clarithromycin

[klah-rith″ro-mi´sin] a macrolide antibiotic effective against a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; used in the treatment of respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue infections and of Helicobacter pylori–associated duodenal ulcer.

clarithromycin

Biaxin Filmtab, Biaxin Granules, Biaxin XL Filmtab, Clarosip (UK), Klaricid (UK)

Pharmacologic class: Macrolide

Therapeutic class: Anti-infective, antiulcer drug

Pregnancy risk category B

Action

Reversibly binds to 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacterial organisms, blocking protein synthesis

Availability

Granules for oral suspension: 125 mg/5 ml, 250 mg/5 ml

Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg

Tablets (extended-release): 500 mg

Indications and dosages

➣ Pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by

Streptococcus pyogenes

Adults: 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days

➣ Acute maxillary sinusitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae

Adults: 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 14 days or two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 14 days

Children: 7.5 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days

➣ Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by H. influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, M. catarrhalis, or S. pneumoniae

Adults: 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 to 14 days or two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 7 days

➣ Community-acquired pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae; acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by S. pneumoniae or M. catarrhalis

Adults: 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 to 14 days or two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 7 days

Children: 7.5 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days

➣ Community-acquired pneumonia caused by H. influenzae

Adults: 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 days or two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 7 days

➣ Community-acquired pneumonia caused by H. parainfluenzae or M. catarrhalis

Adults: Two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 7 days

➣ Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections

Adults: 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 to 14 days

➣ Eradication of Helicobacter pylori as part of triple therapy with amoxicillin and omeprazole or lansoprazole

Adults: 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 to 14 days

➣ Eradication of H. pylori as part of dual therapy with omeprazole or ranitidine

Adults: 500 mg P.O. b.i.d.

Children: 7.5 mg/kg P.O. b.i.d., up to 500 mg b.i.d.

➣ Acute otitis media

Children: 7.5 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days

Dosage adjustment

• Renal or hepatic impairment

Off-label uses

• Borrelia burgdorferi infection

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug, erythromycin, or other macrolide anti-infectives

• Concurrent use of astemizole, cisapride, or pimozide

• Cardiac disease

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• severe renal or hepatic impairment

• pregnant or breastfeeding patients.

Administration

• Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity testing as appropriate before starting therapy.

• Give with or without food.

See Don't give concurrently with astemizole (no longer available in United States), cisapride, or pimozide.

• Don't refrigerate oral suspension.

Adverse reactions

CNS: headache

CV: ventricular arrhythmias

GI: nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain or discomfort, dyspepsia

Other: abnormal taste

Interactions

Drug-drug. Astemizole, cisapride, pimozide: increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden death

Carbamazepine, digoxin, theophylline: increased blood levels of these drugs, greater risk of toxicity

Digoxin: increased digoxin blood level, causing digoxin toxicity

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (such as lovastatin, simvastatin): rhabdomyolysis

Zidovudine: increased or decreased peak zidovudine blood level

Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen: increased values

Prothrombin time: increased

White blood cells: decreased count

Patient monitoring

• Monitor hepatic enzyme and creatinine levels during long-term therapy.

• Assess cardiovascular status.

Patient teaching

• Advise patient to take drug with full glass of water, either with food or on an empty stomach.

• Tell patient using oral suspension not to refrigerate it, and to discard it 14 days after mixing.

• Tell patient to swallow extended-release tablets whole.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.

clarithromycin

(klə-rĭth′rə-mī′sĭn)n. A macrolide antibiotic, C₃₈H₆₉NO₁₃, used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, especially of the respiratory tract.

clarithromycin

Biaxin^® Infectious disease A broad-spectrum semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic used for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, acute otitis media by H influenzae, M catarrhalis, and S pneumoniae, community acquired pneumonia by S pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, C pneumoniae, as well as S aureus, M catarrhalis, MAC, combined with other agents or prophylactically with omeprazole, for H pylori Adverse effects Diarrhea, N&V, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, headache, dysgeusia. See Chronic bronchitis.

clarithromycin

A MACROLIDE antibiotic drug. A brand name is Klaricid.

单词	clarithromycin
释义	clarithromycin cla·rith·ro·my·cin C5403150 (klə-rĭth′rə-mī′sĭn)n. A macrolide antibiotic, C₃₈H₆₉NO₁₃, used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, especially of the respiratory tract. [Probably c(h)la(mydia) (the causative agent of a type of pneumonia targeted by the drug) + alteration of (e)rythromycin.] Translations clarithromycin clarithromycin [klah-rith″ro-mi´sin] a macrolide antibiotic effective against a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; used in the treatment of respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue infections and of Helicobacter pylori–associated duodenal ulcer. clarithromycin Biaxin Filmtab, Biaxin Granules, Biaxin XL Filmtab, Clarosip (UK), Klaricid (UK) *Pharmacologic class: Macrolide Therapeutic class: Anti-infective, antiulcer drug Pregnancy risk category B* Action Reversibly binds to 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacterial organisms, blocking protein synthesis Availability Granules for oral suspension: 125 mg/5 ml, 250 mg/5 ml Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg Tablets (extended-release): 500 mg Indications and dosages ➣ Pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes Adults: 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days ➣ Acute maxillary sinusitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae Adults: 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 14 days or two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 14 days Children: 7.5 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days ➣ Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by H. influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, M. catarrhalis, or S. pneumoniae Adults: 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 to 14 days or two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 7 days ➣ Community-acquired pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae; acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by S. pneumoniae or M. catarrhalis Adults: 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 to 14 days or two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 7 days Children: 7.5 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days ➣ Community-acquired pneumonia caused by H. influenzae Adults: 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 days or two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 7 days ➣ Community-acquired pneumonia caused by H. parainfluenzae or M. catarrhalis Adults: Two 500-mg extended-release tablets P.O. q 24 hours for 7 days ➣ Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections Adults: 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 7 to 14 days ➣ Eradication of Helicobacter pylori as part of triple therapy with amoxicillin and omeprazole or lansoprazole Adults: 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 to 14 days ➣ Eradication of H. pylori as part of dual therapy with omeprazole or ranitidine Adults: 500 mg P.O. b.i.d. Children: 7.5 mg/kg P.O. b.i.d., up to 500 mg b.i.d. ➣ Acute otitis media Children: 7.5 mg/kg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 days Dosage adjustment • Renal or hepatic impairment Off-label uses • Borrelia burgdorferi infection Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug, erythromycin, or other macrolide anti-infectives • Concurrent use of astemizole, cisapride, or pimozide • Cardiac disease Precautions Use cautiously in: • severe renal or hepatic impairment • pregnant or breastfeeding patients. Administration • Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity testing as appropriate before starting therapy. • Give with or without food. See Don't give concurrently with astemizole (no longer available in United States), cisapride, or pimozide. • Don't refrigerate oral suspension. Adverse reactions CNS: headache CV: ventricular arrhythmias GI: nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain or discomfort, dyspepsia Other: abnormal taste Interactions Drug-drug. Astemizole, cisapride, pimozide: increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden death Carbamazepine, digoxin, theophylline: increased blood levels of these drugs, greater risk of toxicity Digoxin: increased digoxin blood level, causing digoxin toxicity HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (such as lovastatin, simvastatin): rhabdomyolysis Zidovudine: increased or decreased peak zidovudine blood level Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen: increased values Prothrombin time: increased White blood cells: decreased count Patient monitoring • Monitor hepatic enzyme and creatinine levels during long-term therapy. • Assess cardiovascular status. Patient teaching • Advise patient to take drug with full glass of water, either with food or on an empty stomach. • Tell patient using oral suspension not to refrigerate it, and to discard it 14 days after mixing. • Tell patient to swallow extended-release tablets whole. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above. clarithromycin (klə-rĭth′rə-mī′sĭn)n. A macrolide antibiotic, C₃₈H₆₉NO₁₃, used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, especially of the respiratory tract. clarithromycin Biaxin^® Infectious disease A broad-spectrum semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic used for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, acute otitis media by H influenzae, M catarrhalis, and S pneumoniae, community acquired pneumonia by S pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, C pneumoniae, as well as S aureus, M catarrhalis, MAC, combined with other agents or prophylactically with omeprazole, for H pylori Adverse effects Diarrhea, N&V, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, headache, dysgeusia. See Chronic bronchitis. clarithromycin A MACROLIDE antibiotic drug. A brand name is Klaricid.
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clarithromycin

cla·rith·ro·my·cin

clarithromycin

clarithromycin

clarithromycin

Action

Availability

Indications and dosages

Dosage adjustment

Off-label uses

Contraindications

Precautions

Administration

Adverse reactions

Interactions

Patient monitoring

Patient teaching

clarithromycin

clarithromycin

clarithromycin