electrotonus

e·lec·trot·o·nus

E0082500 (ĭ-lĕk′trŏt′n-əs, ē′lĕk-)n. Alteration in excitability and conductivity of a nerve or muscle during the passage of an electric current through it.

e·lec′tro·ton′ic (-trə-tŏn′ĭk) adj.

electrotonus

(ɪlɛkˈtrɒtənəs; ˌiːlɛk-) n (Physiology) physiol the change in the state of irritability and conductivity of a nerve or muscle caused by the passage of an electric current[C19: from New Latin, from electro- + Latin tonus tone] electrotonic adj

e•lec•trot•o•nus

(ɪ lɛkˈtrɒt n əs, ˌi lɛk-)

n. the altered state of a nerve during the passage of an electric current through it. [1855–60] e•lec`tro•ton′ic (-trəˈtɒn ɪk) adj.

electrotonus

the state or condition of a nerve when an electric current is passing through it. — electrotonic, adj.See also: Nerves

Electrotonus

enUK

electrotonus

[i‚lek′trät·ən·əs] (physiology) The change of condition in a nerve or a muscle during the passage of a current of electricity.

Electrotonus

change in the condition of a nerve, muscle, or excitable tissue after exposure to a direct current of electricity. The phenomenon was first discovered in 1859 by the German physiologist E. Pflüger, who showed that excitability decreases in the region of the anode upon closure of the circuit (anelectrotonus) but increases in the region of the cathode (catelectrotonus). After gradual intensification of the current, closure of the circuit gives rise to action potential in the region of the cathode, whereas a decrease in excitability in the region of the anode may block conduction.

The Russian physiologist B. F. Verigo (1883, 1888), who significantly supplemented Pflüger’s data, found that upon prolonged exposure to a current the initial catelectrotonic increase in excitability gives way to “cathodic depression,” that is, excitability decreases, while a decrease in excitability in the region of the anode is converted to “anodic exaltation.”

Electrotonus can spread through nerve or muscle cells (perielectrotonus). The nature of the primary (after brief action of a current) and secondary (after prolonged action) electrotonic changes in excitability and conduction varies. Primary catelectrotonus and anelectrotonus are caused by shifts in membrane potential of excitable cells, depending on whether they are closer to or farther from the critical level at which action potential is generated. Secondary electrotonic phenomena result from action on the processes of inactivation of sodium permeability and activation of potassium permeability of the membrane of an excitable cell. By participating in the mechanisms responsible for the functioning of the nervous system, electrotonic phenomena play an important role in propagating impulses through the neural networks.

Research on electrotonus led to the development of techniques for stimulating the human motor apparatus. They are now used in the electrodiagnosis of diseases of the peripheral nervous and muscular systems.

L. G. MAGAZANIK

electrotonus

[e-lek-trot´o-nus] the altered electrical state of an excitable cell when a constant electric current is passed through it; for example, the changes in potential" >membrane potential of excitable cells that cause a passive change in potential at every other point on the cell membrane.

e·lec·trot·o·nus

(ē-lek-trot'ŏ-nŭs), Avoid the mispronunciation electroto'nus.Changes in excitability and conductivity in a nerve or muscle cell caused by the passage of a constant electric current.
See also: catelectrotonus, anelectrotonus. Synonym(s): galvanotonus (1) [electro- + G. tonos, tension]

electrotonus

(ĭ-lĕk′trŏt′n-əs, ē′lĕk-)n. Alteration in excitability and conductivity of a nerve or muscle during the passage of an electric current through it.

e·lec′tro·ton′ic (-trə-tŏn′ĭk) adj.

e·lec·trot·o·nus

(ĕ-lek-trot'ŏ-nŭs) Changes in excitability and conductivity in a nerve or muscle cell caused by the passage of a constant electric current. [electro- + G. tonos, tension]

单词	electrotonus
释义	electrotonus enUK e·lec·trot·o·nus E0082500 (ĭ-lĕk′trŏt′n-əs, ē′lĕk-)n. Alteration in excitability and conductivity of a nerve or muscle during the passage of an electric current through it. e·lec′tro·ton′ic (-trə-tŏn′ĭk) adj. electrotonus (ɪlɛkˈtrɒtənəs; ˌiːlɛk-) n (Physiology) physiol the change in the state of irritability and conductivity of a nerve or muscle caused by the passage of an electric current[C19: from New Latin, from electro- + Latin tonus tone] electrotonic adj e•lec•trot•o•nus (ɪ lɛkˈtrɒt n əs, ˌi lɛk-) n. the altered state of a nerve during the passage of an electric current through it. [1855–60] e•lec`tro•ton′ic (-trəˈtɒn ɪk) adj. electrotonus the state or condition of a nerve when an electric current is passing through it. — electrotonic, adj.See also: Nerves Electrotonus enUK electrotonus [i‚lek′trät·ən·əs] (physiology) The change of condition in a nerve or a muscle during the passage of a current of electricity. Electrotonus change in the condition of a nerve, muscle, or excitable tissue after exposure to a direct current of electricity. The phenomenon was first discovered in 1859 by the German physiologist E. Pflüger, who showed that excitability decreases in the region of the anode upon closure of the circuit (anelectrotonus) but increases in the region of the cathode (catelectrotonus). After gradual intensification of the current, closure of the circuit gives rise to action potential in the region of the cathode, whereas a decrease in excitability in the region of the anode may block conduction. The Russian physiologist B. F. Verigo (1883, 1888), who significantly supplemented Pflüger’s data, found that upon prolonged exposure to a current the initial catelectrotonic increase in excitability gives way to “cathodic depression,” that is, excitability decreases, while a decrease in excitability in the region of the anode is converted to “anodic exaltation.” Electrotonus can spread through nerve or muscle cells (perielectrotonus). The nature of the primary (after brief action of a current) and secondary (after prolonged action) electrotonic changes in excitability and conduction varies. Primary catelectrotonus and anelectrotonus are caused by shifts in membrane potential of excitable cells, depending on whether they are closer to or farther from the critical level at which action potential is generated. Secondary electrotonic phenomena result from action on the processes of inactivation of sodium permeability and activation of potassium permeability of the membrane of an excitable cell. By participating in the mechanisms responsible for the functioning of the nervous system, electrotonic phenomena play an important role in propagating impulses through the neural networks. Research on electrotonus led to the development of techniques for stimulating the human motor apparatus. They are now used in the electrodiagnosis of diseases of the peripheral nervous and muscular systems. L. G. MAGAZANIK electrotonus enUK electrotonus [e-lek-trot´o-nus] the altered electrical state of an excitable cell when a constant electric current is passed through it; for example, the changes in potential" >membrane potential of excitable cells that cause a passive change in potential at every other point on the cell membrane. e·lec·trot·o·nus (ē-lek-trot'ŏ-nŭs), Avoid the mispronunciation electroto'nus.Changes in excitability and conductivity in a nerve or muscle cell caused by the passage of a constant electric current. See also: catelectrotonus, anelectrotonus. Synonym(s): galvanotonus (1) [electro- + G. tonos, tension] electrotonus (ĭ-lĕk′trŏt′n-əs, ē′lĕk-)n. Alteration in excitability and conductivity of a nerve or muscle during the passage of an electric current through it. e·lec′tro·ton′ic (-trə-tŏn′ĭk) adj. e·lec·trot·o·nus (ĕ-lek-trot'ŏ-nŭs) Changes in excitability and conductivity in a nerve or muscle cell caused by the passage of a constant electric current. [electro- + G. tonos, tension]
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