| 释义 |
erythema nodosum
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | erythema nodosum - skin condition characterized by tender red nodules on the shins and legserythema - abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)ENL, erythema nodosum leprosum - an inflammatory complication of leprosy that results in painful skin lesions on the arms and legs and face |
erythema nodosum
erythema nodosum[‚er·ə′thē·mə nō′dō·səm] (medicine) The occurrence of pink to blue, tender nodules on the anterior surfaces of the lower legs; more frequent in women than men. erythema nodosum
Erythema Nodosum DefinitionErythema nodosum is a skin disorder characterized by painful red nodules appearing mostly on the shins.DescriptionErythema nodosum is an eruption of tender red lumps on both shins and occasionally the arms and face. Bruising often accompanies the nodule formation. Erythema nodosum is most prevalent in young adults.Causes and symptomsErythema nodosum can be caused by many important and treatable diseases. Among them are tuberculosis, several fungal lung infections, leprosy, inflammatory bowel disease, and some potentially dangerous bacterial infections. Drugs can also induce erythema nodosum. The most common are penicillin, sulfonamides, and birth control pills.DiagnosisThere are a few other skin eruptions that mimic erythema nodosum, so the physician may have to perform a biopsy to sort them out. There are a few types of panniculitis, fat inflammation, that may signal a cancer somewhere in the body, and there are other kinds of inflammation that may confuse the diagnosis.Once the skin problem has been diagnosed, its underlying cause must then be identified. A lengthy evaluation may ensue, and often times the cause remains unknown.TreatmentPainful nodules can be treated with mild pain killers and local application of ice packs. Medical attention will be directed toward the underlying disease.The nodules will eventually disappear, leaving no trace behind.ResourcesBooksBennett, J. Claude, and Fred Plum, editors. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1996.Key termsBiopsy — Surgical removal of tissue for diagnostic purposes.Panniculitis — Inflammation of fatty tissue.erythema [er″ĭ-the´mah] redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation.erythema chro´nicum mi´grans a ring-shaped erythema due to the bite of a tick of the genus Ixodes; it begins as an erythematous plaque several weeks after the bite and spreads peripherally with central clearing. Often there are also systemic symptoms, including chills, fever, headache, vomiting, backache, and stiff neck. See also lyme disease.gyrate erythema (erythema gyra´tum) erythema multiforme characterized by the development of lesions that tend to migrate and spread peripherally with central clearing.erythema ab ig´ne permanent erythema produced by prolonged exposure to excessive nonburning heat. It is seen most often on the legs of women, but under appropriate environmental circumstances, it can occur anywhere on the body in either sex.erythema indura´tum a chronic necrotizing vasculitis, usually occurring on the calves of young women; see also bazin's disease.erythema infectio´sum a mild, self-limiting disease of childhood characterized by a lacelike skin rash symmetrically distributed on the hands, arms, and legs, with few or no other symptoms; occasionally there is a low grade fever, and the condition often clears up without specific treatment. The incubation period is six days to two weeks. This disease is contagious and originally was believed to be a form of rubella; because the rash can resemble that of scarlet fever and German measles, it is important to differentiate this mild condition from those more serious ones. Called also fifth disease.erythema margina´tum a type of erythema multiforme in which the reddened areas are disk-shaped, with elevated edges.erythema margina´tum rheuma´ticum a superficial, often asymptomatic, form of gyrate erythema associated with some cases of rheumatic fever, which is characterized by the presence on the trunk and extensor surfaces of the extremities of a transient eruption of flat to slightly indurated, nonscaling, and usually multiple lesions.erythema mi´grans geographic tongue.erythema multifor´me a symptom complex representing a reaction of the skin and mucous membranes secondary to various known, suspected, and unknown factors, including infections, ingestants, physical agents, malignancy, and pregnancy. The conditions in the complex are characterized by the sudden onset of a reddened macular, bullous, papular, or vesicular eruption, the characteristic lesion being the iris, bull's eye, or target lesion, which consists of a central papule with two or more concentric rings. The complex includes a mild self-limited mucocutaneous form (erythema multiforme minor) and a severe, sometimes fatal, multisystem form (stevens-johnson syndrome).erythema nodo´sum a type of panniculitis occurring usually as a hypersensitivity reaction to multiple provoking agents, including various infections, drugs, sarcoidosis, and certain enteropathies. It may also be of idiopathic origin. It most often affects young women and is characterized by the development of crops of transient, inflammatory, nonulcerating nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral, and most commonly located on the shins; the lesions involute slowly, leaving bruiselike patches without scarring. The acute disease is often associated with fever, malaise, and arthralgias. A chronic variant sometimes occurs without any serious associated systemic disease.toxic erythema (erythema tox´icum) a generalized erythematous or erythematomacular eruption due to administration of a drug or to bacterial or other toxins or associated with various systemic diseases.erythema tox´icum neonato´rum a benign, idiopathic, very common, generalized, transient eruption occurring in infants during the first week of life, usually consisting of small papules or pustules that become sterile, yellow-white, firm vesicles surrounded by an erythematous halo and some edema.er·y·the·ma no·do·suma panniculitis marked by the sudden formation of painful nodes on the extensor surfaces of the lower extremities, with lesions that are self-limiting but tend to recur; associated with arthralgia and fever; may be the result of drug sensitivity or associated with sarcoidosis and various infections. Deep biopsies show a septal panniculitis with infiltration by lymphocytes and scattered multinucleated giant cells. Synonym(s): nodal fevererythema nodosum A nodular, erythematous eruption of acute onset, which is usually confined to the anterior and lateral lower legs (but also affects the arms, face and trunk), and is regarded as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. While it usually resolves spontaneously, it may be chronic.
Clinical findings
Warm and tender nodules, bruise-like colours, bilateral, symmetrical, fever, and joint pain.
Demographics
More common in young (age 18–35) women (female:male ratio, 4:1); incidence is 25 cases/100,000/year.
Associations
Infections (especially streptococcus, but also cat-scratch disease), coccidiodomycosis, psittacosis, yersiniosis, sarcoid, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs (e.g., sulphonamides, halides, gold, sulfonylurea, oral contraceptives), lymphoma, oestrogen, neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome, Behçet disease).
Management
NSAIDs, wet compresses, elevation, bed rest.
Erythema nodosum vs. nodular vasculitis:
Ulceration: No vs. Yes
Site: Shins vs. Calves
Onset: Acute vs. Chronic
Scars: No vs. Yes
Tissue: Septal vs. Lobularer·y·the·ma no·do·sum (er'i-thē'mă nō-dō'sŭm) A panniculitis marked by the sudden formation of painful nodes on the extensor surfaces of the lower extremities, with lesions that are self limiting but tend to recur; associated with arthralgia and fever; may be the result of drug sensitivity or associated with sarcoidosis and various infections. Deep biopsies show a septal panniculitis (i.e., inflammation of fatty connective tissue), with infiltration by lymphocytes and scattered multinucleated giant cells. erythema nodosum Inflammation of small blood vessels (vasculitis) causing red, raised, tender nodules under the skin of both shins and sometimes elsewhere on the body. These disappear after some days or weeks. There may be fever, aches and pains and sickness. Erythema nodosum is an immunological disorder associated with a variety of conditions including TUBERCULOSIS, SARCOIDOSIS, streptococcal infections, drug allergies and LEPROSY.erythema nodosum
Related to erythema nodosum: erythema multiforme, sarcoidosisWords related to erythema nodosumnoun skin condition characterized by tender red nodules on the shins and legsRelated Words- erythema
- ENL
- erythema nodosum leprosum
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