caving

cave

C0174800 (kāv)n.1. A hollow or natural passage under or into the earth, especially one with an opening to the surface.2. A storage cellar, especially for wine.v. caved, cav·ing, caves v.tr.1. To dig or hollow out.2. To cause to collapse or fall in. Often used with in: The impact caved in the roof of the car.v.intr.1. To fall in; collapse. Often used with in: The walls caved in during the earthquake.2. To give up all opposition; yield. Often used with in: The school committee caved in to the demands of parents.3. To explore caves.

[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin cava, from neuter pl. of cavus, hollow; see keuə- in Indo-European roots.]

caving

(ˈkeɪvɪŋ) n (Individual Sports, other than specified) the sport of climbing in and exploring caves ˈcaver n

spe•le•ol•o•gy

or spe•lae•ol•o•gy

(ˌspi liˈɒl ə dʒi)

n. the exploration and study of caves. [1890–95; < Latin spēlae(um) + -o- + -logy] spe`le•o•log′i•cal (-əˈlɒdʒ ɪ kəl) adj. spe`le•ol′o•gist, n.

caving

the term for speleology used by professionals.See also: Caves

Translations

спелеология

caving

the sport of climbing in and exploring caves

Caving

(in mining), natural or artificially induced disruption of the stability of a rock mass. In underground mining, caving takes place as the collapse of blocks and pieces of rock into mine workings, detachment of sections of the roof rock, or shifting of an entire undermined rock stratum. Natural caving over a large area (roof sagging) is caused by dynamic loading on the mine workings and by air shocks within them. The harmful consequences of caving are prevented or minimized by the installation of supports in the workings and by controlling the behavior of the wall rock. An efficient and economical method of controlling rock pressure in long stoping faces (longwalls) is complete or partial roof caving.

The parameters of roof caving—the rate of caving of the immediate roof, which is brought about by the removal or shifting of the supports, and the rate of caving of the main roof—are determined by the properties of the rock, the depth, and the engineering and technological conditions of the operations. In the case of strong roof rocks that tend to overhang, artificially induced caving by means of explosives, hydraulic working of the rock mass, and other methods must be used. In underground mining of ore deposits, the principle of caving ores and surrounding rock in certain mining systems is the basis of mineral extraction technology. The principles governing rock caving in underground mining are studied for the purpose of designing mining systems and improving methods for the design of support and regulations for the protection of excavations and above-ground structures. In open-pit mining, the banks and rims of quarries are caved. They are made stable by the choice of the proper height and slope angle of the banks and rims, and also by anchoring the slopes, taking into account the structure, physicochemical properties, and loading. Under favorable conditions, self-caving of banks is used for separating rock from the rock mass.

V. V. ZHUKOV

caving

[′kāv·iŋ] (mining engineering) A mining procedure, used when the surface is expendable, in which the ore body is undercut and allowed to fall, breaking into small pieces that are recovered by passages (drifts) driven for that purpose; sublevel caving, block caving, and top slicing are examples. (petroleum engineering) Collapsing of the walls of a wellbore. Also known as sloughing.

单词	caving
释义	caving cave C0174800 (kāv)n.1. A hollow or natural passage under or into the earth, especially one with an opening to the surface.2. A storage cellar, especially for wine.v. caved, cav·ing, caves v.tr.1. To dig or hollow out.2. To cause to collapse or fall in. Often used with in: The impact caved in the roof of the car.v.intr.1. To fall in; collapse. Often used with in: The walls caved in during the earthquake.2. To give up all opposition; yield. Often used with in: The school committee caved in to the demands of parents.3. To explore caves. [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin cava, from neuter pl. of cavus, hollow; see keuə- in Indo-European roots.] caving (ˈkeɪvɪŋ) n (Individual Sports, other than specified) the sport of climbing in and exploring caves ˈcaver n spe•le•ol•o•gy or spe•lae•ol•o•gy (ˌspi liˈɒl ə dʒi) n. the exploration and study of caves. [1890–95; < Latin spēlae(um) + -o- + -logy] spe`le•o•log′i•cal (-əˈlɒdʒ ɪ kəl) adj. spe`le•ol′o•gist, n. caving the term for speleology used by professionals.See also: Caves Translations спелеология IdiomsSeecave caving caving the sport of climbing in and exploring caves Caving (in mining), natural or artificially induced disruption of the stability of a rock mass. In underground mining, caving takes place as the collapse of blocks and pieces of rock into mine workings, detachment of sections of the roof rock, or shifting of an entire undermined rock stratum. Natural caving over a large area (roof sagging) is caused by dynamic loading on the mine workings and by air shocks within them. The harmful consequences of caving are prevented or minimized by the installation of supports in the workings and by controlling the behavior of the wall rock. An efficient and economical method of controlling rock pressure in long stoping faces (longwalls) is complete or partial roof caving. The parameters of roof caving—the rate of caving of the immediate roof, which is brought about by the removal or shifting of the supports, and the rate of caving of the main roof—are determined by the properties of the rock, the depth, and the engineering and technological conditions of the operations. In the case of strong roof rocks that tend to overhang, artificially induced caving by means of explosives, hydraulic working of the rock mass, and other methods must be used. In underground mining of ore deposits, the principle of caving ores and surrounding rock in certain mining systems is the basis of mineral extraction technology. The principles governing rock caving in underground mining are studied for the purpose of designing mining systems and improving methods for the design of support and regulations for the protection of excavations and above-ground structures. In open-pit mining, the banks and rims of quarries are caved. They are made stable by the choice of the proper height and slope angle of the banks and rims, and also by anchoring the slopes, taking into account the structure, physicochemical properties, and loading. Under favorable conditions, self-caving of banks is used for separating rock from the rock mass. V. V. ZHUKOV caving [′kāv·iŋ] (mining engineering) A mining procedure, used when the surface is expendable, in which the ore body is undercut and allowed to fall, breaking into small pieces that are recovered by passages (drifts) driven for that purpose; sublevel caving, block caving, and top slicing are examples. (petroleum engineering) Collapsing of the walls of a wellbore. Also known as sloughing.
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