-97), a land agent in Ireland to whom this was done in 1880; an embargo is usually imposed by a government.See also related terms for imposed.boycott
Past participle: boycotted
Gerund: boycotting
| Present |
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| I boycott | | you boycott | | he/she/it boycotts | | we boycott | | you boycott | | they boycott |
| Preterite |
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| I boycotted | | you boycotted | | he/she/it boycotted | | we boycotted | | you boycotted | | they boycotted |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am boycotting | | you are boycotting | | he/she/it is boycotting | | we are boycotting | | you are boycotting | | they are boycotting |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have boycotted | | you have boycotted | | he/she/it has boycotted | | we have boycotted | | you have boycotted | | they have boycotted |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was boycotting | | you were boycotting | | he/she/it was boycotting | | we were boycotting | | you were boycotting | | they were boycotting |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had boycotted | | you had boycotted | | he/she/it had boycotted | | we had boycotted | | you had boycotted | | they had boycotted |
| Future |
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| I will boycott | | you will boycott | | he/she/it will boycott | | we will boycott | | you will boycott | | they will boycott |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have boycotted | | you will have boycotted | | he/she/it will have boycotted | | we will have boycotted | | you will have boycotted | | they will have boycotted |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be boycotting | | you will be boycotting | | he/she/it will be boycotting | | we will be boycotting | | you will be boycotting | | they will be boycotting |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been boycotting | | you have been boycotting | | he/she/it has been boycotting | | we have been boycotting | | you have been boycotting | | they have been boycotting |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been boycotting | | you will have been boycotting | | he/she/it will have been boycotting | | we will have been boycotting | | you will have been boycotting | | they will have been boycotting |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been boycotting | | you had been boycotting | | he/she/it had been boycotting | | we had been boycotting | | you had been boycotting | | they had been boycotting |
| Conditional |
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| I would boycott | | you would boycott | | he/she/it would boycott | | we would boycott | | you would boycott | | they would boycott |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have boycotted | | you would have boycotted | | he/she/it would have boycotted | | we would have boycotted | | you would have boycotted | | they would have boycotted |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | boycott - a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policiesprotest, dissent, objection - the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent | | Verb | 1. | boycott - refuse to sponsor; refuse to do business withostracise, ostracize - avoid speaking to or dealing with; "Ever since I spoke up, my colleagues ostracize me"buy at, frequent, patronise, shop at, patronize, shop, sponsor - do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client ofbuy at, frequent, patronise, shop at, patronize, shop, sponsor - do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of |
boycottverb1. embargo, reject, snub, refrain from, stay away from, spurn, steer clear of, blacklist, black, cold-shoulder, ostracize, refuse to take part in, turn your back on, blackball The main opposition parties are boycotting the elections.
back, support, accept, champion, welcome, promote, advocate, espouse, patronizenoun1. embargo the lifting of the economic boycottboycottverbTo exclude from normal social or professional activities:blackball, blacklist, ostracize, shut out.Translationsboycott (ˈboikot) verb to refuse to have any dealings with (a firm, country etc). 杯葛 拒绝来往 noun a refusal to deal with a firm etc. 杯葛 抵制Boycott
boycott, concerted economic or social ostracism of an individual, group, or nation to express disapproval or coerce change. The practice was named (1880) after Capt. Charles Cunningham Boycott, an English land agent in Ireland whose ruthlessness in evicting tenants led his employees to refuse all cooperation with him and his family. In the United States the boycott has been used chiefly in labor disputes; consumer and business groups have also resorted to the method. Boycotts may be either primary or secondary. A typical example of a primary boycott is the refusal of aggrieved employees and their supporters to purchase the goods or services of an employer. A secondary boycott occurs when the aggrieved party attempts either to boycott a third party or to coerce it into joining an ongoing boycott. Thus, workers instituting a boycott may refuse to patronize firms that continue to deal with the initially boycotted party. Similarly, a secondary boycott would occur if workers struck an employer in order to force him to join the boycott of another firm. In the United States, such secondary actions are prohibited by both the Taft-Hartley Act (1947) and the Landrum-Griffin Act (1959), although little has been done to enforce the ban. Beginning in the late 1960s, the United Farm Workers union employed a series of boycotts in an attempt to gain recognition as the sole bargaining agent for grape and lettuce fieldworkers. The boycott has been used as a weapon in political and racial conflicts. Outstanding examples are the refusal of American colonials to buy British goods after the passage of the Stamp Act (1765), the Chinese boycott of U.S. goods (1905) because of the poor treatment of Chinese in America, the refusal of Gandhi's followers to buy British-made goods in India, and the Arab League boycott (1948) of all companies dealing with the state of Israel. The legal status of the boycott differs with various governments. Bibliography See H. W. Laidler, Boycotts and the Labor Struggle (1914, repr. 1968). Boycott from the name of the estate manager C. C. Boycott, against whom this tactic was first used by Irish tenant farmers in 1880 because of his harsh treatment of them. (1) In international law, the refusal of a state to establish or maintain trade, financial, or other relations with another state or group of states. In the statutes of the League of Nations the boycott figured as a form of sanction. The United Nations Charter foresees the possibility of the use of the boycott as a forcible measure for preserving peace other than the use of armed force, which may be adopted by decision of the Security Council. Article 41 of the Charter states that such measures may include a complete or partial breaking off of economic relations and rail, maritime, air, post, telegraph, or radio communications, as well as the severing of diplomatic relations. The boycott may be a form of reprisal—that is, retaliatory measures against illegal actions on the part of a state. The USSR has used the boycott in response to actions by reactionary governments of capitalist countries. A boycott by the Soviet Union has taken the form of a break in all relations, cessation of purchases of goods from the respective countries, and refusal to participate in conferences called on the territory of the boycotted state. Thus, in 1923 the USSR declared a boycott of Switzerland after the assassination of the Soviet diplomat V. V. Vorovskii and the acquittal of the murderer by a Swiss court. (The boycott was lifted in 1927 after the Swiss government expressed regret at what had happened and a willingness to make material compensation to the family of the murdered man.) A. I. IORISH (2) A more widely used form of boycott than the boycott in international law is the economic boycott. One of the first examples of the economic boycott was the boycott of goods imported from England by British colonists in North America in the mid-18th century. A spontaneous boycott of British goods began in India in 1905 as a protest against Viceroy Curzon’s action of separating Bengal into two parts. The boycott of British goods was one of the forms of the national liberation struggle against British domination. A boycott may cover all forms of economic relations between states or may be applied only to certain ones. Its character and content depend on what kind of government is involved and for what purposes the boycott is introduced. In the international economic relations of imperialist states the boycott serves as a form of economic struggle and a means of economic pressure on other countries, as well as an instrument for intervention in the internal affairs of countries; this last application of the boycott is in violation of the norms of international law. The imperialist states tried to apply a boycott against the USSR after the collapse of the economic blockade of the Soviet Republic. This boycott in the 1920’s and 1930’s took the form of a campaign against purchases of Soviet timber, petroleum, matches, and certain other products and of the introduction of special prohibitions and limitations on the import of Soviet goods—for example, an embargo on the import of traditional goods exported from the Soviet Union to Great Britain in 1932–33. In its struggle against the policy of economic aggression, the Soviet government introduced a draft protocol of economic nonaggression at the London Economic Conference in 1933. Article 33 of the draft protocol proposed that states signing the protocol desist from the use of discriminatory customs duties, special conditions for import and export imposed only on certain countries, special railroad duties, special fees imposed on commercial vessels, and economic boycotts of any country’s commerce by any government or administrative measures of any kind. After World War II the United States, Canada, several countries of Western Europe, and Japan tried to organize a boycott of the socialist countries by banning the export of goods produced by them to the USSR and other socialist states and by establishing a discriminatory restrictive system on the import of goods from the socialist states. Discriminatory measures covered not only the area of trade but were also extended to navigation and international financing, credit, and accounting relations. After the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 restrictions and prohibitions on trade with the socialist countries were reinforced even more. In 1951 the US government adopted the so-called Battle Act, which established a full-fledged system of restrictions on trade with the socialist countries. The government of the USA published a list of goods, consisting of 217 categories, whose export to the socialist countries was prohibited or restricted. Under pressure from the USA similar lists were introduced by a number of Western European countries, Canada, and Japan. Special lists of commodities were put into effect in relations with the People’s Republic of China, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which in practice prohibited trade of any kind. The bankruptcy of this policy, the economic and political differences between capitalist countries, and the growing contradictions in the world capitalist market forced the imperialist states to start on the road toward normalizing economic relations with the socialist countries. The imperialist states use the boycott as one of the means of applying pressure upon developing countries. From 1951 to 1953 the British government tried to impose a boycott on the purchase of petroleum from Iran after the Iranian government nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. The governments of England and France attempted to organize a boycott against the United Arab Republic after the nationalization of the Suez Canal by the government of that country. In turn, the developing countries have used the boycott as a retaliatory measure against economic expansion; for example, the Arab governments refused to sell petroleum to the imperialist countries during the Israeli aggression (from 1967). Within capitalist countries, the boycott is an important instrument in the competitive struggle of the monopolies, one of the forms “of throttling by the monopolists [of] those who do not submit to them, to their yoke, to their dictation” (V. I. Lenin, Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 27, p. 321). I. I. DIUMULEN (3) In labor relations in the capitalist countries the boycott is one of the means by which the working class conducts an economic struggle against the employers. It consists in the refusal by workers in an organized form to undertake employment with the owner of the firm being boycotted or buy the products of that firm. The boycott can take many forms. One of these is the system of labeling, a system in which special labels are attached on goods to indicate that there is no conflict between the trade union and the employer; the absence of such a label on a product signifies an appeal to the consumer to boycott the product. In a number of capitalist states boycotts organized by the workers are prohibited or restricted in essential ways. For example, in Italy the criminal code (art. 507) provides for punishment for anyone calling for a boycott, with imprisonment for a period of up to three years; this sentence can be increased in a case in which the boycott has taken a massive form, as well as in exceptional circumstances. The law in England and the Federal Republic of Germany prohibits boycotts in cases in which their aim or means of organization is considered illegal. The vagueness of this formula permits many kinds of boycotts to be outlawed. In the United States the boycott is an especially widespread tactic. According to the Taft-Hartley Law and the Landrum-Griffin Act, so-called “secondary” boycotts—that is, boycotts in which the workers require third parties to stop buying goods or supplying raw materials to the employer with whom the workers are engaged in a labor conflict—are prohibited. Similar laws are in effect in the majority of states, and in some states even ordinary boycotts are prohibited. A ruling that a boycott is illegal results, as a rule, in the imposition of penalties on the trade union or the repayment of the employer for losses resulting from the boycott. The employer also has the right to dismiss workers for participating in a boycott. M. V. BAGLAI Boycott Geoff(rey). born 1940, English cricketer: captained Yorkshire (1970--78); played for England (1964--74, 1977--82) Boycott
BoycottA lawful concerted attempt by a group of people to express displeasure with, or obtain concessions from, a particular person or company by refusing to do business with them. An unlawful attempt that is prohibited by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (15 U.S.C.A. § 1 et seq.), to adversely affect a company through threat, coercion, or intimidation of its employees, or to prevent others from doing business with said company. A practice utilized in labor disputes whereby an organized group of employees bands together and refrains from dealing with an employer, the legality of which is determined by applicable provisions of statutes governing labor-management relations. A classic example of this is a consumer boycott whereby a group of customers refuses to purchase a particular product in order to indicate their dissatisfaction with excessive prices or the offensive actions of a particular manufacturer or producer. Cross-references Labor Law. boycottn. organized refusal to purchase products or patronize a store to damage the producer or merchant monetarily, to influence its policy, and/or to attract attention to a social cause. Labor unions and their sympathizers have boycotted lettuce and grapes not picked by union farm workers, and civil rights activists have boycotted stores and restaurants that had "white only" hiring policies. The term is named for Captain Charles C. Boycott, a notorious land agent, whose neighbors ostracized him during Ireland's Land League rent wars in the 1880's. Boycotts are not illegal in themselves, unless there are threats or violence involved. A "secondary" boycott, which boycotts those who do business with the primary target of the boycotters, is an unfair labor practice under Federal and state laws. (See: secondary boycott) boycott
BoycottThe conscious refusal to buy products from a certain company or country. Boycotts are often organized on a large scale in an attempt to influence the behavior of companies or countries. Very often, boycotts are ethical or political.boycott - the withholding of supplies of products to a trader by a producer because the trader is, for example, in breach of CONTRACT or the trader is selling the products as LOSS LEADERS. See REFUSAL TO SUPPLY.
- the cessation of INTERNATIONAL TRADE, wholly or in part, with a particular country by other countries.
boycott - 1the withholding of supplies of GOODS from a distributor by a producer or producers in order to force that distributor to resell those goods only on terms specified by the producer. In the past, boycotts were often used as a means of enforcing RESALE PRICE MAINTENANCE.
- the prohibition of certain imports or exports, or a complete ban on INTERNATIONAL TRADE with a particular country by other countries.
boycott
Synonyms for boycottverb embargoSynonyms- embargo
- reject
- snub
- refrain from
- stay away from
- spurn
- steer clear of
- blacklist
- black
- cold-shoulder
- ostracize
- refuse to take part in
- turn your back on
- blackball
Antonyms- back
- support
- accept
- champion
- welcome
- promote
- advocate
- espouse
- patronize
noun embargoSynonymsSynonyms for boycottverb to exclude from normal social or professional activitiesSynonyms- blackball
- blacklist
- ostracize
- shut out
Antonyms for boycottnoun a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policiesRelated Wordsverb refuse to sponsorRelated WordsAntonyms- buy at
- frequent
- patronise
- shop at
- patronize
- shop
- sponsor
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