Brdzola

(The Struggle), the first revolutionary underground Georgian newspaper, the organ of the Tiflis Social Democratic organization. Brdzola was published from September 1901 until December 1902; its editor was V. Z. Ketskhoveli. It was printed in Georgian in the underground Nina Printing Press in Baku. Four issues were published. Brdzola propagated the ideas of Lenin’s Iskra and fought against legal Marxism, economism, Bernsteinism, and the nationalism of Transcaucasia. Iskra (no. 13, Dec. 20, 1901) noted the publication of the first issue of Brdzola as an event of great importance. By a decision of the First Congress of the Caucasian Social Democratic Organization (March 1903), Brdzola merged with the newspaper Proletarii, which was published in Armenian, into a single organ called Proletarians brdzola (The Struggle of the Proletariat).