economic rent

payments (in money or in kind) made to the owner or controller of property for its use. Historically, in preindustrial societies, rent paid and received for LAND has been of major importance, e.g. under the FEUDAL MODE OF PRODUCTION. In MARXIAN ECONOMICS, with reference to situations where rent for land is levied in a context in which market relations exist, two main forms of rent are recognized:
1. absolute rent, the basic level of rent; and
2. differential rent, the extra rent obtained from land of higher than average productivity (not including any return on additional CAPITAL invested in improving the land).
Debate has existed (e.g. Hindess and Hirst, 1975) as to whether taxes on peasant production levied by the state constitute a fundamentally different MODE OF PRODUCTION (see also ASIATIC MODE OF PRODUCTION) from the forms of rent' that emerged in Western Europe, or whether the ‘tax-rent’ couple constitute a single mode of production. For some Marxists, the attraction of the latter view is that the idea of a single developmental sequence of modes of production can be preserved.
(ECONOMICS) rent or quasi-rent, any payment, or part payment, made for a FACTOR OF PRODUCTION, including human labour, which derives from an absolute shortage of supply (e.g. the fixed supply of land, inherent limitations in the supply of ‘talent’, outstanding musical or sporting abilities). Compare FUNCTIONALIST THEORY OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION.

economic rent

That rent on a property which is sufficient to pay all costs of operation, maintenance, and payment of mortgages (but not utilities and services).

economic rent

Economic Rents

1. Profits in excess of what the market would otherwise command. A company can receive economic rents if it is a monopoly, or if it is part of a cartel. See also: Rent-seeking behavior.

2. The amount of money the owner of a property can reasonably demand in order to rent that property.

Fig. 54 Economic rent .

economic rent

a money payment made for a FACTOR OF PRODUCTION that is over and above the minimum payment to keep it in its present use. This minimum payment is known as TRANSFER EARNINGS and it represents an OPPORTUNITY COST. Thus, for example, a person might just be willing to work as a lecturer for a minimum of £1,000 per month because he could earn this amount working in his ‘next best’ job as a taxi driver. If his actual earnings are £1,100 per month, then his monthly earnings would comprise transfer earnings of £1,000 and economic rent of £100. Economic rent is a surplus insofar as its payment is not necessary to ensure a supply of a particular factor of production. Fig. 54 shows the demand for, and supply of, lecturers at the prevailing market wage rate (OW), which is equal to, say, £1,100 per month, enough to induce sufficient lecturers (OQ) to offer themselves to work and meet the demand for their services (D). At this wage rate, the last (marginal) people offering their services as lecturers will only do so for £1,100 per month, since this is the amount they could currently earn elsewhere as, say, driving instructors. However, since all lecturers of a common grade would be paid the same per month, an intra-marginal lecturer (Q1,) would be paid wage rate OW even though he would have been prepared to work as a lecturer for a smaller wage (OW1). The economic rent of the intra-marginal lecturer is equal to WW1. Total transfer earnings in the figure are equal to the diagonally shaded area below the supply curve, and economic rent is equal to the vertically shaded area above the supply curve.

The economic rent earned by a factor of production depends essentially upon the demand for the products made with that factor and thus the DERIVED DEMAND for that factor. Thus, for example, if the demand for lecturers was to rise from D to D1 in Fig. 54, then in order to induce more people to enter lecturing and thus increase the supply of lecturers to OQ₂, wage rates would need to rise to OW₂. This would mean that existing lecturers such as Q1 would now earn a higher wage rate and secure a larger economic rent (W1W2). By contrast, if the demand for lecturers falls, then so will their wage rates, with some lecturers transferring to better-paid employments whilst those remaining earn wages much closer to their transfer earnings.

The effect of demand upon transfer earnings and economic rent will depend upon the PRICE-ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY of a factor of production. If the supply curve for a factor is comparatively price-elastic, then most of the factor earnings would take the form of transfer earnings and little economic rent would accrue - for example, the market for unskilled labourers. In the extreme case of a horizontal supply curve for a factor of production that is in perfectly price-elastic supply, then all the earnings would be transfer earnings and no economic rent would accrue. By contrast, if the supply curve for a factor is comparatively price-inelastic, then most of the factor earnings would take the form of economic rent - for example, the market for sports champions and pop music entertainers. In the extreme case of a vertical supply curve for a factor of production that is in perfectly price-inelastic supply, then all the earnings would be economic rent.

Some factors of production may be in relatively price-inelastic supply in the short run but more elastic-supply in the long run, and thus may earn ‘temporary’ economic rents until supply is able to adjust fully to demand. The economic rents accruing to such factors of production are termed quasi-rents’, and they tend to disappear in the long run as supply catches up with demand. For example, in the case of particular types of work where a lengthy training period is required, a sudden increase in the demand for such work would enable persons already possessing the appropriate skills to secure large quasi-rents through high wage rates.

economic rent

The rent reasonably to be anticipated in the marketplace as opposed to the actual rent.For an investor familiar with economic rents in an area,there are usually many opportunities to buy properties at values based on contract rents,and then raise the rents and realize immediate growth in equity and the ability to refinance for amounts in excess of the original purchase price. Also called market rent.

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ec′onom′ic rent′

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Economic Rents

economic rent

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Synonyms for economic rent

noun the return derived from cultivated land in excess of that derived from the poorest land cultivated under similar conditions

Synonyms

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