| 释义 |
citizen
cit·i·zen C0372000 (sĭt′ĭ-zən)n.1. A person owing loyalty to and entitled by birth or naturalization to the protection of a state or nation.2. A resident of a city or town, especially one entitled to vote and enjoy other privileges there.3. A civilian.4. A native, inhabitant, or denizen of a particular place: citizens of rural Utah.
[Middle English citisein, from Anglo-Norman citesein, alteration (perhaps influenced by dainzain, denizen) of Old French citeain, from cite, city; see city.]
cit′i·zen·ly adj.citizen (ˈsɪtɪzən) n1. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a native registered or naturalized member of a state, nation, or other political community. Compare alien2. an inhabitant of a city or town3. a native or inhabitant of any place4. a civilian, as opposed to a soldier, public official, etc[C14: from Anglo-French citesein, from Old French citeien, from cité, city] citizeness fem n ˈcitizenly adjcit•i•zen (ˈsɪt ə zən, -sən)
n. 1. a native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to its government and is entitled to its protection. 2. an inhabitant of a city or town, esp. one entitled to its privileges or franchises. 3. an inhabitant or denizen: the wild citizens of our woods. 4. a civilian, as distinguished from a soldier, police officer, etc. [1275–1325; Middle English citisein < Anglo-French citesein, Old French citeain=cite city + -ain -an1] cit′i•zen•ly, adj. Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  citizen - a native or naturalized member of a state or other political communitycitizenry, people - the body of citizens of a state or country; "the Spanish people"national, subject - a person who owes allegiance to that nation; "a monarch has a duty to his subjects"active citizen - a citizen who takes an active role in the community (as in crime prevention and neighborhood watch)civilian - a nonmilitary citizenfreeman, freewoman - a person who is not a serf or a slaveprivate citizen - a citizen who does not hold any official or public positionrepatriate - a person who has returned to the country of origin or whose citizenship has been restoredthane - a man ranking above an ordinary freeman and below a noble in Anglo-Saxon England (especially one who gave military service in exchange for land)elector, voter - a citizen who has a legal right to votealien, foreigner, noncitizen, outlander - a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country |
citizennoun inhabitant, resident, dweller, ratepayer, denizen, subject, freeman, burgher, townsman football hooligans who terrorized citizens after the matchRelated words
adjective civilcitizennounA person owing loyalty to and entitled to the protection of a given state:national, subject.Translationscitizen (ˈsitizn) noun1. an inhabitant of a city or town. a citizen of London. 市民 市民2. a member of a state or country. a British citizen; a citizen of the USA. 公民 公民ˈcitizenship noun the status, rights and duties of a citizen, especially of a particular country etc. He has applied for British citizenship. 公民身份或權利 公民的职责和权利citizen
second-class citizenOne who is deemed less important than others within a society. The waitress was so rude to me that I started feeling like a second-class citizen. We live in this neighborhood, too, and we should be allowed to voice our opinions, instead of being ignored like second-class citizens!See also: citizencitizen of the worldOne who feels comfortable in any country. Her many travels have caused her to become a citizen of the world.See also: citizen, of, worldsecond class1. (Describing) travel seating and accommodation that is considered slightly inferior to the highest level (first class). Hyphenated if used before a noun. I always fly second class because it saves a huge amount of money. Even though I booked for first class, they only had second-class seats available.2. Deemed to be less important or deserving of fair treatment than others. inferior to the highest level (first class). Hyphenated if used before a noun. We live in this neighborhood, too, and we should be allowed to voice our opinions, instead of being treated like second-class citizens! Voters from the region are urging leaders not to treat them like they are second class any longer.See also: class, secondsecond class1. Inferior; see second best. 2. Travel accommodations ranking below the highest or first class, as in Traveling second class on European trains is not only cheaper but gives you more contact with local people . [c. 1840] 3. In the United States and Canada, a category of mail consisting of periodicals and newspapers. [c. 1870] 4. second-class citizen. An individual regarded or treated as inferior to others in status or rights, an underprivileged person. For example, In many countries women still are considered second-class citizens. This term uses second class in the sense of "inferior." [c. 1940] See also: class, secondcitizen of the world a person who is at home in any country.See also: citizen, of, worldJoe Citizen (ˈdʒo ˈsɪtəsnæ) n. a general term for a male representative of the public. Joe Citizen hasn’t spoken yet! Watch the results of the election. See also: citizen, joecitizen
citizen, member of a state, native or naturalized, who owes allegianceallegiance,
in political terms, the tie that binds an individual to another individual or institution. The term usually refers to a person's legal obligation of obedience to a government in return for the protection of that government, although it may have reference to any
..... Click the link for more information. to the government of the state and is entitled to certain rights. Citizens may be said to enjoy the most privileged form of nationalitynationality,
in political theory, the quality of belonging to a nation, in the sense of a group united by various strong ties. Among the usual ties are membership in the same general community, common customs, culture, tradition, history, and language.
..... Click the link for more information. ; they are at the furthest extreme from nonnational residents of a state (see alienalien,
in law, any person residing in one political community while owing allegiance to another. A procedure known as naturalization permits aliens to become citizens.
Each nation establishes conditions upon which aliens will be admitted, and makes laws concerning them.
..... Click the link for more information. ), but they may also be distinguished from nationals with subject or servile status (e.g., slaves or serfs; see serfserf,
under feudalism, peasant laborer who can be generally characterized as hereditarily attached to the manor in a state of semibondage, performing the servile duties of the lord (see also manorial system).
..... Click the link for more information. , slaveryslavery,
historicially, an institution based on a relationship of dominance and submission, whereby one person owns another and can exact from that person labor or other services.
..... Click the link for more information. ). (It should be noted, however, that in Great Britain and some other constitutional monarchies a citizen is called a subject.) The term citizen originally designated the inhabitant of a town. In ancient Greece property owners in the city-statescity-state,
in ancient Greece, Italy, and Medieval Europe, an independent political unit consisting of a city and surrounding countryside. The first city-states were in Sumer, but they reached their peak in Greece.
..... Click the link for more information. were citizens and, as such, might vote and were subject to taxation and military service. Citizenship in the Roman republic and empire was at first limited to the residents of the city of Rome, later granted to Rome's Italian allies, and ultimately extended in A.D. 212 to all free inhabitants of the empire. Under feudalismfeudalism
, form of political and social organization typical of Western Europe from the dissolution of Charlemagne's empire to the rise of the absolute monarchies. The term feudalism is derived from the Latin feodum,
..... Click the link for more information. in Europe the concept of national citizenship disappeared. In time, however, city dwellers purchased the immunity of their cities from feudal dues, thereby achieving a privileged position and a power in local government; these rights were akin to those of citizenship and supplied much of the content of later legislation respecting citizenship. Modern concepts of national citizenship were first developed during the American and French revolutions. Today each country determines what class of persons are its citizens. In some countries citizenship is determined according to the jus sanguinis [Lat.,=law of blood], whereby a legitimate child takes its citizenship from its father and an illegitimate child from its mother. In some countries the jus soli [Lat.,=law of the soil] governs, and citizenship is determined by place of birth. These divergent systems may lead to conflicts that often result in dual nationality or loss of citizenship (statelessness). Although the Constitution of the United States, as written in 1787, uses the word citizen and empowers Congress to enact uniform naturalizationnaturalization,
official act by which a person is made a national of a country other than his or her native one. In some countries naturalized persons do not necessarily become citizens but may merely acquire a new nationality.
..... Click the link for more information. laws, the term was not defined until the adoption (1868) of the Fourteenth AmendmentFourteenth Amendment,
addition to the U.S. Constitution, adopted 1868. The amendment comprises five sections. Section 1
Section 1 of the amendment declares that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are American citizens and citizens of their state
..... Click the link for more information. , which gave citizenship to former black slaves. As this amendment indicates, the United States generally follows the jus soli. However, Congress has also recognized, subject to strict rules, the principle of jus sanguinis so that children born of American parents abroad are citizens during their minority and can retain this citizenship at majority if they meet certain conditions. In addition, in 2000, Congress granted automatic citizenship to most minor children of American parents who were adopted from abroad; previously such adopted children needed to be naturalized. Until the 1940s the United States recognized several classes of nationals who were not citizens, e.g., Filipinos and Puerto Ricans. Today, however, all U.S. nationals are citizens. The United States recognizes the right of voluntary extraditionextradition
, delivery of a person, suspected or convicted of a crime, by the state where he has taken refuge to the state that asserts jurisdiction over him. Its purpose is to prevent criminals who flee a country from escaping punishment.
..... Click the link for more information. , and in 1967 the Supreme Court ruled that citizenship can be lost only if freely and expressly renounced; Congress does not have the power to take it away. citizen any member of a political community or STATE who enjoys clear rights and duties associated with this membership, i.e. who is not merely a 'Subject’. Until modern times, with only a few exceptions, citizenship was typically restricted to a relatively narrow group within a political community, or was entirely absent. In the modern NATION STATE, however, not only has citizenship become the usual pattern, but the number of people admitted to this status has expanded, with universal suffrage and full CITIZEN RIGHTS established as the normal pattern.citizen a native registered or naturalized member of a state, nation, or other political community Citizen
Related to Citizen: Citizen Kanecitizenn. person who by place of birth, nationality of one or both parents, or by going through the naturalization process has sworn loyalty to a nation. The United States has traditionally taken the position that an American citizen is subject to losing his/her citizenship if he/she commits acts showing loyalty to another country, including serving in armed forces potentially unfriendly to the United States, or voting in a foreign county. However, if the foreign nation recognizes dual citizenship (Canada, Israel, and Ireland are common examples) the U. S. will overlook this duality of nationalities. CITIZEN, persons. One who, under the constitution and laws of the United States, has a right to vote for representatives in congress, and other public officers, and who is qualified to fill offices in the gift of the people. In a more extended sense, under the word citizen, are included all white persons born in the United States, and naturalized persons born out of the same, who have not lost their right as such. This includes men, women, and children.
2. Citizens are either native born or naturalized. Native citizens may fill any office; naturalized citizens may be elected or appointed to any office under the constitution of the United States, except the office of president and vice-president. The constitution provides, that "the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states." Art. 4, s. 2.
3. All natives are not citizens of the United States; the descendants of the aborigines, and those of African origin, are not entitled to the rights of citizens. Anterior to the adoption of the constitution of the United States, each state had the right to make citizens of such persons as it pleased. That constitution does not authorize any but white persons to become citizens of the United States; and it must therefore be presumed that no one is a citizen who is not white. 1 Litt. R. 334; 10 Conn. R. 340; 1 Meigs, R. 331.
4. A citizen of the United States, residing in any state of the Union, is a citizen of that state. 6 Pet. 761 Paine, 594;1 Brock. 391; 1 Paige, 183 Metc. & Perk. Dig. h.t.; vide 3 Story's Const. Sec. 1687 Bouv. Inst. Index, b. t.; 2 Kent, Com. 258; 4 Johns. Ch. R. 430; Vatt. B. 1, c. Id, Sec. 212; Poth. Des Personnes, tit. 2, s. 1. Vide Body Politic; Inhabitant. See CIT
See CITcitizen
Related to citizen: Citizen KaneSynonyms for citizennoun inhabitantSynonyms- inhabitant
- resident
- dweller
- ratepayer
- denizen
- subject
- freeman
- burgher
- townsman
Synonyms for citizennoun a person owing loyalty to and entitled to the protection of a given stateSynonymsAntonyms for citizennoun a native or naturalized member of a state or other political communityRelated Words- citizenry
- people
- national
- subject
- active citizen
- civilian
- freeman
- freewoman
- private citizen
- repatriate
- thane
- elector
- voter
Antonyms- alien
- foreigner
- noncitizen
- outlander
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